HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ————————————— WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS —————————————

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use AMBIEN safely and • CNS-Depressant Effects: Impairs alertness and motor coordination including risk of morning
effectively. See full prescribing information for AMBIEN. impairment. Risk increases with dose and use with other CNS depressants and alcohol.
Instruct patients on correct use. (5.2)
AMBIEN® (zolpidem tartrate) tablets, for oral use, C-IV • Need to Evaluate for Comorbid Diagnoses: Re-evaluate if insomnia persists after 7 to 10 days
Initial U.S. Approval: 1992 of use. (5.3)
• Severe Anaphylactic/Anaphylactoid Reactions: Angioedema and anaphylaxis have been
reported. Do not rechallenge if such reactions occur. (5.4)
WARNING: COMPLEX SLEEP BEHAVIORS • Abnormal Thinking and Behavioral Changes: Changes including decreased inhibition, bizarre
behavior, agitation, and depersonalization have been reported. Immediately evaluate any new
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. onset behavioral changes. (5.5)
Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in • Depression: Worsening of depression or suicidal thinking may occur. Prescribe the least
other activities while not fully awake may occur following use of AMBIEN. Some of amount of tablets feasible to avoid intentional overdose. (5.6)
these events may result in serious injuries, including death. Discontinue AMBIEN • Respiratory Depression: Consider this risk before prescribing in patients with compromised
immediately if a patient experiences a complex sleep behavior. (4, 5.1) respiratory function. (5.7)
• Hepatic Impairment: Avoid AMBIEN use in patients with severe hepatic impairment. (5.8)
• Withdrawal Effects: Symptoms may occur with rapid dose reduction or discontinuation. (5.9,
9.3)
—————————————— RECENT MAJOR CHANGES ——————————————
——————————————— ADVERSE REACTIONS ———————————————
Boxed Warning 08/2019 Most commonly observed adverse reactions were:
Contraindications (4) 08/2019 Short-term (<10 nights): Drowsiness, dizziness, and diarrhea
Warnings and Precautions, Complex Sleep Behaviors (5.1) 08/2019 Long-term (28–35 nights): Dizziness and drugged feelings (6.1)
Warnings and Precautions, CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day
Impairment (5.2) 02/2019 To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC at 1-800-
633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
—————————————— INDICATIONS AND USAGE —————————————— ——————————————— DRUG INTERACTIONS ———————————————
AMBIEN, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor positive modulator, is indicated for the • CNS depressants, including alcohol: Possible adverse additive CNS-depressant effects (5.2,
short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation. (1) 7.1)
————————————— DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ————————————— • Imipramine: Decreased alertness observed (7.1)
• Use the lowest dose effective for the patient and must not exceed a total of 10 mg daily (2.1) • Chlorpromazine: Impaired alertness and psychomotor performance observed (7.1)
• Recommended initial dose is a single dose of 5 mg for women and a single dose of 5 or 10 • CYP3A4 inducers (rifampin or St. John’s wort): Combination use may decrease effect (7.2)
mg for men, immediately before bedtime with at least 7–8 hours remaining before the planned • Ketoconazole: Combination use may increase effect (7.2)
time of awakening (2.1)
• Geriatric patients and patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment: Recommended dose ———————————— USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS ————————————
is 5 mg for men and women (2.2) • Pregnancy: May cause respiratory depression and sedation in neonates with exposure late in
• Lower doses of CNS depressants may be necessary when taken concomitantly with AMBIEN the third trimester. (8.1)
(2.3) • Lactation: A lactating woman may pump and discard breast milk during treatment and for 23
• The effect of AMBIEN may be slowed if taken with or immediately after a meal (2.4) hours after AMBIEN administration. (8.2)
• Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness not established. Hallucinations (incidence rate 7%) and
———————————— DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS ———————————— other psychiatric and/or nervous system adverse reactions were observed frequently in a study
5 mg and 10 mg tablets. Tablets not scored. (3) of pediatric patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (5.5, 8.4)
——————————————— CONTRAINDICATIONS ———————————————
• Patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking AMBIEN (4) See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide
• Known hypersensitivity to zolpidem (4) Revised: 08/2019

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

WARNING: COMPLEX SLEEP BEHAVIORS 8.1 Pregnancy
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 8.2 Lactation
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
2.1 Dosage in Adults
8.6 Gender Difference in Pharmacokinetics
2.2 Special Populations
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
2.3 Use with CNS Depressants
9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
2.4 Administration 9.1 Controlled Substance
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 9.2 Abuse
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS 9.3 Dependence
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 10 OVERDOSAGE
5.1 Complex Sleep Behaviors 10.1 Signs and Symptoms
5.2 CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment 10.2 Recommended Treatment
5.3 Need to Evaluate for Comorbid Diagnoses 11 DESCRIPTION
5.4 Severe Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
5.5 Abnormal Thinking and Behavioral Changes
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
5.6 Use in Patients with Depression
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
5.7 Respiratory Depression 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
5.8 Precipitation of Hepatic Encephalopathy 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
5.9 Withdrawal Effects 14 CLINICAL STUDIES
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS 14.1 Transient Insomnia
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience 14.2 Chronic Insomnia
6.2 Postmarketing Experience 14.3 Studies Pertinent to Safety Concerns for Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
7.1 CNS-Active Drugs 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
7.2 Drugs that Affect Drug Metabolism via Cytochrome P450 *Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed

1
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION patient. The failure of insomnia to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of
a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated. Worsening of insomnia or the
emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized
WARNING: COMPLEX SLEEP BEHAVIORS psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged during the course of treatment with
sedative/hypnotic drugs, including zolpidem.
Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other 5.4 Severe Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions
activities while not fully awake may occur following use of AMBIEN. Some of these events Cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported in patients after taking
may result in serious injuries, including death. Discontinue AMBIEN immediately if a the first or subsequent doses of sedative-hypnotics, including zolpidem. Some patients have had
patient experiences a complex sleep behavior [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings additional symptoms such as dyspnea, throat closing or nausea and vomiting that suggest anaphylaxis.
and Precautions (5.1)]. Some patients have required medical therapy in the emergency department. If angioedema involves
the throat, glottis or larynx, airway obstruction may occur and be fatal. Patients who develop
angioedema after treatment with zolpidem should not be rechallenged with the drug.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 5.5 Abnormal Thinking and Behavioral Changes
AMBIEN (zolpidem tartrate) is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with sedative/
difficulties with sleep initiation. AMBIEN has been shown to decrease sleep latency for up to 35 days hypnotics, including AMBIEN. Some of these changes included decreased inhibition (e.g., aggres-
in controlled clinical studies [see Clinical Studies (14)]. siveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), bizarre behavior, agitation and deperson-
The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were 4–5 weeks in duration with the final formal alization. Visual and auditory hallucinations have been reported.
