Flashcards Bio PDF

CIE Biology IGCSE
1 - Characteristics and Classification of

Living Organisms
Flashcards
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What 8 characteristics do all living
organisms share?
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What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share?
- they move
- they respire
- they respond to their surroundings
- they control their internal conditions
- they grow and develop
- they reproduce
- they excrete their waste
- they require nutrition
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Define movement
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Define movement
When an organism changes its position

or place
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Define respiration
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Define respiration
The biochemical reactions in cells that

break down molecules to release energy
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Define sensitivity
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Define sensitivity
The detection of a stimulus and the

ability to respond to that stimulus
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Define growth
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Define growth
A permanent increase in the size of an

organism by either the increase in the
number of cells or the size of the cells
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Define reproduction
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Define reproduction
The creation of offspring of the same

species as the parent(s)
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Define excretion
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Define excretion
The removal of waste products from

metabolic processes or substances in
excess
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Define nutrition
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Define nutrition
The intake of substances required for

growth and to provide energy
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Why are viruses not living?
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Why are viruses not living?
They do not have all of the 8

characteristics of living organisms (for
example they cannot respire)
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Define species
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Define species
A group of organisms that can breed to

produce fertile offspring
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What is phylogenetics?
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What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary relationships
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Give 2 ways that organisms can be
classified
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Give 2 ways that organisms can be classified
- Physical features
- Phylogenetic relationships
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How are modern classification
techniques more accurate?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How are modern classification techniques more
accurate? (Higher/Supplement)
Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a

more precise and detailed understanding
about the relationships of organisms
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How can organisms that share recent
common ancestors be identified?
(Higher/Supplement)
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How can organisms that share recent common
ancestors be identified? (Higher/Supplement)
- Analyse the organism’s DNA

- Organisms with more similar DNA
sequences often share more common
ancestors
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What are the 5 kingdoms?
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What are the 5 kingdoms?
Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae,

animalia
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Describe the binomial naming system
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Describe the binomial naming system
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Give 3 advantages of the binomial
naming system
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Give 3 advantages of the binomial naming system
- It is universal
- It provides information about closely
linked organisms and hence their traits
- It allows for precise naming
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State the features that all cells share
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State the features that all cells share
Cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA

(Higher/Supplement)
Ribosomes and enzymes for respiration
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Name 5 parts of an animal cell
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Name 5 parts of an animal cell
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
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Name 8 parts of a plant cell
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Name 8 parts of a plant cell
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell

membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
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What are the two broad groups of
animals?
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What are the two broad groups of animals?
Vertebrates and invertebrates
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What is the difference between
vertebrates and invertebrates?
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What is the difference between vertebrates and
invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone whereas

invertebrates do not
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What are the 5 main groups of
vertebrates?
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What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates?
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians,

fish
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What is an arthropod?
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What is an arthropod?
An invertebrate with an exoskeleton (e.g.

insects or crustaceans)
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What are the 4 main groups of
arthropods?
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What are the 4 main groups of arthropods?
myriapods, insects, arachnids,

crustaceans
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What are the two broad groups of
plants? (Higher/Supplement)
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What are the two broad groups of plants?
(Higher/Supplement)
Flowering and non-flowering
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What are the two main groups of
flowering plants? (Higher/Supplement)
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What are the two main groups of flowering plants?
(Higher/Supplement)
Monocotyledons and dicotyledons
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What is the difference between
monocotyledons and dicotyledons
(Higher/Supplement)
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What is the difference between monocotyledons and
dicotyledons (Higher/Supplement)
Monocotyledons only contain one

embryonic flower (cotyledon) whereas
dicotyledons contain two
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What are dichotomous keys?
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What are dichotomous keys?
They are resources that are used to

identify organisms by asking a series of
contrasting questions
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CIE Biology IGCSE

1 - Characteristics and Classification of

When an organism changes its position

The biochemical reactions in cells that

The detection of a stimulus and the

A permanent increase in the size of an

The creation of offspring of the same

The removal of waste products from

The intake of substances required for

They do not have all of the 8

A group of organisms that can breed to

The study of evolutionary relationships

Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a

- Analyse the organism’s DNA

Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae,

Cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA

Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell

Vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates have a backbone whereas

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians,

An invertebrate with an exoskeleton (e.g.

myriapods, insects, arachnids,

Flowering and non-flowering

Monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Monocotyledons only contain one

They are resources that are used to

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