Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

PHYSICS 9702/43
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions October/November 2018
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

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9702/43 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) work done per unit mass B1

work done moving mass from infinity (to the point) B1

1(a)(ii) (near Earth’s surface change in) height ≪ radius or height much less than radius B1

potential inversely proportional to radius and radius approximately constant (so potential approximately constant) B1

1(b) initial kinetic energy = (–) potential energy (at surface) B1

or
½mv2 = GMm / r

v2 = (2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 7.4 × 1022) / (0.5 × 3.5 × 106) C1

v = 2.4 × 103 m s–1 A1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) sum of potential and kinetic energies (of molecules/atoms/particles) B1

(energy of) molecules/atoms/particles in random motion B1

2(b)(i) final temperature = initial temperature B1

no change in internal energy B1

2(b)(ii) 1. work done on gas (P→Q): 0 A1

increase in internal energy (P→Q): (+)97.0 J A1

2. increase in internal energy (Q→R): –42.5 J A1

3. increase in internal energy (R→P): –54.5 J A1

thermal energy supplied (R→P): –91.5 J A1

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) ω2 = 2g / L C1

T = 2π / ω C1

ω2 = (2 × 9.81) / 0.19 A1

ω = 10.2 (rad s–1)

T = 2π / 10.2

= 0.62 s

3(b)(i) e.g. viscosity of liquid/friction within the liquid/viscous drag/friction between walls of tube and liquid B1

3(b)(ii) (maximum) KE = ½mv02 and v0 = ωx0 C1

or
energy = ½mω2x02

change = ½ × 18 × 10–3 × 103 × [(2.0 × 10–2)2 – (0.95 ×10–2)2] C1

= 2.9 × 10–4 J A1

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Question Answer Marks

4(a) pulses (of ultrasound from generator) B1

reflected at boundaries (between media) B1

time delay (between transmission and receipt) gives information about depth B1

intensity of reflected pulse gives information about nature (of tissues)/type (of tissues)/boundary B1

Any two from: B2

• (reflected pulses) detected by the (ultrasound) generator
• gel used to minimise reflection at skin/maximise transmission into skin
• degree of reflection depends upon impedances of two media (at boundary)

4(b)(i) product of density and speed M1

speed of ultrasound in medium A1

4(b)(ii) Z1 about equal to Z2 results in negligible/no reflection B1

Z1 ≫ Z2 (or Z1 ≪ Z2) results in mostly reflection B1

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) Any two reasonable suggestions e.g.: B2

• noise can be eliminated/(signal/data) can be regenerated
• bits can be added to correct for errors
• data compression/multiplexing (is possible)
• signal can be encrypted/better security

5(b) sketch: series of seven steps B1

each step width 2 ms B1

correct levels in correct order (2, 5, 14, 4, 9, 11, 7) A2

(1 mark for 6 levels correct, 2 marks for 7 levels correct)

5(c)(i) step width reduced B1

or
higher frequencies can be reproduced

5(c)(ii) step height reduced B1

or
smaller changes in signal (intensity) can be reproduced

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) work done per unit charge B1

work done moving positive charge from infinity (to the point) B1

6(a)(ii) field strength = potential gradient M1

‘–’ sign included or directions discussed A1

6(b)(i) gain in kinetic energy (= loss in potential energy) = charge × p.d. or qV = ½mv2 M1

so v is independent of separation (because separation not in expressions) A1

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Question Answer Marks

6(b)(ii) (at x = 0.40 cm), potential = (–) 75 × 0.40 / 1.2 C1

(= (–) 25 V)

½mv2 = qV C1

½ × 4 × 1.66 × 10–27 × v2 = 2 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 25

or

a = Vq / dm and v2 = 2as (C1)

v2 = (2 × 75 × 2 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 0.40 × 10–2) / (1.2 × 10–2 × 4 × 1.66 × 10–27) (C1)

v = 4.9 × 104 m s–1 A1

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) gain is constant M1

for all frequencies A1

7(a)(ii) no time delay between input (voltage) and output (voltage) B1

clear reference to change(s) in input and/or output (voltages) B1

7(b) diagram: VIN connected to V+ only B1

midpoint between resistors R1 and R2 connected to V– only B1

7(c)(i) –3.6 V A1

7(c)(ii) (+)5.0 V A1

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Question Answer Marks

8(a) region where there is a force M1

experienced by a current-carrying conductor/moving charge/(permanent) magnet A1

8(b)(i) single path, deflection in ‘upward’ direction B1

acceptable circular arc in whole field B1

no ‘kinks’ at start or end of curvature, and straight outside region of field B1

8(b)(ii) force (on particle) is normal to velocity/direction of motion/direction of speed B1

8(c) magnetic force provides/is the centripetal force B1

Bqv = mv2 / r or r = mv / Bq C1

(if q is doubled), new speed = 2v A1

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Question Answer Marks

9(a) (induced) e.m.f. proportional/equal to rate M1

of change of (magnetic) flux (linkage) A1

9(b)(i) induced e.m.f. = (∆B)AN / ∆t C1

= (2 × 0.19 × 1.5 × 10–4 × 120) / 0.13

= 0.053 V A1

9(b)(ii) reading on voltmeter connected to coil C / V: 0 0.053 0 A1

(all three values required)

reading on voltmeter connected to Hall probe / V: zero in middle column B1

final column correct sign (negative) B1

final column correct magnitude (0.20) B1

Question Answer Marks

10 Any five points from: B5

• as temperature rises electrons gain energy
• electrons enter conduction band
• (positively charged) holes left in valence band
• more charge carriers (so resistance decreases)
• (as temperature rises,) lattice vibrations increase
• effect of increase in number of electrons or holes or charge carriers outweighs effect of increased lattice vibrations (so
resistance decreases)

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Question Answer Marks

11(a) discrete amount/quantum/packet of energy M1

of electromagnetic radiation A1

11(b)(i) energy = hc / λ C1

λ = (6.63 × 10–34 × 3.00 × 108) / (0.51 × 106 × 1.60 × 10–19) A1

= 2.4 × 10–12 m

11(b)(ii) p = h /  λ C1

= (6.63 × 10–34) / (2.44 × 10–12)

or

p = E /  c

= (0.51 × 1.60 × 10–13) / (3.00 × 108)

p = 2.7 × 10–22 N s A1

11(c)(i) E = c2∆m C1

∆m = (0.51 × 1.60 × 10–13) / (3.00 × 108)2 A1

= 9.1 × 10–31 kg

11(c)(ii) (momentum is conserved so) nucleus must have momentum in opposite direction to photon B1

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Question Answer Marks

12(a) unstable nucleus B1

emission of particles/photons B1

emission is spontaneous B1
or
(particles/radiation) are ionising

12(b)(i) tangent drawn and gradient calculation attempted B1

activity = 1.3 × 106 Bq A2

(1 mark for answer within ±0.2 × 106 Bq, 2 marks for answer within ±0.1 × 106 Bq)

12(b)(ii) A = λN C1

λ = (1.3 × 106) / (3.05 × 1010) = 4.3 × 10–5 s–1 (≈ 4 × 10–5 s–1) A1

12(c) A = A0e–λt C1

1.0 × 103 = 4.6 × 103 exp(–5.5 × 10–7 × t)

ln (4.6) = 5.5 × 10–7 × t C1

t = 2.78 × 106 s A1

= 32 days

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