assessments of sleep latency performed at the end of treatment. In controlled trials of AMBIEN 10 mg taken at bedtime <1% of adults with insomnia reported
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION hallucinations. In a clinical trial, 7% of pediatric patients treated with AMBIEN 0.25 mg/kg taken at
2.1 Dosage in Adults bedtime reported hallucinations versus 0% treated with placebo [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Use the lowest effective dose for the patient. The recommended initial dose is 5 mg for women and It can rarely be determined with certainty whether a particular instance of the abnormal behaviors listed
either 5 or 10 mg for men, taken only once per night immediately before bedtime with at least 7–8 hours above is drug induced, spontaneous in origin, or a result of an underlying psychiatric or physical
remaining before the planned time of awakening. If the 5 mg dose is not effective, the dose can be disorder. Nonetheless, the emergence of any new behavioral sign or symptom of concern requires
increased to 10 mg. In some patients, the higher morning blood levels following use of the 10 mg dose careful and immediate evaluation.
increase the risk of next-day impairment of driving and other activities that require full alertness [see 5.6 Use in Patients with Depression
Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. The total dose of AMBIEN should not exceed 10 mg once daily In primarily depressed patients treated with sedative-hypnotics, worsening of depression, and suicidal
immediately before bedtime. AMBIEN should be taken as a single dose and should not be thoughts and actions (including completed suicides), have been reported. Suicidal tendencies may be
readministered during the same night. present in such patients and protective measures may be required. Intentional overdosage is more
The recommended initial doses for women and men are different because zolpidem clearance is lower common in this group of patients; therefore, the lowest number of tablets that is feasible should be
in women. prescribed for the patient at any one time.
2.2 Special Populations 5.7 Respiratory Depression
Elderly or debilitated patients may be especially sensitive to the effects of zolpidem tartrate. The Although studies with 10 mg zolpidem tartrate did not reveal respiratory depressant effects at hypnotic
recommended dose of AMBIEN in these patients is 5 mg once daily immediately before bedtime [see doses in healthy subjects or in patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. (COPD), a reduction in the Total Arousal Index, together with a reduction in lowest oxygen saturation
Patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment do not clear the drug as rapidly as normal subjects. and increase in the times of oxygen desaturation below 80% and 90%, was observed in patients with
The recommended dose of AMBIEN in these patients is 5 mg once daily immediately before bedtime. mild to moderate sleep apnea when treated with zolpidem compared to placebo. Since sedative-
Avoid AMBIEN use in patients with severe hepatic impairment as it may contribute to encephalopathy hypnotics have the capacity to depress respiratory drive, precautions should be taken if AMBIEN is
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. prescribed to patients with compromised respiratory function. Postmarketing reports of respiratory
2.3 Use with CNS Depressants insufficiency in patients receiving 10 mg of zolpidem tartrate, most of whom had pre-existing respiratory
Dosage adjustment may be necessary when AMBIEN is combined with other CNS-depressant drugs impairment, have been reported. The risk of respiratory depression should be considered prior to
because of the potentially additive effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. prescribing AMBIEN in patients with respiratory impairment including sleep apnea and myasthenia
2.4 Administration gravis.
The effect of AMBIEN may be slowed by ingestion with or immediately after a meal. 5.8 Precipitation of Hepatic Encephalopathy
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Drugs affecting GABA receptors, such as zolpidem tartrate, have been associated with precipitation of
AMBIEN is available in 5 mg and 10 mg strength tablets for oral administration. Tablets are not scored. hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatic insufficiency. In addition, patients with hepatic
AMBIEN 5 mg tablets are capsule-shaped, pink, film coated, with AMB 5 debossed on one side and insufficiency do not clear zolpidem tartrate as rapidly as patients with normal hepatic function. Avoid
5401 on the other. AMBIEN use in patients with severe hepatic impairment as it may contribute to encephalopathy [see
AMBIEN 10 mg tablets are capsule-shaped, white, film coated, with AMB 10 debossed on one side Dosage and Administration (2.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
and 5421 on the other. 5.9 Withdrawal Effects
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS There have been reports of withdrawal signs and symptoms following the rapid dose decrease or abrupt
AMBIEN is contraindicated in patients discontinuation of zolpidem. Monitor patients for tolerance, abuse, and dependence [see Drug Abuse
• who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking AMBIEN [see Warnings and and Dependence (9.2, 9.3)].
Precautions (5.1)]. 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
• with known hypersensitivity to zolpidem. Observed reactions include anaphylaxis and angioedema The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. • Complex Sleep Behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
5.1 Complex Sleep Behaviors • Serious Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
Complex sleep behaviors, including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while • Abnormal Thinking and Behavior Changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
not fully awake, may occur following the first or any subsequent use of AMBIEN. Patients can be • Withdrawal Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
seriously injured or injure others during complex sleep behaviors. Such injuries may result in a fatal 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
outcome. Other complex sleep behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment
having sex) have also been reported. Patients usually do not remember these events. Postmarketing Approximately 4% of 1,701 patients who received zolpidem at all doses (1.25 to 90 mg) in U.S.
reports have shown that complex sleep behaviors may occur with AMBIEN alone at recommended premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. Reactions most
doses, with or without the concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system (CNS) commonly associated with discontinuation from U.S. trials were daytime drowsiness (0.5%), dizziness
depressants [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Discontinue AMBIEN immediately if a patient experiences (0.4%), headache (0.5%), nausea (0.6%), and vomiting (0.5%).
a complex sleep behavior [see Contraindications (4)]. Approximately 4% of 1,959 patients who received zolpidem at all doses (1 to 50 mg) in similar foreign
5.2 CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. Reactions most commonly associated
AMBIEN, like other sedative-hypnotic drugs, has CNS-depressant effects. Coadministration with other with discontinuation from these trials were daytime drowsiness (1.1%), dizziness/vertigo (0.8%),
CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol) increases the risk amnesia (0.5%), nausea (0.5%), headache (0.4%), and falls (0.4%).
of CNS depression [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Dosage adjustments of AMBIEN and of other Data from a clinical study in which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-treated patients were
concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary when AMBIEN is administered with such agents given zolpidem revealed that four of the seven discontinuations during double-blind treatment with
because of the potentially additive effects. The use of AMBIEN with other sedative-hypnotics (including zolpidem (n=95) were associated with impaired concentration, continuing or aggravated depression,
other zolpidem products) at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended [see Dosage and and manic reaction; one patient treated with placebo (n=97) was discontinued after an attempted
Administration (2.3)]. suicide.
