LESSON PLAN BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH

Date: dd-mm-yy Class: VIII

Age of the pupils: 14
Subject: Mathematics
yrs.
Topic: Area of Total Surface of Cuboid Duration: 40 minutes
Unit: Area of Total Surface of 3-D Figures

1. Defining a cuboid

2. Deriving the formula for finding lateral surface area as well as total surface
of a cuboid

3. Apply the formula in world problems

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES (In Behavioural terms)

Remembering

(i) Students will be able to know the meaning of the term ‘cuboid’.

(ii) Students will be able to identify the formulae for finding area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(iii) They will be able to recall the formulae for finding out area of the total
surfaces as well as lateral surfaces of a cuboid.

Understanding

(i) Students will be able to define the formulae for finding area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(ii) Students will be able to interpret the formulae for finding out area of
the lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

Applying

(i) Students will be able to recognize the shape and figures of cuboidal
object.
(ii) Students will be able to give example of articles of cuboidal shape
other than shown in the class.

(iii) Students will be able to apply the formulae for determining area of the
curved surfaces and total surfaces of a cuboid.

(iv) Students will be able to solve problems related to the area of the
surfaces of a cuboid with speed and accuracy.

Analysing

(i) Students will be able to differentiate lateral surface and total surface
area of cuboid.

(ii) Students will be able to distinguish the formulae for finding out area of
the lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(iii) Students will be able to construct the 3 D figure distinctly showing and
naming its identical faces.

Evaluating

(i) Students will be able to derive the formulae for finding out area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(ii) Students will be able to determine the area of the cuboidal objects that
need more material to cover less lateral surface as well as total surface.

Creating

(i) Students will be able to imagine different dimensions for covering less
surface area.

(ii) Students will be able to elaborate the derivation of lateral surface area
as well as total surface of cuboid to lateral surface area as well as total
surface area of a cube.

Teaching Objects

(i) Chalk Board, chalk, duster and pointer etc.

(ii) Cuboidal objects like packaging of soap, toothpaste and other objects.
 Prerequisite: Before starting teaching, teacher distributed students in to group
of five students according to their ability. Through an activity teacher tries to
create interest among students.

Previous Knowledge

(i) Students are familiar with rectangular figurers as well as formulae of

determining the area of such figures.

(ii) Students are able to give examples of two dimensional and three-
dimensional figures and objects.

ENGAGEMENT (Using Previous Knowledge)

Teacher: Ask to draw some geometrical figures on their note book and ask to
name the figures. (Determines students' current understanding (prior knowledge)
of concept or idea)

Students: Draw Rectangle, Square, Cuboid, Cube , Cylinder etc. on their

notebook along with their names.

Teacher: Is there any difference between 2 D and 3 D shapes? (Invites students to

express what they think)

Students: 2 D figure has two dimensions viz. length and breadth, 3 D figure has
three dimensions viz. length, breadth and height.

Teacher: Shows some packaging of soap and toothpaste and ask the shape of the
box. (Piques student's curiosity and generates interest)

Teacher: What is the shape of the box and faces of box?

Student: Shape of the box is Cuboid and shape of the face is Rectangular.

Teacher: Are all the six faces having same dimensions?

Students: No, only three pairs are identical.

 Teacher: So, how many identical pairs are there? (Invites students to express what
they think)

Students: There are three rectangular identical faces of different length, breadth
and height.

EXPLORATION

Teacher: Give some packaging of soap, toothpaste and box to all the group of
students and ask them to separate all the faces. (Provide new concrete (hands-on)
experience to examine, manipulate, and explore the phenomena)

Student: Start the activity

Teacher: Ask to give numbering on the faces and denote length, breadth and
height.

Students: Students give numbers on the faces I, II, III, IV, V and VI and denote
l,b,h

Teacher: What is the formula to find the area of the rectangular figure?

