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    Lecturer:Hanan Adel: Principles of Transportation

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    Alaraqi Alaraqi
    The document discusses the key components of a railway track, including rails, sleepers/ties, ballast, and subgrade. It describes the materials typically used for each component and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different sleeper materials, such as timber, steel, cast iron, and concrete. Standard railway gauge is defined as 4 feet 8.5 inches. Proper drainage and foundation layers are also highlighted as important aspects of railway track design and construction.

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    Lecturer:Hanan Adel: Principles of Transportation

    Uploaded by

    Alaraqi Alaraqi
    47 views17 pages
    The document discusses the key components of a railway track, including rails, sleepers/ties, ballast, and subgrade. It describes the materials typically used for each component and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different sleeper materials, such as timber, steel, cast iron, and concrete. Standard railway gauge is defined as 4 feet 8.5 inches. Proper drainage and foundation layers are also highlighted as important aspects of railway track design and construction.

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    lecture No. 10 railway

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    The document discusses the key components of a railway track, including rails, sleepers/ties, ballast, and subgrade. It describes the materials typically used for each component and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different sleeper materials, such as timber, steel, cast iron, and concrete. Standard railway gauge is defined as 4 feet 8.5 inches. Proper drainage and foundation layers are also highlighted as important aspects of railway track design and construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views17 pages

    Lecturer:Hanan Adel: Principles of Transportation

    Uploaded by

    Alaraqi Alaraqi
    The document discusses the key components of a railway track, including rails, sleepers/ties, ballast, and subgrade. It describes the materials typically used for each component and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different sleeper materials, such as timber, steel, cast iron, and concrete. Standard railway gauge is defined as 4 feet 8.5 inches. Proper drainage and foundation layers are also highlighted as important aspects of railway track design and construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    LEC. NO.

    10
    Principles of transportation

    Lecturer :Hanan Adel


    Railway Track
    • The track on a railway or railroad, also known as
    the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the
    rails, railroad ties (sleepers) and ballast , plus the
    underlying subgrade.
    Traditional track structure
    • The track ballast is customarily crushed stone, and the purpose
    of this is to support the ties and allow some adjustment of their
    position, while allowing free drainage.
    • Section through railway track and foundation showing the ballast and
    formation layers. The layers are slightly sloped to help drainage.
    • Rail

    Cross-sections of flat-bottomed rail.


    • Modern track typically uses Hot rolled steel
    with a profile of an asymmetrical rounded I-
    beam. Unlike some other uses
    of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to
    very high stresses and have to be made of very
    high-quality steel alloy. It took many decades
    to improve the quality of the materials,
    including the change from iron to steel. The
    heavier the rails and the rest of the trackwork,
    the heavier and faster the trains the track can
    carry.
    •
    • Rail support (sleeper/tie)
    • A railroad tie ( a railway sleeper ) is a
    rectangular object on which the rails are
    supported and fixed. The tie has two main
    roles: to transfer the loads from the rails to
    the track ballast and the ground underneath,
    and to hold the rails to the correct width apart
    (to maintain the rail gauge). They are generally
    laid transverse (perpendicular) to the rails.
    • Railway Sleepers - Types of Sleepers -
    Longitudinal, Transvers
    • Depending upon the position in a railway track,
    sleepers may be classified as:
    • 1. Longitudinal Sleepers
    • 2. Transverse Sleepers
    •
    • sleepers may be classified as:
    • · Timber/wooden sleepers
    • · Steel sleepers
    • · Cast Iron Sleepers
    • · Concrete Sleepers
    • Timber/Wooden Sleepers
    • The timber sleepers nearly fulfilled all the requirements
    of ideal sleepers .
    •
    • The most important advantages of Timber Sleepers
    • · They are much useful for heavy loads and high speeds
    • · They have long life of 10-12 years depending upon
    the climate, condition, rain, intensity, nature of traffic,
    quality of wood etc
    • · They are able to accommodate any gauge
    • · Can be used with any section of rail
    • · Can be handled and placed easily
    • · Cheaper than any other types of sleepers
    • Disadvantages of Timber Sleepers
    • · Liable to be attacked by vermin so, they must
    be properly treated before use
    • · Liable to catch fire
    • · They are affected by dry and wet rot
    • · Become expensive day by day
    • · Life is shorter compare to others
    Steel sleepers
    • Advantages of Steel Sleepers
    • · Have a useful life of 20-25 years.
    • · Free from decay and are not attacked by vermins
    • · Connection between rail and sleeper is stronger
    • · Good scrap value
    • · Suitable for high speeds and load
    Disadvantages of Steel sleepers

    • · Liable to corrosion by moisture


    • · Cannot be used for all sections of rails and
    gauges
    • · Very costly
    Cast Iron Sleepers

    • Advantages of Cast Iron Sleepers


    • · Long life upto 50-60 years
    • · High scrape value as they can be remolded
    • · They are not attacked by vermin
    Disadvantages Cast Iron Sleepers

    • · They are prone to corrosion and cannot be used


    in salty formations .
    • · Not suitable for track with circuited portions of
    railways
    • · Difficult to maintain the gauge
    • · Difficult to handle and may be easily damaged
    • · Lack of good shock absorber
    • · They are expensive
    Concrete sleepers
    Advantages Concrete Sleepers
    • · Durable with life range from 40-50 years
    • · They can be produced on large quantities by installing a plant
    • · Heavier than all other types thus giving better lateral stability to
    the track
    • · suitable for use in track circuited lines
    • · They are not attacked by corrosion
    • · Free from attacks of vermin and decay, suitable for all types of
    soils
    •
    • · Prevent buckling more efficiently
    • · Initial cost is high but proves to be economical in long run
    • · Effectively and strongly hold the track to gauge
    • · Inflammable and fire resistant
    Disadvantages Concrete Sleepers
    • · Difficult to be handled
    • · Difficult to be manufactured in different sizes
    • · Can be damaged easily while loading and
    unloading
    .Gauge

    • Measuring rail gauge


    • During the early days of rail, there was
    considerable variation in the gauge used by
    different systems. Today, 60% of the world's
    railways use a gauge of (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in), known
    as standard or international gauge. Gauges
    wider than standard gauge are called broad
    gauge; narrower, narrow gauge.
    Foundation

    • Railway tracks are generally laid on a bed of


    stone track ballast, in turn is supported by
    prepared earthworks known as the track
    formation. The formation comprises the
    subgrade and a layer of sand or stone dust .
    • The sub-grade layers are slightly sloped to one
    side to help drainage of water.
    •

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