The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment, including impaired driving, is increased if AMBIEN is Most Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions in Controlled Trials
taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if a higher than the recommended During short-term treatment (up to 10 nights) with AMBIEN at doses up to 10 mg, the most commonly
dose is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants or alcohol; or if coadministered with other observed adverse reactions associated with the use of zolpidem and seen at statistically significant
drugs that increase the blood levels of zolpidem. Patients should be warned against driving and other differences from placebo-treated patients were drowsiness (reported by 2% of zolpidem patients),
activities requiring complete mental alertness if AMBIEN is taken in these circumstances [see Dosage dizziness (1%), and diarrhea (1%). During longer-term treatment (28 to 35 nights) with zolpidem at
and Administration (2), Clinical Studies (14.3)]. doses up to 10 mg, the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of
Vehicle drivers and machine operators should be warned that, as with other hypnotics, there may be zolpidem and seen at statistically significant differences from placebo-treated patients were dizziness
a possible risk of adverse reactions including drowsiness, prolonged reaction time, dizziness, (5%) and drugged feelings (3%).
sleepiness, blurred/double vision, reduced alertness, and impaired driving the morning after therapy. Adverse Reactions Observed at an Incidence of ≥1% in Controlled Trials
In order to minimize this risk a full night of sleep (7–8 hours) is recommended. The following tables enumerate treatment-emergent adverse reactions frequencies that were observed
Because AMBIEN can cause drowsiness and a decreased level of consciousness, patients, particularly at an incidence equal to 1% or greater among patients with insomnia who received zolpidem tartrate
the elderly, are at higher risk of falls. and at a greater incidence than placebo in U.S. placebo-controlled trials. Events reported by
5.3 Need to Evaluate for Comorbid Diagnoses investigators were classified utilizing a modified World Health Organization (WHO) dictionary of
Because sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric preferred terms for the purpose of establishing event frequencies. The prescriber should be aware that
disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after a careful evaluation of the these figures cannot be used to predict the incidence of side effects in the course of usual medical
2
practice, in which patient characteristics and other factors differ from those that prevailed in these Dose Relationship for Adverse Reactions
clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other There is evidence from dose comparison trials suggesting a dose relationship for many of the adverse
clinical investigators involving related drug products and uses, since each group of drug trials is reactions associated with zolpidem use, particularly for certain CNS and gastrointestinal adverse
conducted under a different set of conditions. However, the cited figures provide the physician with a events.
basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and nondrug factors to the incidence of side effects Adverse Event Incidence Across the Entire Preapproval Database
in the population studied. AMBIEN was administered to 3,660 subjects in clinical trials throughout the U.S., Canada, and Europe.
The following table was derived from results of 11 placebo-controlled short-term U.S. efficacy trials Treatment-emergent adverse events associated with clinical trial participation were recorded by clinical
involving zolpidem in doses ranging from 1.25 to 20 mg. The table is limited to data from doses up investigators using terminology of their own choosing. To provide a meaningful estimate of the
to and including 10 mg, the highest dose recommended for use. proportion of individuals experiencing treatment-emergent adverse events, similar types of untoward
events were grouped into a smaller number of standardized event categories and classified utilizing
Table 1: Incidences of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled a modified World Health Organization (WHO) dictionary of preferred terms.
Clinical Trials Lasting up to 10 Nights (percentage of patients reporting) The frequencies presented, therefore, represent the proportions of the 3,660 individuals exposed to
zolpidem, at all doses, who experienced an event of the type cited on at least one occasion while
Zolpidem Placebo receiving zolpidem. All reported treatment-emergent adverse events are included, except those already
Body System (≤10 mg) listed in the table above of adverse events in placebo-controlled studies, those coding terms that are
Adverse Reaction* (N=685) (N=473) so general as to be uninformative, and those events where a drug cause was remote. It is important
Central and Peripheral Nervous System to emphasize that, although the events reported did occur during treatment with AMBIEN, they were
not necessarily caused by it.
Headache 7 6 Adverse events are further classified within body system categories and enumerated in order of
decreasing frequency using the following definitions: frequent adverse events are defined as those
Drowsiness 2 - occurring in greater than 1/100 subjects; infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to
Dizziness 1 - 1/1,000 patients; rare events are those occurring in less than 1/1,000 patients.
Autonomic nervous system: Infrequent: increased sweating, pallor, postural hypotension, syncope.
Gastrointestinal System Rare: abnormal accommodation, altered saliva, flushing, glaucoma, hypotension, impotence, increased
saliva, tenesmus.
Diarrhea 1 - Body as a whole: Frequent: asthenia. Infrequent: edema, falling, fatigue, fever, malaise, trauma. Rare:
*Reactions reported by at least 1% of patients treated with AMBIEN and at a greater frequency than allergic reaction, allergy aggravated, anaphylactic shock, face edema, hot flashes, increased ESR,
placebo. pain, restless legs, rigors, tolerance increased, weight decrease.
Cardiovascular system: Infrequent: cerebrovascular disorder, hypertension, tachycardia. Rare:
The following table was derived from results of three placebo-controlled long-term efficacy trials angina pectoris, arrhythmia, arteritis, circulatory failure, extrasystoles, hypertension aggravated,
involving AMBIEN (zolpidem tartrate). These trials involved patients with chronic insomnia who were myocardial infarction, phlebitis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, varicose veins, ventricular
treated for 28 to 35 nights with zolpidem at doses of 5, 10, or 15 mg. The table is limited to data from tachycardia.
doses up to and including 10 mg, the highest dose recommended for use. The table includes only Central and peripheral nervous system: Frequent: ataxia, confusion, euphoria, headache, insomnia,
adverse events occurring at an incidence of at least 1% for zolpidem patients. vertigo. Infrequent: agitation, anxiety, decreased cognition, detached, difficulty concentrating, dysar-
thria, emotional lability, hallucination, hypoesthesia, illusion, leg cramps, migraine, nervousness,
Table 2: Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Experiences in Placebo-Controlled paresthesia, sleeping (after daytime dosing), speech disorder, stupor, tremor. Rare: abnormal gait,
Clinical Trials Lasting up to 35 Nights (percentage of patients reporting) abnormal thinking, aggressive reaction, apathy, appetite increased, decreased libido, delusion,
dementia, depersonalization, dysphasia, feeling strange, hypokinesia, hypotonia, hysteria, intoxicated
Zolpidem Placebo feeling, manic reaction, neuralgia, neuritis, neuropathy, neurosis, panic attacks, paresis, personality
Body System (≤10 mg)
Adverse Event* (N=152) (N=161)
disorder, somnambulism, suicide attempts, tetany, yawning.
Gastrointestinal system: Frequent: dyspepsia, hiccup, nausea. Infrequent: anorexia, constipation,
Autonomic Nervous System dysphagia, flatulence, gastroenteritis, vomiting. Rare: enteritis, eructation, esophagospasm, gastritis,
hemorrhoids, intestinal obstruction, rectal hemorrhage, tooth caries.
Dry mouth 3 1 Hematologic and lymphatic system: Rare: anemia, hyperhemoglobinemia, leukopenia, lymphade-
nopathy, macrocytic anemia, purpura, thrombosis.
Body as a Whole Immunologic system: Infrequent: infection. Rare: abscess herpes simplex herpes zoster, otitis
Allergy 4 1 externa, otitis media.
Liver and biliary system: Infrequent: abnormal hepatic function, increased SGPT. Rare: bilirubinemia,
Back Pain 3 2 increased SGOT.
Metabolic and nutritional: Infrequent: hyperglycemia, thirst. Rare: gout, hypercholesteremia, hyper-
Influenza-like symptoms 2 - lipidemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, increased BUN, periorbital edema.