Students: Length × Breadth

Teacher: Ask to find the area of all six faces. (Provides time for students to puzzle
through problems)

Students: Calculate the area of all six faces separately.

Teacher: If we want to calculate total area of this packaging than what will we
do?
(Asks probing questions to help students make sense of their experiences)

Students: We should add the area of all six faces.

Teacher: Ask to do the same. (Encourages student-to-student interaction and

observes and listens to the students as they interact)
Students: Add the area of all six faces.

Teacher: What did you get?

Students: l×b+ b×h +h×l+l×b+ b×h +h×l

Teacher: Add common terms and tell what did you get?

Students: 2 (l×b+ b×h +h×l)

Teacher: So you have driven the formula to calculate area of total surfaces of
cuboid. (Appreciates and motivates)

Students: Students feel satisfaction and it increases their self confidence.

Teacher: Ask to remove one identical pair of dimensions length and breadth from
your box. What did you get?

Students: A box which doesn’t have top and bottom.

Teacher: Now subtract the area of this identical pair of rectangular shape having
length and breadth as dimensions. What did you get?

Students: 2 (l×b+ b×h +h×l)- 2 (l×b)

= 2( b×h +h×l)

=2h ( b+l)

Teacher: So you have driven the formula to calculate area of four surfaces of
cuboid. (Appreciates and motivates)

Students: Yes

EXPLANATION

Teacher: In above activity you have driven two formulas to find area of six
surfaces and four surfaces excluding top and bottom of the cuboidal box.

Students: Yes

Teacher: So area of six surfaces of the cuboidal box is known as Total Surface
Area of cuboid and area of four surfaces excluding top and bottom of the cuboidal
box is known as lateral surface area. (Introduces terminology and alternative
explanations after students express their ideas)

Total Surface Area: 2 (l×b+ b×h +h×l)

Lateral Surface Area: 2 h ( b +l)

ELABORATION

Teacher planned the same activity to elaborate the concepts of surface areas of
cuboid to surface areas of cube. Teacher shows the packaging of cubical box.

(Focuses students' attention on conceptual connections between new and former

experiences)

Teacher: What is this?

Students: It is a cubical box.

Teacher: How it is different from cuboid? (Asks questions that help students draw
reasonable conclusions from evidence and data)

Students: It is a special case of cuboid whose all sides have equal length.

Teacher: Good, Repeat the same activity for the cube having length of each side
is l. (Encourages students to use what they have learned to explain a new events or
idea)

Students: Repeat the activity and cut-out six identical faces of the cube and derive
the formula of Total Surface Area and Lateral Surface Area

Total Surface Area= 2 (l × l + l × l + l × l)

= 2 × 3 × l2

= 6 l2

Lateral Surface Area= 2 l ( l + l)

= 2×l×2l

= 4 l2

Teacher: So you have driven the formula to calculate area of four surfaces of
cube.
(Appreciates and motivates)
Students: Yes

Teacher: Now you can evaluate the Total Surface Area and Lateral Surface Area of
cube and cuboid. (Reinforces students' use of mathematical terms and descriptions
previously introduced)

Students: Yes

Teacher: Measure length, width and height of your classroom and find

(a) The total surface area of the room.

(b) The lateral surface area of this room.

(c) The total area of the room which is to be white washed.

Students: Solve the given problem by associating new knowledge to present

situation.

EVALUATION

In beginning teacher evaluate the previous knowledge of the students, he/she

keeps eyes on activities done by the students during exploration and at the end
he/she evaluate students level of understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating
and creating about the lesson through some questions.

Questions

1. Differentiate Total Surface Area and Lateral Surface Area.

2. How will you arrange 12 cubes of equal length to form a cuboid of smallest
surface area?

3. Can we say that the total surface area of cuboid = lateral surface area + 2 ×
area of base?

4. If we interchange the length of the base and the height of a cuboid (Fig I) to
get another cuboid (Fig II) will its lateral surface area changed. Elaborate your
answer.
5. The internal measures of a cuboidal room are 12 m × 8 m × 4 m. Find the total
cost of whitewashing all four walls of a room, if the cost of white washing is
Rs 5 per m2. What will be the cost of white washing if the ceiling of the room
is also white washed.

