Research Methods in Education

RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION
The type of research by purpose:

(a) Basic Research
(c) Action Research
(b) Applied Research
(d) All above
The type of research by method:

(a) Historical Research
(b) Descriptive Research
(c) Action Research
(d) Experimental Research
The research concerned with development of theories is called:

(a) Basic Research
(c) Action Research
The research concerned with the use or testing of theories is:

(a) Basic Research
(c) Action Research
The research concerned with classroom problem is:
(a) Basic Research
(c) Action Research
The research involved in explaining events of the past:

(c) Action Research
(b) Experimental Research
(d) Descriptive Research
The research concerned with current status of the subject of study is:
(c) Action Research
The effect of independent variable on dependent variable is studied in:

(c) Action Research
Criticism is an important step in:
(c) Action Research
Randomly formed groups is a characteristic of:

(c) Action Research
Cause and effect relationship is established in:

(c) Action Research
Control group is a characteristic of:

(c) Action Research
Data is collected through questionnaire, interview or observation in:
(c) Action Research
Development and testing of hypothesis is necessary in:

(c) Action Research
A tentative explanation of a phenomenon or event is

(a) Problem
(c) Data
(b) Hypothesis
(d) Analysis
The important characteristic of a research problem is:

(a) Novel
(b) Significant
(c) Researchable
(d) All above
Hypothesis which states no relationship between two variables is:

(a) Research hypothesis
(b) Null/Statistical Hypothesis
(c) Non Directional Hypothesis
(d) None of above
Hypothesis which states relationship between two variables is:

(a) Research hypothesis
(b) Null/Statistical Hypothesis
(c) Non Directional Hypothesis
(d) None of above
The group selected for the purpose of research is:

(a) Population
(c) Sampling
(b) Sample
(d) None of above
The representative group selected by specific procedure from population is:

(a) Population
(c) Sampling
(b) Sample
(d) None of above
The specific procedure used to select a representative group from population

is:
(a) Population
(c) Sampling
(b) Sample
(d) None of above
The minimum size of a sample in experimental research is:

(a) 15 per group
(c) 50 per group
(b) 25 per group
(d) 75 per group
Sampling in which all individuals have equal chance of selection is:

(a) Systematic Sampling
(b) Random Sampling
(c) Stratified Sampling
(d) Cluster Sampling
Representation of same proportion of individuals in a sample as they exist in

population is:
(b) Random Sampling
The sampling in which group rather than individuals are selected is:
(b) Random Sampling
The sampling in which individuals are selected from a list at specific interval /
sequence is:
(b) Random Sampling
The minimum sample size in descriptive research is:
(a) 10% of the population

(b) 20% of the population
(c) 30% of population
(d) None of above
Pre-testing the instrument to detect weakness is:

(a) Sampling
(b) Pilot testing
(c) Socio metric technique
(d) Inventory
The Arithmetic average of the scores is called:

(a) Mean
(c) Median
(b) Mode
(d) Standard Deviation
What is the Mid-Point of scores called?
(a) Mean
(c) Median
(b) Mode
The score that is attained by more subject than any other score is:
(a) Mean
(C) Median
(b) Mode
The Mean of the scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is:

(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
The Median of the scores 11, 14,5,7,8, 18, 15, 10 is:

(a) 10
(b) 11
(C) 12
(d) 14
The Mode of the scores 4, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 6, 3 is:
(a) 3
(C) 5
(b) 4
(d) 6
How many parts has a research report:

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
First part of research report is:

(b) Main body
(d) None of above
(a) Preliminary Pages
(c) Appendices
The middle part of research report is:

(C) Appendices
(b) Main body
(d) None of above
Last portion of the research report is:
(c) Appendices
(b) Main body
(d) None of above
Basis of Experimental research is:

(a) Hypothesis
(c) Conclusions
(b) Assumptions
(d) Findings
Examples of "research by type" are:

(a) Basic and applied
(b) Action and historical
(c) Experimental and applied
(d) Descriptive and action
Research study starts from:

(a) Development of hypothesis
(b) Testing the hypothesis
(c) Data collection
(d) Finding a problem
Random sampling is necessary in:

(a) Experimental Research
(b) Basic Research
(c) Historical Research
(d) Action Research
In inductive method we proceed from:

(a) General to specific
(b) Specific to genera
(c) General to general
(d) Specific to specific
In deductive method we proceed from:

(a) General to specific
(b) Specific to general
(c) General to general
(d) Specific to specific
What is the importance of educational research?