Chest pain 1 - Musculoskeletal system: Frequent: arthralgia, myalgia. Infrequent: arthritis. Rare: arthrosis, muscle
weakness, sciatica, tendinitis.
Cardiovascular System Reproductive system: Infrequent: menstrual disorder, vaginitis. Rare: breast fibroadenosis, breast
Palpitation 2 - neoplasm, breast pain.
Respiratory system: Frequent: upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection. Infrequent:
Central and Peripheral Nervous System bronchitis, coughing, dyspnea, rhinitis. Rare: bronchospasm, respiratory depression, epistaxis, hypoxia,
laryngitis, pneumonia.
Drowsiness 8 5 Skin and appendages: Infrequent: pruritus. Rare: acne, bullous eruption, dermatitis, furunculosis,
Dizziness 5 1 injection-site inflammation, photosensitivity reaction, urticaria.
Special senses: Frequent: diplopia, vision abnormal. Infrequent: eye irritation, eye pain, scleritis, taste
Lethargy 3 1 perversion, tinnitus. Rare: conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, lacrimation abnormal, parosmia, photopsia.
Urogenital system: Frequent: urinary tract infection. Infrequent: cystitis, urinary incontinence. Rare:
Drugged feeling 3 - acute renal failure, dysuria, micturition frequency, nocturia, polyuria, pyelonephritis, renal pain, urinary
Lightheadedness 2 1 retention.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
Depression 2 1 The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of AMBIEN. Because
these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible
Abnormal dreams 1 - to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Amnesia 1 - Liver and biliary system: acute hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed liver injury with or without jaundice
(i.e., bilirubin >2 × ULN, alkaline phosphatase ≥2 × ULN, transaminase ≥5 × ULN).
Sleep disorder 1 - 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 CNS-Active Drugs
Gastrointestinal System CNS Depressants
Diarrhea 3 2 Coadministration of zolpidem with other CNS depressants increases the risk of CNS depression.
Concomitant use of zolpidem with these drugs may increase drowsiness and psychomotor impairment,
Abdominal pain 2 2 including impaired driving ability [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]. Zolpidem tartrate was
evaluated in healthy volunteers in single-dose interaction studies for several CNS drugs.
Constipation 2 1 Imipramine, Chlorpromazine
Respiratory System Imipramine in combination with zolpidem produced no pharmacokinetic interaction other than a 20%
decrease in peak levels of imipramine, but there was an additive effect of decreased alertness.
Sinusitis 4 2 Similarly, chlorpromazine in combination with zolpidem produced no pharmacokinetic interaction, but
Pharyngitis 3 1 there was an additive effect of decreased alertness and psychomotor performance [see Clinical
Pharmacology (12.3)].
Skin and Appendages Haloperidol
A study involving haloperidol and zolpidem revealed no effect of haloperidol on the pharmacokinetics
Rash 2 1 or pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. The lack of a drug interaction following single-dose administration
*Reactions reported by at least 1% of patients treated with AMBIEN and at a greater frequency than does not predict the absence of an effect following chronic administration [see Clinical Pharmacology
placebo. (12.3)].
3
Alcohol hallucinations were reported in 7% of the pediatric patients who received zolpidem; none of the pediatric
An additive adverse effect on psychomotor performance between alcohol and oral zolpidem was patients who received placebo reported hallucinations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Ten
demonstrated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]. patients on zolpidem (7.4%) discontinued treatment due to an adverse reaction.
Sertraline 8.5 Geriatric Use
Concomitant administration of zolpidem and sertraline increases exposure to zolpidem [see Clinical A total of 154 patients in U.S. controlled clinical trials and 897 patients in non-U.S. clinical trials who
Pharmacology (12.3)]. received zolpidem were ≥60 years of age. For a pool of U.S. patients receiving zolpidem at doses of
Fluoxetine ≤10 mg or placebo, there were three adverse reactions occurring at an incidence of at least 3% for
After multiple doses of zolpidem tartrate and fluoxetine an increase in the zolpidem half-life (17%) was zolpidem and for which the zolpidem incidence was at least twice the placebo incidence (i.e., they could
observed. There was no evidence of an additive effect in psychomotor performance [see Clinical be considered drug related).
Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.2 Drugs that Affect Drug Metabolism via Cytochrome P450
Some compounds known to induce or inhibit CYP3A may affect exposure to zolpidem. The effect of
drugs that induce or inhibit other P450 enzymes on the exposure to zolpidem is not known. Adverse Event Zolpidem Placebo
CYP3A4 Inducers Dizziness 3% 0%
Rifampin
Rifampin, a CYP3A4 inducer, significantly reduced the exposure to and the pharmacodynamic effects Drowsiness 5% 2%
of zolpidem. Use of Rifampin in combination with zolpidem may decrease the efficacy of zolpidem and
is not recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Diarrhea 3% 1%
St. John’s wort
Use of St. John’s wort, a CYP3A4 inducer, in combination with zolpidem may decrease blood levels A total of 30/1,959 (1.5%) non-U.S. patients receiving zolpidem reported falls, including 28/30 (93%)
of zolpidem and is not recommended. who were ≥70 years of age. Of these 28 patients, 23 (82%) were receiving zolpidem doses >10 mg.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors A total of 24/1,959 (1.2%) non-U.S. patients receiving zolpidem reported confusion, including 18/24
Ketoconazole (75%) who were ≥70 years of age. Of these 18 patients, 14 (78%) were receiving zolpidem doses >10
Ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, increased the exposure to and pharmacodynamic effects of mg.
zolpidem. Consideration should be given to using a lower dose of zolpidem when a potent CYP3A4 The dose of AMBIEN in elderly patients is 5 mg to minimize adverse effects related to impaired motor
inhibitor and zolpidem are given together [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. and/or cognitive performance and unusual sensitivity to sedative/hypnotic drugs [see Warnings and
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Precautions (5.2)].
8.1 Pregnancy 8.6 Gender Difference in Pharmacokinetics
Risk Summary Women clear zolpidem tartrate from the body at a lower rate than men. Cmax and AUC parameters of
Neonates born to mothers using zolpidem late in the third trimester of pregnancy have been reported zolpidem were approximately 45% higher at the same dose in female subjects compared with male
to experience symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation [see Clinical Considerations and Data]. subjects. Given the higher blood levels of zolpidem tartrate in women compared to men at a given dose,
Published data on the use of zolpidem during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with the recommended initial dose of AMBIEN for adult women is 5 mg, and the recommended dose for
zolpidem and major birth defects [see Data]. Oral administration of zolpidem to pregnant rats and adult men is 5 or 10 mg.
rabbits did not indicate a risk for adverse effects on fetal development at clinically relevant doses [see In geriatric patients, clearance of zolpidem is similar in men and women. The recommended dose of
Data]. AMBIEN in geriatric patients is 5 mg regardless of gender.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are 8.7 Hepatic Impairment
unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In The recommended dose of AMBIEN in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment is 5 mg once
the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in daily immediately before bedtime. Avoid AMBIEN use in patients with severe hepatic impairment as it
clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. may contribute to encephalopathy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions
Clinical Considerations (5.8), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Fetal/neonatal adverse reactions 9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Zolpidem crosses the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and sedation in neonates. 9.1 Controlled Substance
Monitor neonates exposed to AMBIEN during pregnancy and labor for signs of excess sedation, Zolpidem tartrate is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance by federal regulation.