Appendix-B

LESSON PLAN BASED ON TRADITIONAL APPROACH

Date: dd-mm-yy Class: VIII

Subject: Mathematics Age of the pupils: 13-14 yrs

Topic: Area of Total Surface of Cuboid Duration: 40 minutes

Unit: Area of Total Surface of 3-D Figures

1. Defining cuboid.

2. Deriving the formula for finding area of the total surface of cuboid.

3. Solving the problem based on the use of formula.

Instructional Objectives (In Behavioural terms)

Remembering

(iv) Students will be able to know the meaning of the term ‘cuboid’.
(v) Students will be able to identify the formulae for finding area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(vi) They will be able to recall the formulae for finding out area of the total
surfaces as well as lateral surfaces of a cuboid.

Understanding

(iii) Students will be able to define the formulae for finding area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(iv) Students will be able to interpret the formulae for finding out area of
the lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

Applying

(v) Students will be able to recognize the shape and figures of cuboidal
object.

(vi) Students will be able to give example of articles of cuboidal shape

other than shown in the class.

(vii) Students will be able to apply the formulae for determining area of the
curved surfaces and total surfaces of a cuboid.

(viii) Students will be able to solve problems related to the area of the
surfaces of a cuboid with speed and accuracy.

Analysing

(iv) Students will be able to differentiate lateral surface and total surface
area of cuboid.

(v) Students will be able to distinguish the formulae for finding out area of
the lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.
(vi) Students will be able to construct the 3 D figure distinctly showing and
naming its identical faces.

Evaluating

(iii) Students will be able to derive the formulae for finding out area of the
lateral surface as well as total surface of a cuboid.

(iv) Students will be able to determine the area of the cuboidal objects that
need more material to cover less lateral surface as well as total surface.

Creating

(iii) Students will be able to imagine different dimensions for covering less
surface area.

(iv) Students will be able to elaborate the derivation of lateral surface area
as well as total surface of cuboid to lateral surface area as well as total
surface area of a cube.

Previous Knowledge

(i) Students are familiar with rectangular figurers and the method as well
as formulae of determining the area of such figures.

(ii) Students are able to give examples of two dimensional and three
dimensional figures and objects.

Teaching Objects

(i) Chalk Board, chalk, duster and pointer etc.

(ii) Cuboidal objects like packaging of soap, toothpaste and other objects.

Previous Knowledge Testing

Teacher Activity Student Activity
 1. By making a rectangle on chalk 1. Rectangle
board teacher asks about the
shape. 2. Length × Breadth
2. What is the formula to find the
area of the rectangular figure? 3. Cuboid, Cube etc.
3. Give me an example of 3 D figure.
4. What is the formula to find the 4. No answer

area of the cuboid?

Announcement of the Topic: Today, we will find out the formula to find the
area of cuboid.

Presentation
Teaching Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity Chalk Board
Points/Skills Summary

Defining With the help of a Students look at Cuboid has six faces
cuboidal box, Teacher the box and try to
shows the parts of the recognize the
box box
l

Explanation
h
Teacher makes the
identical pairs of the
cuboid and tells the
student about its Students look at
measurement. the board
h
(It is written on
chalkboard)
b

Teacher tells that it has

three identical pairs of
rectangular shape. b
l
One identical pair has
length and height as
measurement of sides.
One identical pair has
length and breadth as
measurement of sides.
One identical pair has
breadth and height as What is the formula

measurement of sides.
What is the formula for
Questioning finding area l×b for finding area of a
of a rectangular figure?
rectangular figure?
Now, we calculate the
area of all pairs of
cuboid. It is l×b l×b
Explanation b×h h×l b×h
h×l
Because they are the Students note
pairs so we add them down in their
two times and we get note-books.
l×b+ b×h +h×l+ l×b+
b×h +h×l l×b+ b×h +h×l+
l×b+ b×h +h×l