(a) It solves the problem of students
(b) It helps in the development of the curriculum
(c) It helps in understanding how do children learn
(d) All of these
How can educational research be useful for teachers?

(a) Teacher can get better pay scales
(b) It can improve methods of solving instructional problem
(c) Teacher and headmaster can co-operative in a better way
(d) Teacher can communicate with the society more effectively
What type of remains a historical research can find:

(a) Physical
(b) Printed
(C) Hard written
(d) All of the above
How can data be expressed in descriptive research:

(a) Qualitatively
(b) In verbal symbols
(c) Quantitatively
What is the type of survey studies in educational research:

(a) Basic
(b) Descriptive
(C) Historical
(d) The experimental
Which one of the following statement is NOT true?

(a) Pure research strives to solve the fundamental mysteries of nature
(b) It is difficult to obtain public support for basic research
(c) Many people are willing to accept changes in the technical fields
(d) Many people are willing to accept changes in their social institutions
Why proportional sampling technique is used in the selection of individuals for
a study?
(a) It is random sampling technique
(b) It is systematic sampling technique
(c) To achieve greater representation in the sample
(d) It is useful for a small population
Which measure of central tendency is influenced by extreme source?

(a) Mode
(c) Mean
(b) Harmonic
(d) Median
The publications that contain description of education research by an author

who was not a direct observer or participant is a …………… source.
(a) Primary
(c) Review
(b) Secondary
(d) Preliminary
A random sample:
(a) Can be selected only by using a specially designed computer programme
(b) Is one in which each number of a population has an equal chance of being
chosen
(c) Must be large in number
(d) All of the above are correct
The degree to which a test measures what it purpose to measure deflect its
(a) Stability
(c) Validity
(b) Reliability
(d) Objectivity
In selecting an achievement test for a research project, the first step is to:
(a) Refer to the mental measurements yearbooks
b) Evaluate tests that are available
(c) Decide what is to be measured?
(d) Pretest the instruments with individuals like your sample but not part of
the sample
In historical research the wide range of written and printed materials recorded
for the purpose of transmitting information is called:
(a) Primary sources
(c) Documents
(b) Preliminary sources
(d) Relics
There will be no significant different between the scores on a measure of

achievement of high and low anxious students is a hypothesis written in form:
(a) Directional
(b) Interrogative
(c) Null
(d) Objective
A pilot study is often helpful because it:
(a) Permits a check of procedures with the possibility of revision when needed
(b) Provides the research with ideas approaches and clues
(c) Permits a preliminary testing of the hypothesis
(d) All of the above are correct
Research that focuses on fundamental laws, theories or processes is usually

described as:
(b) Basic
(a) Applied
(C) Exploratory
(d) Hypothesis testing
Experimental research is based on:

(a) Hypothesis
(c) Design
(b) Assumptions
(d) Findings
Following is the categories of "research by purpose":

(a) Basic and applied
(b) Action and historical
(c) Experimental and causal experimental
(d) Descriptive and action
The type of research which deals with the classroom problems is:
(a) Experimental research
(b) Applied research
(c) Action research
(d) Descriptive research
What is true about hypothesis?

(a) Hypothesis are always proved
(b) These are merely happy accidents
(c) These are always tested
(d) Facts may be collected to prove hypothesis
What type of research is conducted by a researcher when he is curious about

conditions and occurrences that have taken place in the past?
(a) Experimental
(b) Descriptive
(c) Historical
(d) Pure
Another name for an independent variable is:

(a) Consequent
(6) Antecedent
(c) Response
(d) Effect
A first step in using sampling as a tool of research is:
(a) Define the population
(6) List the population
(c) Obtain an adequate sample
(d) Select a representative sample
Which one research has the features of primary and secondary sources of
information?
(a) Descriptive
(c) Action
(b) Experimental
(d) Historical
The best way to find a solution to a problem is:

(a) Inductive reasoning
(b) Deductive reasoning
(C) Expert opinion
(d) Scientific method
The group to which a researcher would like the results of a study to be