hypotonia, and respiratory depression and manage accordingly. 9.2 Abuse
Data Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Abuse is
Human data characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other
Published data from observational studies, birth registries, and case reports on the use of zolpidem psychoactive substances. Tolerance is a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces
during pregnancy do not report a clear association with zolpidem and major birth defects. changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drug effects over time. Tolerance may occur
There are limited postmarketing reports of severe to moderate cases of respiratory depression that to both desired and undesired effects of drugs and may develop at different rates for different effects.
occurred after birth in neonates whose mothers had taken zolpidem during pregnancy. These cases
required artificial ventilation or intratracheal intubation. The majority of neonates recovered within hours Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental
to a few weeks after birth once treated. factors influencing its development and manifestations. It is characterized by behaviors that include one
Zolpidem has been shown to cross the placenta. or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm,
Animal data and craving. Drug addiction is a treatable disease, using a multidisciplinary approach, but relapse is
Oral administration of zolpidem to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis at 4, 20, and 100 common.
mg base/kg/day, which are approximately 5, 25, and 120 times the maximum recommended human Studies of abuse potential in former drug abusers found that the effects of single doses of zolpidem
dose (MRHD) of 10 mg/day (8 mg zolpidem base) based on mg/m2 body surface area, caused delayed tartrate 40 mg were similar, but not identical, to diazepam 20 mg, while zolpidem tartrate 10 mg was
fetal development (incomplete fetal skeletal ossification) at maternally toxic (ataxia) doses 25 and 120 difficult to distinguish from placebo.
times the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area. Because persons with a history of addiction to, or abuse of, drugs or alcohol are at increased risk for
Oral administration of zolpidem to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis at 1, 4, and 16 misuse, abuse and addiction of zolpidem, they should be monitored carefully when receiving zolpidem
mg base/kg/day, which are approximately 2.5, 10, and 40 times the MRHD of 10 mg/day (8 mg zolpidem or any other hypnotic.
base) based on mg/m2 body surface area caused embryo-fetal death and delayed fetal development 9.3 Dependence
(incomplete fetal skeletal ossification) at a maternally toxic (decreased body weight gain) dose 40 times Physical dependence is a state of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that
the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area. can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, and/or
Oral administration of zolpidem to pregnant rats from day 15 of gestation through lactation at 4, 20, administration of an antagonist.
and 100 mg base/kg/day, which are approximately 5, 25, and 120 times the MRHD of 10 mg/day (8 Sedative/hypnotics have produced withdrawal signs and symptoms following abrupt discontinuation.
mg zolpidem base) based on mg/m2 body surface area, delayed offspring growth and decreased These reported symptoms range from mild dysphoria and insomnia to a withdrawal syndrome that may
survival at doses 25 and 120 times, respectively, the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area. include abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, tremors, and convulsions. The following
8.2 Lactation adverse events, which are considered to meet the DSM-III-R criteria for uncomplicated sedative/
Risk Summary hypnotic withdrawal, were reported during U.S. clinical trials following placebo substitution occurring
Limited data from published literature report the presence of zolpidem in human milk. There are reports within 48 hours following last zolpidem treatment: fatigue, nausea, flushing, lightheadedness, uncon-
of excess sedation in infants exposed to zolpidem through breastmilk [see Clinical Considerations]. trolled crying, emesis, stomach cramps, panic attack, nervousness, and abdominal discomfort. These
There is no information on the effects of zolpidem on milk production. The developmental and health reported adverse events occurred at an incidence of 1% or less. However, available data cannot
benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for AMBIEN and provide a reliable estimate of the incidence, if any, of dependence during treatment at recommended
any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from AMBIEN or from the underlying maternal doses. Postmarketing reports of abuse, dependence and withdrawal have been received.
condition. 10 OVERDOSAGE
Clinical Considerations 10.1 Signs and Symptoms
Infants exposed to AMBIEN through breastmilk should be monitored for excess sedation, hypotonia, In postmarketing experience of overdose with zolpidem tartrate alone, or in combination with
and respiratory depression. A lactating woman may consider interrupting breastfeeding and pumping CNS-depressant agents, impairment of consciousness ranging from somnolence to coma, cardiovas-
and discarding breast milk during treatment and for 23 hours (approximately 5 elimination half-lives) cular and/or respiratory compromise, and fatal outcomes have been reported.
after AMBIEN administration in order to minimize drug exposure to a breast fed infant. 10.2 Recommended Treatment
8.4 Pediatric Use General symptomatic and supportive measures should be used along with immediate gastric lavage
AMBIEN is not recommended for use in children. Safety and effectiveness of zolpidem in pediatric where appropriate. Intravenous fluids should be administered as needed. Zolpidem’s sedative hypnotic
patients below the age of 18 years have not been established. effect was shown to be reduced by flumazenil and therefore may be useful; however, flumazenil
In an 8-week study in pediatric patients (aged 6–17 years) with insomnia associated with attention- administration may contribute to the appearance of neurological symptoms (convulsions). As in all
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) an oral solution of zolpidem tartrate dosed at 0.25 mg/kg at cases of drug overdose, respiration, pulse, blood pressure, and other appropriate signs should be
bedtime did not decrease sleep latency compared to placebo. Psychiatric and nervous system monitored and general supportive measures employed. Hypotension and CNS depression should be
disorders comprised the most frequent (>5%) treatment emergent adverse reactions observed with monitored and treated by appropriate medical intervention. Sedating drugs should be withheld following
zolpidem versus placebo and included dizziness (23.5% vs 1.5%), headache (12.5% vs 9.2%), and zolpidem overdosage, even if excitation occurs. The value of dialysis in the treatment of overdosage
4
has not been determined, although hemodialysis studies in patients with renal failure receiving pharmacokinetic interaction other than a 20% decrease in peak levels of imipramine, but there was an
therapeutic doses have demonstrated that zolpidem is not dialyzable. additive effect of decreased alertness. Similarly, chlorpromazine in combination with zolpidem produced
As with the management of all overdosage, the possibility of multiple drug ingestion should be no pharmacokinetic interaction, but there was an additive effect of decreased alertness and psycho-
considered. The physician may wish to consider contacting a poison control center for up-to-date motor performance.
information on the management of hypnotic drug product overdosage. A study involving haloperidol and zolpidem revealed no effect of haloperidol on the pharmacokinetics
11 DESCRIPTION or pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. The lack of a drug interaction following single-dose administration
AMBIEN contains zolpidem tartrate, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor positive modulator does not predict the absence of an effect following chronic administration.
of the imidazopyridine class. AMBIEN is available in 5 mg and 10 mg strength tablets for oral An additive adverse effect on psychomotor performance between alcohol and oral zolpidem was
administration. demonstrated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Chemically, zolpidem is N,N,6-trimethyl-2-p-tolylimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-acetamide L-(+)-tartrate (2:1). Following five consecutive nightly doses at bedtime of oral zolpidem tartrate 10 mg in the presence
It has the following structure: of sertraline 50 mg (17 consecutive daily doses, at 7:00 am, in healthy female volunteers), zolpidem
Cmax was significantly higher (43%) and Tmax was significantly decreased (-53%). Pharmacokinetics
of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline were unaffected by zolpidem.