Area of cuboid=2(l×b+
b×h +h×l) Students note Area of
Applying the cuboid=2(l×b+ b×h
(It is written on the chalk down the same
formula to problem in their +h×l)
board).
solve problem. notebook.
Write the problem on
board.
What is the formula
An aquarium is in the
for finding total
form of a cuboid whose
surface area of a
external measures are
cuboid?
80 cm × 30 cm × 40
cm. The base, side
faces and back face are
to be covered with a
coloured paper. Find
the area of the paper
needed?
( Problem is solved by
 the teacher on chalk The length of the
board.) Students copy aquarium = l = 80 cm
the solution Width of the
from chalkboard aquarium = b = 30 cm
Height of the
aquarium = h = 40 cm
Area of the base = l ×
Differentiate b = 80 × 30 = 2400
Total surface Teacher tells the cm2
area and difference between Students listen
Area of the side face
Lateral surface lateral surface area and and note in their
= b × h = 30 × 40 =
area Total surface area. notebook 1200 cm2
carefully
Area of the back face
Explaining The side walls (the
= l × h = 80 × 40 =
faces excluding the top 3200 cm2
and bottom) make the
Required area =
lateral surface area of
Area of the base +
the cuboid. For
area of the back face
example, the total area
+ (2 × area of a side
of all the four walls of
face)
the cuboidal room in
= 2400 + 3200 + (2 ×
which you are sitting is Students note the
1200) = 8000 cm2
the lateral surface area formula to find
Application of of the room. lateral surface
the formula for Hence, the lateral area of cuboid
finding L.S.A. surface area of a cuboid
2(h × l + b × h) or 2h
If the length is given by 2(h × l + b × l=30 m
b=10m (l + b).
h) or 2h (l + b).

What is given in the

l=30 m
b=10m
breadth and problem? h=8m h=8m
height of a box
is 30, 10 and What will you find? Lateral surface
8m area
respectively. =2( b×h +h×l) Lateral surface area
Find L.S.A.? =2(10×8 +8×30)
Substituting the =2(80+ 240)
Recapitulation Ask students to apply known values in =2(320)
(Evaluation) the formula and put all the formula of =640m2
the values which is Lateral surface
given in the problem area
=2(10×8 +8×30)
=2(80+ 240)
=2(320)
So today we have learnt =640m2
T.S.A. and L.S.A. of
cuboid.
What is the formula for 2h ( b+l)
Recapitulation finding lateral surface
area of a cuboid?

What is the formula for 2(l×b+ b×h

finding total surface area +h×l) If the length breadth

of a cuboid? and height of a box is

40, 20 and 10m
Write a problem on Students look at respectively. Find
chalkboard i.e. If the the board and T.S.A.?
Evaluation length breadth and note the problem
Solve the height of a box is 40, 20 in their notebook.
problem written and 10m respectively.
on chalkboard.
Find T.S.A.?
(Recapitulation) What is given in the l= 40 m
problem? b=20m
h=10m

What is to be finding Total surface area

out? =2(l×b+ b×h
+h×l)

Ask students to apply

the formula and put all Substituting the
the values which is
given in the problem known values
in the formula
of
Total surface area
=2(40×20+
20×10 +10×40)
=2(800+ 200
+400)
=2(1400)
=2800m2

Home Assignment

1. The internal measures of a cuboidal room are 12 m × 8 m × 4 m. Find the total

cost of whitewashing all four walls of a room, if the cost of white washing is
Rs 5 per m2. What will be the cost of white washing if the ceiling of the room
is whitewashed?

2. A suitcase with measures 80 cm × 48 cm × 24 cm is to be covered with a

tarpaulin cloth. How many meters of tarpaulin of width 96 cm is required to
cover 100 such suitcases?