Generalizable is referred to as:
(a) Sample
(c) Control group
(b) Experimental group
(d) Population
Survey studies observational studies and developmental studies come under:
(b) Historical research
(c) Descriptive research
(d) Action research
Administration of the instrument on two or three respondents to find out its

flaws in termed as:
(a) Pilot-study
(b) Try-out
(c) Validation
(d) Appropriateness
An interview in which questions to be asked from the interviewer are

determined in advance is called:
(a) Open-ended
(b) Close-ended
(c) Structured
(d) Unstructured
The research study which provides data to support theory and suggest
development of new theory is referred as:
(a) Basic research
(b) Applied research
(c) Evaluation research
(d) Action research
Up to the present time educational research had:
(a) Ignored the methodological of other scientific discipline
(b) Been influenced only by the methodology of psychology
(c) Been influenced only by mathematical statistics
(d) Been heavily influenced by a variety of scientific disciplines
A statement of a relationship between two or more events that can be used in

prediction is called a:
(a) Concept
(c) Generalization
(b) Development theory
(d) Principle
Research that focuses non-fundamental laws, tutorial or processes is usually

described as:
(a) Applied
(c) Basic
(b) Exploratory
(d) Hypothesis testing
A theory is said to be powerful if it:

(a) Is extremely accurate
(b) Has a high degree
(c) Provides an explanation for a large number of events
(d) Is valid
When the experimenter has a reasonably high expectation concerning the
relationship that exists between the variables, it is most appropriate to state
the hypothesis in the form:
(a) Directional
(c) Null
(b) Interrogative
(d) Objective
The most commonly used instruments for data collection in survey research
are the:
(a) Individual interview and situational
(b) Standardized test and critical incident technique
(c) Questionnaire and individual interview
(d) Questionnaire and standardized
A post-test in an experiment is sometimes called the:

(a) Experimental treatment
(b) Treatment variable
(c) Experimental variable
(d) Dependent variable
The basic goal of educational Research & Development is to:

(a) Discover new knowledge through
(b) Develop research-based products
(c) Improve existing education products
(d) Test educational materials
The method section of a thesis usually contains:
(a) The literature review and hypotheses
(b) The research design, subjects, and measures
(c) The definition of terms, literature review and data analysis procedures
(d) The research design and literature review
Following are the categories of research type by method:

(a) Action and historical
(b) Basic and applied
(c) Descriptive and action
(d) Experimental and causal comparative
If the results of test and retest are the same, it is in fact:

(a) Objectivity
(b) Reliability
(C) Validity
(d) Usability
The type of research which deals with the classroom problems:

(b) Descriptive
(d) Experimental
(a) Applied
(c) Action
The ultimate focus of scientific method is on:
(a) Hypothesis formulation
(b) Observation
(c) Formulation of a law/theory
(d) Experimentation
The degree to which a test consistently measures whatever it measures is

called:
(a) Validity
(c) Rationality
(b) Reliability
(d) Equality
The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measures is:

(a) Validity
(c) Rationality
(b) Reliability
(d) Equality
The lowest level of measurement is represented in:

(a) Ordinal scales
(C) Internal scales
(b) Nominal scales
(d) Ratio scales
The highest, most precise level of measurement is:
(a) Ordinal scales
(C) Internal scales
(b) Nominal scales
(d) Ratio scales
The arithmetic average of the scores is:

(a) Mode
(c) Mean
(b) Median
(d) Main
The score attained by more subjects than any other score is:
(a) Mode
(c) Mean
(b) Median
(d) Main
While writing research report one should be:

(a) Subjective
(b) Objective
(c) Introspective
(d) Interpretive
The past events are studied best in:
(b) Qualitative research
(c) Quantitative research
(d) Descriptive research
Equal and independent chance of selection is in:

(a) Statistical sampling
(b) Cluster sampling
(c) Random sampling
(d) Systematic sampling
The representation of subgroup is in:

(c) Random sampling
Where groups are randomly selected it is:

(c) Random sampling
Where number of individual are selected from a list decided by the number of
objects desired for sampling is called:
(c) Random sampling
The size of sample depends on:

(a) Population
(c) Researcher
(b) Research type
(d) Convenience
By using "Lottery method” we do:

(a) Random Sampling
(b) Convenience Sampling
(c) Quota Sampling
(d) Judgment Sampling
Independent variable cannot be manipulated, only cause and effect

relationship is to be determined in the type of research called:
(a) Correlation
(c) Experimental Treatment group is
(b) Causal comparative
(d) Descriptive
Treatment group is formed in:
(a) Action Research
Control and experimental groups determined researcher are present in the

type of research called:
(a) Correlation
(c) Experimental
(d) Descriptive
The obtain marks divided in equal parts in:

(a) Nominal scale
(c) Interval scale
(b) Ordinal scale
(d) Ratio scale
A scientific study conducted to compare the objectives with the out comes in
the type of research called:
(a) Basic
(c) Evaluation
(b) Applied
(d) Action
Manipulation of cause, its effects and relationships is determined is in the type
of research called:
(a) Correlation
(c) Experimental
(d) Descriptive
The validity that is based upon careful examination of course text books,
syllabi, objectives, subjects matter is known as:
(a) Construct validity
(b) Concurrent validity
(c) Content validity
(d) Predictive validity
Sampling technique is useful in data collection because:

(a) Phenomenon under research usually consist of large unit
(b) Usually each and every individual Subject cannot be tested or interviewed
(c) It gives representative and relatively smaller group to contact
The formula of ungrouped data to find out median even number is:
(a) n/2 (n + 2)/2
(c) (n + 1)/2
(b) Ex/n
(d) (n + 2)/2
Content list is a part of:
(a) Preliminary pages
(b) Main body of research report
(c) Review of literature
(d) Introduction
If the population is distributed into homogeneous subgroup and the random

sample is drawn from each homogeneous subgroup, then this technique is
called:
(a) Systematic sampling
(b) Curter sampling
(c) Stratified sampling
(d) Random sampling
A research conducted for studying, understanding and explaining past events is

referred to as:
(a) Experimental
(c) Evaluation
(b) Descriptive
(d) Historical
Table of random number is called:

(a) Random sampling
(b) Stratified sampling
(c) Cluster sampling
A general term applied to publications that contains descriptions of
educational research by an author who was not a direct observer or participant
is:
(a) Secondary Source
(b) Primary Source
(C) Preliminary Source
(d) Review
When in depth investigation of an individual, group or institution is done, it is

called:
(a) Self report
(c) Case study
(b) Observation research
(d) Ethnography
Ethnographic research is the other name of which Research:

(a) Quantitative
(c) Descriptive
(b) Qualitative
(d) Experimental
The boundaries of the study in a research process are known as:

(a) Limitations
(c) Assumptions
(b) Delimitation
(d) Specification
If the findings of the experimental research can be generalized it will be:
(a) Valid
(c) Objective
(b) Reliable
(d) Empirical
For an efficient and convenient research it is better to:

(a) Define the population very clearly
(b) Choose accessible population
(c) Both a & b
(d) Neither a nor b
Interrelationship studies fall under:

(c) Descriptive
(d) Historical research
(b) Educational research
In which research independent variable is manipulated:

(a) Basic
(c) Action
b) Applied
(d) Experimental
The statistics used for prediction is:
(a) ANOVA
(b) ANCOVA
(c) Factor Analysis
(d) Regression
There are many methods of acquiring knowledge, what is the most perfect
method used for man-made knowledge:
(a) Expert Opinion
(b) Personal experience
(c) Scientific method
(d) Intuition
A scale of measurement in which intervals on a scale are equidistant but true

zero does not exist is called:
(a) Ratio scale
(c) Ordinal scale
(b) Interval scale
(d) Nominal scale
In which of the followings man engages himself when using scientific method:
(a) Locating the problem
(b) Deductive reasoning
(c) Reflective thinking
(d) Framing hypothesis
The value of range in a distribution, in which maximum score is 86 and
minimum score is 54, will be:
(a) 31
(b) 33
(C) Neither a nor b
(d) Both b&c
What is significance of pure research?

(a) It strives to solve the fundamental mysteries of nature
(b) It is useful for common people
(c) People provide funds easily for it
(d) Everybody can conduct such a research
Which one of the means is the most reliable source to get information?
(a) Deduction
(c) Authority
(b) Perfect induction
(d) Ancient scholars
The Study to determine the current status of population with respect to one or
more variables on the basis of data collected from the members of a
population is called:
(a) Causal comparative
(b) Experimental
(C) Survey
d) Correctional
What type of tests produce results of questionable value?
(a) Weak
(c) Inappropriate
(b) Unreliable
(d) a, b & c
A researcher tries to find out "causes of unrest among students”, the study will
be called:
(a) Experimental
(c)Survey
(b) Causal
(d) Correlation
The value of semi-inter quartile range in a distribution where Q1=78 and Q3 =

48 will be:
(a) 15
(c) 31
(b) 30
(d) both b&c
Questionnaire is most useful instrument for:

(a) Historical study
(b) Observational study
(C) Experimental study
(d) Survey study
Difference between the populations means of two groups have been
calculated by a researcher. The most suitable test of significance to be used
will be:
(a) T-test
(c) w2
(b) Chi-square
(d) No test is needed
Pre-requisite for conducting a research study is:

(a) Formation of hypothesis
(b) Data collection
(c) Testing hypothesis
(d) Locating a problem
A systematic, objective analysis and recording of controlled observation is

called:
(a) Hypothesis
(c) Conclusion
(b) Assumption
(d) Research
A research study leads to development of :

(a) Generalizations
(c) Theories
(b) Principles
The deductive method moves:
(a) From specific application to general assumption
(b) From general assumption to specific application
(c) From theory to practice
(d) From hypothesis to conclusion
Historical research describes:

(a) What was or what happened
(b) What is or that is happen
(c) What will be or what will happen
(d) What should be or what should happen
Internal criticism and external criticism establish authenticity of

(a) Experimental Research
(d) None of the above
The qualities of a good research tool are:

(a) Validity
(c) Reliability
(b) Economy
The reference list or bibliography is placed:
(a) In the beginning of research report
(b) In the middle of research report
(c) At the end of research report
(d) a & b
When data is collected from all the members of the population the study is
called:
(a) Sample study
(c) Case study
(b) Census study
(d) Comparative study
A questionnaire in which possible responses provided to the respondent and

he/she has to select from the given responses is called:
(a) Open-ended
(C) Structured
(b) Close-ended
(d) Unstructured
Value of correlation between two variables is always:

(a) Below zero
(C) Less than one
(b) Above zero
(d) More than one
All members of a real of hypothetical set of persons, objects or events are
called:
(a) Population
(b) Sampling
(d) Cluster sampling
(c) Random sampling
A description of the study written by a person who conducted it is referred to

as:
(a) Secondary source
(c) Related material
(b) Primary source
(d) Personal observations
For what type of research study, the questionnaire is the most useful
instrument?
(a) Historical
(c) Observational
(b) Survey
(d) Experimental
To investigate the problems of special learner is:

(b) Causal comparative research
(c) Descriptive research
(d) Historical research
The impact of A.V. Aids on student learning is:
(b) Descriptive research
(c) Historical research
(d) None of the above
The impact of nationalization of schools under the policy of 1972 is:

(c) Historical research
(d) Co-relational research
To study the effect of having a working mother on school absenteeism is:

c) Documentary research
(d) Causal comparative research
The relationship between marks of internal and external assessment is:

(b) Correlational research
(c) Documentary research
Post facto research is the other name of:
(b) Historical research
(c) Correlational research

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RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION

The type of research by purpose:

The type of research by method:

The research concerned with development of theories is called:

The research concerned with the use or testing of theories is:

The research involved in explaining events of the past:

The effect of independent variable on dependent variable is studied in:

Randomly formed groups is a characteristic of:

Cause and effect relationship is established in:

Control group is a characteristic of:

Development and testing of hypothesis is necessary in:

A tentative explanation of a phenomenon or event is

The important characteristic of a research problem is:

Hypothesis which states no relationship between two variables is:

Hypothesis which states relationship between two variables is:

The group selected for the purpose of research is:

The representative group selected by specific procedure from population is:

The specific procedure used to select a representative group from population

The minimum size of a sample in experimental research is:

Sampling in which all individuals have equal chance of selection is:

Representation of same proportion of individuals in a sample as they exist in

The minimum sample size in descriptive research is:

(a) 10% of the population

Pre-testing the instrument to detect weakness is:

The Arithmetic average of the scores is called:

The Mean of the scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is:

The Median of the scores 11, 14,5,7,8, 18, 15, 10 is:

How many parts has a research report:

First part of research report is:

The middle part of research report is:

Basis of Experimental research is:

Examples of "research by type" are:

Research study starts from:

Random sampling is necessary in:

In inductive method we proceed from:

In deductive method we proceed from:

What is the importance of educational research?

How can educational research be useful for teachers?

What type of remains a historical research can find:

How can data be expressed in descriptive research:

What is the type of survey studies in educational research:

Which one of the following statement is NOT true?

Which measure of central tendency is influenced by extreme source?

The publications that contain description of education research by an author

There will be no significant different between the scores on a measure of

Research that focuses on fundamental laws, theories or processes is usually

Experimental research is based on:

Following is the categories of "research by purpose":

What is true about hypothesis?

What type of research is conducted by a researcher when he is curious about

Another name for an independent variable is:

The best way to find a solution to a problem is:

The group to which a researcher would like the results of a study to be

Administration of the instrument on two or three respondents to find out its

An interview in which questions to be asked from the interviewer are

A statement of a relationship between two or more events that can be used in

Research that focuses non-fundamental laws, tutorial or processes is usually