A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem tartrate 10 mg and fluoxetine 20 mg at steady-state levels
in male volunteers did not demonstrate any clinically significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic
interactions. When multiple doses of zolpidem and fluoxetine were given at steady state and the
concentrations evaluated in healthy females, an increase in the zolpidem half-life (17%) was observed.
There was no evidence of an additive effect in psychomotor performance.
Drugs that affect drug metabolism via cytochrome P450
Some compounds known to inhibit CYP3A may increase exposure to zolpidem. The effect of inhibitors
of other P450 enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem is unknown.
A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem tartrate 10 mg and itraconazole 200 mg at steady-state
Zolpidem tartrate is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water, alcohol, levels in male volunteers resulted in a 34% increase in AUC0–∞ of zolpidem tartrate. There were no
and propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 764.88. pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem detected on subjective drowsiness, postural sway, or psycho-
Each AMBIEN tablet includes the following inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, motor performance.
magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate, and A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem tartrate 10 mg and rifampin 600 mg at steady-state levels
titanium dioxide. The 5 mg tablet also contains FD&C Red No. 40, iron oxide colorant, and polysorbate in female subjects showed significant reductions of the AUC (-73%), Cmax (-58%), and T1/2 (-36 %) of
80. zolpidem together with significant reductions in the pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem tartrate.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Rifampin, a CYP3A4 inducer, significantly reduced the exposure to and the pharmacodynamic effects
12.1 Mechanism of Action of zolpidem [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Zolpidem is a GABA A receptor positive modulator presumed to exert its therapeutic effects in the Similarly, St. John’s wort, a CYP3A4 inducer, may also decrease the blood levels of zolpidem.
short-term treatment of insomnia through binding to the benzodiazepine site of α1 subunit containing A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem tartrate 5 mg and ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4
GABA A receptors, increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening resulting in the inhibition of inhibitor, given as 200 mg twice daily for 2 days increased Cmax of zolpidem (30%) and the total AUC
neuronal excitation. of zolpidem (70%) compared to zolpidem alone and prolonged the elimination half-life (30 %) along
12.2 Pharmacodynamics with an increase in the pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Zolpidem binds to GABA A receptors with greater affinity for α1 subunit relative to α2 and α3 subunit Additionally, fluvoxamine (a strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9)
containing receptors. Zolpidem has no appreciable binding affinity for α5 subunit containing GABA A and ciprofloxacin (a strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4) are also likely
receptors. This binding profile may explain the relative absence of myorelaxant effects in animal to inhibit zolpidem’s metabolic pathways, potentially leading to an increase in zolpidem exposure.
studies. Zolpidem has no appreciable binding affinity for dopaminergic D2, serotonergic 5HT2, Other drugs with no interactions with zolpidem
adrenergic, histaminergic or muscarinic receptors. A study involving cimetidine/zolpidem tartrate and ranitidine/zolpidem tartrate combinations revealed no
12.3 Pharmacokinetics effect of either drug on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of zolpidem.
The pharmacokinetic profile of AMBIEN is characterized by rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal Zolpidem tartrate had no effect on digoxin pharmacokinetics and did not affect prothrombin time when
tract and a short elimination half-life (T1/2) in healthy subjects. given with warfarin in healthy subjects.
In a single-dose crossover study in 45 healthy subjects administered 5 and 10 mg zolpidem tartrate 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
tablets, the mean peak concentrations (Cmax) were 59 (range: 29 to 113) and 121 (range: 58 to 272) 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
ng/mL, respectively, occurring at a mean time (Tmax) of 1.6 hours for both. The mean AMBIEN Carcinogenesis
elimination half-life was 2.6 (range: 1.4 to 4.5) and 2.5 (range: 1.4 to 3.8) hours, for the 5 and 10 mg
tablets, respectively. AMBIEN is converted to inactive metabolites that are eliminated primarily by renal Zolpidem was administered to mice and rats for 2 years at oral doses of 4, 18, and 80 mg base/kg/day.
excretion. AMBIEN demonstrated linear kinetics in the dose range of 5 to 20 mg. Total protein binding In mice, these doses are approximately 2.5, 10, and 50 times the MRHD of 10 mg/day (8 mg zolpidem
was found to be 92.5 ± 0.1% and remained constant, independent of concentration between 40 and base) based on mg/m2 body surface area and in rats, these doses are approximately 5, 20, and 100
790 ng/mL. Zolpidem did not accumulate in young adults following nightly dosing with 20 mg zolpidem times the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area. No evidence of carcinogenic potential was
tartrate tablets for 2 weeks. observed in mice. In rats, renal tumors (lipoma, liposarcoma) were seen at the mid and high doses.
A food-effect study in 30 healthy male subjects compared the pharmacokinetics of AMBIEN 10 mg when Mutagenesis
administered while fasting or 20 minutes after a meal. Results demonstrated that with food, mean AUC Zolpidem was negative in in vitro (bacterial reverse mutation, mouse lymphoma, and chromosomal
and Cmax were decreased by 15% and 25%, respectively, while mean Tmax was prolonged by 60% aberration) and in vivo (mouse micronucleus) genetic toxicology assays.
(from 1.4 to 2.2 hr). The half-life remained unchanged. These results suggest that, for faster sleep Impairment of Fertility
onset, AMBIEN should not be administered with or immediately after a meal. Zolpidem was administered to rats at 4, 20, and 100 mg base/kg/day, which are approximately 5, 25,
Special Populations and 120 times the MRHD of 10 mg/day (8 mg zolpidem base) based on mg/m2 body surface area,
Elderly prior to and during mating, and continuing in females through postpartum day 25. Zolpidem caused
In the elderly, the dose for AMBIEN should be 5 mg [see Warnings and Precautions (5), Dosage and irregular estrus cycles and prolonged precoital intervals at the highest dose tested, which is
Administration (2)]. This recommendation is based on several studies in which the mean Cmax, T1/2, approximately 120 times the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area. The NOAEL for these effects
and AUC were significantly increased when compared to results in young adults. In one study of eight is 25 times the MRHD based on a mg/m2 body surface area. There was no impairment of fertility at
elderly subjects (>70 years), the means for Cmax, T1/2, and AUC significantly increased by 50% (255 any dose tested.
vs 384 ng/mL), 32% (2.2 vs 2.9 hr), and 64% (955 vs 1,562 ng·hr/mL), respectively, as compared to 14 CLINICAL STUDIES
younger adults (20 to 40 years) following a single 20 mg oral dose. AMBIEN did not accumulate in 14.1 Transient Insomnia
elderly subjects following nightly oral dosing of 10 mg for 1 week. Normal adults experiencing transient insomnia (n=462) during the first night in a sleep laboratory were
Hepatic impairment evaluated in a double-blind, parallel group, single-night trial comparing two doses of zolpidem (7.5 and
The pharmacokinetics of AMBIEN in eight patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency was compared to 10 mg) and placebo. Both zolpidem doses were superior to placebo on objective (polysomnographic)
results in healthy subjects. Following a single 20 mg oral zolpidem tartrate dose, mean Cmax and AUC measures of sleep latency, sleep duration, and number of awakenings.
were found to be two times (250 vs 499 ng/mL) and five times (788 vs 4,203 ng·hr/mL) higher, Normal elderly adults (mean age 68) experiencing transient insomnia (n=35) during the first two nights
respectively, in hepatically compromised patients. Tmax did not change. The mean half-life in cirrhotic in a sleep laboratory were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover, 2-night trial comparing four doses
patients of 9.9 hr (range: 4.1 to 25.8 hr) was greater than that observed in normal subjects of 2.2 hr of zolpidem (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg) and placebo. All zolpidem doses were superior to placebo on the
(range: 1.6 to 2.4 hr) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.8), Use in two primary PSG parameters (sleep latency and efficiency) and all four subjective outcome measures
Specific Populations (8.7)]. (sleep duration, sleep latency, number of awakenings, and sleep quality).
Renal impairment 14.2 Chronic Insomnia
The pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tartrate was studied in 11 patients with end-stage renal failure (mean Zolpidem was evaluated in two controlled studies for the treatment of patients with chronic insomnia
ClCr = 6.5 ± 1.5 mL/min) undergoing hemodialysis three times a week, who were dosed with zolpidem (most closely resembling primary insomnia, as defined in the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
tartrate 10 mg orally each day for 14 or 21 days. No statistically significant differences were observed of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV™). Adult outpatients with chronic insomnia (n=75) were evaluated in a
for Cmax, Tmax, half-life, and AUC between the first and last day of drug administration when baseline double-blind, parallel group, 5-week trial comparing two doses of zolpidem tartrate and placebo. On
concentration adjustments were made. Zolpidem was not hemodialyzable. No accumulation of objective (polysomnographic) measures of sleep latency and sleep efficiency, zolpidem 10 mg was
unchanged drug appeared after 14 or 21 days. Zolpidem pharmacokinetics was not significantly superior to placebo on sleep latency for the first 4 weeks and on sleep efficiency for weeks 2 and 4.
different in renally impaired patients. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with compromised Zolpidem was comparable to placebo on number of awakenings at both doses studied.
renal function. Adult outpatients (n=141) with chronic insomnia were also evaluated, in a double-blind, parallel group,
Drug Interactions 4-week trial comparing two doses of zolpidem and placebo. Zolpidem 10 mg was superior to placebo
CNS depressants on a subjective measure of sleep latency for all 4 weeks, and on subjective measures of total sleep
Coadministration of zolpidem with other CNS depressants increases the risk of CNS depression [see time, number of awakenings, and sleep quality for the first treatment week.
Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Zolpidem tartrate was evaluated in healthy volunteers in single-dose Increased wakefulness during the last third of the night as measured by polysomnography has not been
interaction studies for several CNS drugs. Imipramine in combination with zolpidem produced no observed in clinical trials with AMBIEN.
5
14.3 Studies Pertinent to Safety Concerns for Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs Lactation
Next-Day Residual Effects Advise breastfeeding mothers using AMBIEN to monitor infants for increased sleepiness, breathing
Next-day residual effects of AMBIEN were evaluated in seven studies involving normal subjects. In difficulties, or limpness. Instruct breastfeeding mothers to seek immediate medical care if they notice
three studies in adults (including one study in a phase advance model of transient insomnia) and in these signs. A lactating woman may consider pumping and discarding breastmilk during treatment and
one study in elderly subjects, a small but statistically significant decrease in performance was observed for 23 hours after AMBIEN administration to minimize drug exposure to a breastfed infant [see Use in
in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) when compared to placebo. Studies of AMBIEN in Specific Populations (8.2)].
non-elderly patients with insomnia did not detect evidence of next-day residual effects using the DSST,
the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and patient ratings of alertness.
Rebound Effects MEDICATION GUIDE
There was no objective (polysomnographic) evidence of rebound insomnia at recommended doses AMBIEN® (ām’bē–ən)
seen in studies evaluating sleep on the nights following discontinuation of AMBIEN (zolpidem tartrate). (zolpidem tartrate) tablets C-IV
There was subjective evidence of impaired sleep in the elderly on the first post-treatment night at doses
above the recommended elderly dose of 5 mg. Read the Medication Guide that comes with AMBIEN before you start
Memory Impairment taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information.
Controlled studies in adults utilizing objective measures of memory yielded no consistent evidence of This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking to your
next-day memory impairment following the administration of AMBIEN. However, in one study involving healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment.
zolpidem doses of 10 and 20 mg, there was a significant decrease in next-morning recall of information
presented to subjects during peak drug effect (90 minutes post dose), i.e., these subjects experienced What is the most important information I should know about
anterograde amnesia. There was also subjective evidence from adverse event data for anterograde AMBIEN?
amnesia occurring in association with the administration of AMBIEN, predominantly at doses above 10
mg. • Do not take more AMBIEN than prescribed.
Effects on Sleep Stages • Do not take AMBIEN unless you are able to stay in bed a full
In studies that measured the percentage of sleep time spent in each sleep stage, AMBIEN has generally night (7 to 8 hours) before you must be active again.
been shown to preserve sleep stages. Sleep time spent in stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) was found
comparable to placebo with only inconsistent, minor changes in REM (paradoxical) sleep at the • Take AMBIEN right before you get in bed, not sooner.
recommended dose. AMBIEN may cause serious side effects, including:
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
AMBIEN 5 mg tablets are capsule-shaped, pink, film coated, with AMB 5 debossed on one side and • complex sleep behaviors that have caused serious injury and
5401 on the other and supplied as: death. After taking AMBIEN, you may get up out of bed while not
being fully awake and do an activity that you do not know you are
doing (complex sleep behaviors). The next morning, you may not
NDC Number Size
0024-5401-31 bottle of 100 remember that you did anything during the night. These activities
may occur with AMBIEN whether or not you drink alcohol or take
AMBIEN 10 mg tablets are capsule-shaped, white, film coated, with AMB 10 debossed on one side other medicines that make you sleepy. Reported activities include:
and 5421 on the other and supplied as:
„ driving a car (″sleep-driving″)
„ making and eating food
NDC Number Size „ talking on the phone
0024-5421-31 bottle of 100
„ having sex
Store at controlled room temperature 20°C–25°C (68°F–77°F). „ sleep-walking
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Stop taking AMBIEN and call your healthcare provider right away
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Inform patients and their families about the benefits and risks of treatment with AMBIEN. Inform patients if you find out that you have done any of the above activities after
of the availability of a Medication Guide and instruct them to read the Medication Guide prior to initiating taking AMBIEN.
treatment with AMBIEN and with each prescription refill. Review the AMBIEN Medication Guide with Do not take AMBIEN if you:
every patient prior to initiation of treatment. Instruct patients or caregivers that AMBIEN should be taken
only as prescribed. • have ever experienced a complex sleep behavior (such as driving
Complex Sleep Behaviors a car, making and eating food, talking on the phone, or having sex
Instruct patients and their families that AMBIEN may cause complex sleep behaviors, including while not being fully awake) after taking AMBIEN.
sleep-walking, sleep-driving, preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex while not • drank alcohol that evening or before bed
being fully awake. Serious injuries and death have occurred during complex sleep behavior episodes.
Tell patients to discontinue AMBIEN and notify their healthcare provider immediately if they develop any • took another medicine to help you sleep
of these symptoms [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. What is AMBIEN?
CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment AMBIEN is a sedative-hypnotic (sleep) medicine. AMBIEN is used in
Tell patients that AMBIEN has the potential to cause next-day impairment, and that this risk is increased
if dosing instructions are not carefully followed. Tell patients to wait for at least 8 hours after dosing adults for the short-term treatment of a sleep problem called insomnia
before driving or engaging in other activities requiring full mental alertness. Inform patients that (trouble falling asleep).
impairment can be present despite feeling fully awake. Advise patients that increased drowsiness and AMBIEN is not recommended for use in children under the age of 18
decreased consciousness may increase the risk of falls in some patients [see Warnings and years.
Precautions (5.2)].
Severe Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions
Inform patients that severe anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have occurred with zolpidem.
Describe the signs/symptoms of these reactions and advise patients to seek medical attention AMBIEN is a federally controlled substance (C-IV) because it can
immediately if any of them occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. be abused or lead to dependence. Keep AMBIEN in a safe place
Suicide
Tell patients to immediately report any suicidal thoughts.
to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away AMBIEN may
Alcohol and other Drugs harm others, and is against the law. Tell your healthcare provider if
Ask patients about alcohol consumption, medicines they are taking, and drugs they may be taking you have ever abused or have been dependent on alcohol,
without a prescription. Advise patients not to use AMBIEN if they drank alcohol that evening or before prescription medicines or street drugs.
bed.
Tolerance, Abuse, and Dependence
Tell patients not to increase the dose of AMBIEN on their own, and to inform you if they believe the Who should not take AMBIEN?
drug ″does not work.″ • Do not take AMBIEN if you are allergic to zolpidem or any other
Administration Instructions ingredients in AMBIEN. See the end of this Medication Guide for a
Patients should be counseled to take AMBIEN right before they get into bed and only when they are complete list of ingredients in AMBIEN.
able to stay in bed a full night (7–8 hours) before being active again. AMBIEN tablets should not be
taken with or immediately after a meal. Advise patients NOT to take AMBIEN if they drank alcohol that • Do not take AMBIEN if you have had an allergic reaction to drugs
evening. containing zolpidem, such as Ambien CR, Edluar, Zolpimist, or
Pregnancy Intermezzo.
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant
during treatment with AMBIEN. Advise patients that use of AMBIEN late in the third trimester may cause Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction to zolpidem can include:
respiratory depression and sedation in neonates. Advise mothers who used AMBIEN during the late
third trimester of pregnancy to monitor neonates for signs of sleepiness (more than usual), breathing • swelling of your face, lips, and throat that may cause difficulty
difficulties, or limpness [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. breathing or swallowing
6
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking AMBIEN? • nervousness
AMBIEN may not be right for you. Before starting AMBIEN, tell your • stomach area pain
healthcare provider about all of your health conditions, including These are not all the side effects of AMBIEN. Ask your healthcare
if you: provider or pharmacist for more information.
• have a history of depression, mental illness, or suicidal thoughts Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report
• have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or addiction side effects to FDA at 1–800–FDA–1088.
• have kidney or liver disease How should I store AMBIEN?
• have a lung disease or breathing problems • Store AMBIEN at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• are pregnant, planning to become pregnant. Talk to your healthcare Keep AMBIEN and all medicines out of reach of children.
provider about the risk to your unborn baby if you take AMBIEN. General Information about the safe and effective use of AMBIEN
• Using AMBIEN in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those
breathing difficulties or excess sleepiness in your newborn. Monitor listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use AMBIEN for a condition for
for signs of sleepiness (more than usual), trouble breathing, or which it was not prescribed. Do not share AMBIEN with other people,
limpness in the newborn if AMBIEN is taken late in pregnancy. even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them
• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. AMBIEN passes into your and it is against the law.
breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information
feed your baby while you take AMBIEN. about AMBIEN. If you would like more information, talk with your
Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines you take, healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist
including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins and for information about AMBIEN that is written for healthcare profession-
herbal supplements. als.
Medicines can interact with each other, sometimes causing serious side For more information, call 1-800-633-1610.
effects. Do not take AMBIEN with other medicines that can make What are the ingredients in AMBIEN?
you sleepy unless your healthcare provider tells you to. Active Ingredient: Zolpidem tartrate
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines with you to Inactive Ingredients: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magne-
show your healthcare provider and pharmacist each time you get a new sium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium
medicine. starch glycolate, and titanium dioxide. In addition, the 5 mg tablet
How should I take AMBIEN? contains FD&C Red No. 40, iron oxide colorant, and polysorbate 80.
• See ″What is the most important information I should know This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
about AMBIEN?″ Administration.
• Take AMBIEN exactly as prescribed. Only take 1 AMBIEN tablet a
night if needed. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
• Do not take AMBIEN if you drank alcohol that evening or before bed. Bridgewater, NJ 08807
• You should not take AMBIEN with or right after a meal. AMBIEN may A SANOFI COMPANY
help you fall asleep faster if you take it on an empty stomach.
• Call your healthcare provider if your insomnia worsens or is not Revised: August 2019
better within 7 to 10 days. This may mean that there is another
condition causing your sleep problem. ©2019 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
• If you take too much AMBIEN or overdose, get emergency treat-
ment. ZOL-FPLR-SL-AUG19 Rx Only
What are the possible side effects of AMBIEN?
AMBIEN may cause serious side effects, including:
• getting out of bed while not being fully awake and do an activity
that you do not know you are doing. See ″What is the most
important information I should know about AMBIEN?″
• abnormal thoughts and behavior. Symptoms include more out-
going or aggressive behavior than normal, confusion, agitation,
hallucinations, worsening of depression, and suicidal thoughts or
actions.
• memory loss
• anxiety
• severe allergic reactions. Symptoms include swelling of the
tongue or throat, and trouble breathing. Get emergency medical
help if you get these symptoms after taking AMBIEN.
Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the
above side effects or any other side effects that worry you while
using AMBIEN.
The most common side effects of AMBIEN are:
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• diarrhea
• grogginess or feeling as if you have been drugged
After you stop taking a sleep medicine, you may have symptoms for
1 to 2 days such as:
• trouble sleeping
• nausea
• flushing
• lightheadedness
• uncontrolled crying
• vomiting
• stomach cramps
• panic attack
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