Best Approach

AIM IIT-JEE 2020

 KEY CONCEPTS
1. DEFINITIONS:
A VECTOR may be described as a quantity having both magnitude & direction. A vector is generally

represented by a directed line segment, say AB . A is called the initial point & B is called the terminal
 
point. The magnitude of vector AB is expressed by  AB .
ZERO VECTOR a vector of zero magnitude i.e.which has the same initial & terminal point, is called a
ZERO VECTOR. It is denoted by O.
 
UNIT VECTOR a vector of unit magnitude in direction of a vector a is called unit vector along a and is

a
denoted by â symbolically â   .
a
EQUAL VECTORS two vectors are said to be equal if they have the same magnitude, direction & represent
the same physical quantity.
COLLINEAR VECTORS two vectors are said to be collinear if their directed line segments are parallel
disregards to their direction. Collinear vectors are also called PARALLEL VECTORS. If they have the same
direction they are named as like vectors otherwise unlike vectors.
   
Simbolically, two non zero vectors a and b are collinear if and only if, a  K b ,
where K  R
COPLANAR VECTORS a given number of vectors are called coplanar if their line segments are all parallel
to the same plane. Note that “TWO VECTORS ARE ALWAYS COPLANAR”.

POSITION VECTOR let O be a fixed origin, then the position vector of a point P is the vector OP . If
 
a & b & position vectors of two point A and B, then ,
  
AB = b  a = pv of B  pv of A .
2. VECTOR ADDITION :
     
 If two vectors a & b are represented by OA & OB , then their sum a  b is a vector represented

by OC , where OC is the diagonal of the parallelogram OACB.
         
 a  b  b  a (commutative) (a  b)  c  a  ( b  c) (associativity)
         
 a  0a 0  a  a  (  a )  0  (  a )  a
3. MULTIPLICATION OF VECTOR BY SCALARS :
  
If a is a vector & m is a scalar, then m a is a vector parallel to a whose modulus is m times that of
  
a . This multiplication is called SCALAR MULTIPLICATION. If a & b are vectors & m, n are scalars, then:
     
m ( a )  ( a )m  m a m ( n a )  n ( m a )  ( mn ) a
      
( m  n )a  m a  n a m (a  b ) m a  m b
4. SECTION FORMULA :
 
If a & b are the position vectors of two points A & B then the p.v. of a point which divides AB in the
   
 na  mb ab
ratio m : n is given by : r  . Note p.v. of mid point of AB = .
mn 2

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5. DIRECTION COSINES :

Let a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ the angles which this vector makes with the +ve directions OX,OY & OZ are
called DIRECTION ANGLES & their cosines are called the DIRECTION COSINES .
a a a
cos   1 , cos   2 , cos   3 . Note that, cos² + cos²  + cos²  = 1
a a a

6. VECTOR EQUATION OF A LINE :

Parametric vector equation of a line passing through two point
     
A (a ) & B( b) is given by, r  a  t ( b  a ) where t is a

parameter. If the line passes through the point A( a ) & is
   
parallel to the vector b then its equation is, r  a  t b
Note that the equations of the bisectors of the angles between
     
the lines r = a +  b & r = a +  c is :
   
r = a + t b  c
  & r = a + p c  b .  
7. TEST OF COLLINEARITY :
  
Three points A,B,C with position vectors a , b, c respectively are collinear, if & only if there exist scalars
  
x , y , z not all zero simultaneously such that ; xa  yb  zc  0 , where x + y + z = 0.

8. SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS :

  
 a.b  a b cos (0    ) ,
 
note that if  is acute then a.b > 0 & if  is obtuse then a.b < 0
  2          
 a.a  a a 2 ,a.bb.a (commutative)  a . (b  c)  a . b  a . c (distributive)
    
 a.b  0  a  b ( a  0 b  0)
 î . î  ˆj. ˆj  k̂ . k̂  1 ; î . ĵ  ĵ. k̂  k̂ . î  0

  a.b
 projection of a on b   .
b
  a  b  
  
    a  b 
Note: That vector component of a along b =    b and perpendicular to b = a –
2
 2 b.
 b   b 
  
 a.b
 the angle  between a & b is given by cos     0 
a b
  
 if a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ & b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ then a .b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3
 
a  a 12  a 2 2  a 3 2 , b  b12  b 2 2  b 3 2
Note :
   
(i) Maximum value of a . b =  a  b 
     
(ii) Minimum values of a . b = a . b =   a  b 

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     
(iii) Any vector a can be written as , a = a . i i  a . j j  a . k k .
     
 
  a b
(iv) A vector in the direction of the bisector of the angle between the two vectors a & b is    . Hence
a b
 
bisector of the angle between the two vectors a & b is  a  b , where  R+. Bisector of the
 
 
exterior angle between a & b is  a  b ,  R+ .
 
9. VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS :
      
(i) If a & b are two vectors &  is the angle between them then a  b  a b sin  n ,
     
where n is the unit vector perpendicular to both a & b such that a , b & n forms a
right handed screw system .
   
    2  2  2   2 a .a a .b
(ii) Lagranges Identity : for any two vectors a & b ;(a x b)  a b  (a . b)     
a .b b.b
(iii) Formulation of vector product in terms of scalar product:
  
The vector product a x b is the vector c , such that
      
(i) | c | = a 2 b 2  (a  b) 2 (ii) c  a = 0; c  b =0 and
  
(iii) a , b, c form a right handed system
       
(iv) a  b  0  a & b are parallel (collinear) ( a  0 , b  0 ) i.e. a  K b , where K is a scalar..
 
 a  b  b  a (not commutative)
     
 ( ma )  b  a  ( mb)  m (a  b) where m is a scalar .
      
 a  (b  c)  (a  b)  (a  c) (distributive)
 î  î  ˆj  ĵ  k̂  k̂  0  î  ˆj  k̂ , ˆj  k̂  î, k̂  î  ĵ

î ˆj k̂
   
(v) If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ & b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ then a  b  a1 a 2 a3
b1 b 2 b3
 
(vi) Geometrically a  b = area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent sides are
 
represented by a & b .
 
  ab
(vii) Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a & b is n̂    
ab
 

  r ab
A vector of magnitude ‘r’ & perpendicular to the palne of a & b is   
 
ab
 
  ab
 If  is the angle between a & b then sin    
a b

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(viii) Vector area
  
 If a , b & c are the pv’s of 3 points A, B & C then the vector area of triangle ABC =
1        
a x b  b x c  cx a . The points A, B & C are collinear if a x b  b x c  cx a  0
 
2
  1  
 Area of any quadrilateral whose diagonal vectors are d 1 & d 2 is given by d1 x d 2
2

10. SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO LINES :

If two lines in space intersect at a point, then obviously the shortest distance between them is zero. Lines
which do not intersect & are also not parallel are called SKEW LINES. For Skew lines the direction of
the shortest distance would be perpendicular to both the lines. The magnitude of the shortest distance

vector would be equal to that of the projection of AB along the direction of the line of shortest distance,
        
LM is parallel to p x q i.e. LM  Pr ojection of AB on LM = Pr ojection of AB on p x q

      
AB . ( p xq) (b  a ) . (p x q )
=     
pxq pxq
 
1. The two lines directed along p & q will intersect only if shortest distance = 0 i.e.
          
    
( b  a ).(p x q)  0 i.e. b  a lies in the plane containing p & q .  b  a p q  0 .
  
      b x(a 2  a 1 )
2. If two lines are given by r1  a 1  Kb & r2  a 2  Kb i.e. they are parallel then , d  
b
11. SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT / BOX PRODUCT / MIXED PRODUCT :
  
 The scalar triple product of three vectors a , b & c is defined as :
      
a x b .c  a b c sin  cos  where  is the angle between a & b &  is the angle between a  b & c .


It is also defined as [ a b c ] , spelled as box product .
 Scalar triple product geometrically represents the volume of the parallelopiped whose three couterminous
   
edges are represented by a , b & c i . e . V  [ a b c ]
 In a scalar triple product the position of dot & cross can be interchanged i.e.
        
a . ( b x c )  ( a x b ) .c OR [ a b c ]  [ b c a ]  [ c a b ]
       
 a . (b x c)   a .( c x b) i. e. [ a b c ]   [ a c b ]

a a a
   
1 2 3

 ˆ
If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ ; b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ & c  c1î  c 2 j  c 3k̂ then [a b c]  b 1 b 2 b 3 .
c1 c2 c3
           
In general , if a  a 1 l  a 2 m  a 3 n ; b  b1 l  b 2 m  b 3n & c  c1 l  c2 m  c3n

a1 a2 a3
     
 
then a b c  b1 b2 b3  l mn  ; where  , m & n are non coplanar vectors .
c1 c2 c3
   
 If a , b , c are coplanar  [ a b c ]  0 .

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 
 Scalar product of three vectors, two of which are equal or parallel is 0 i.e. [ a b c ]  0 ,
   
Note : If a , b , c are non  coplanar then [ a b c ]  0 for right handed system &

[ a b c ]  0 for left handed system .
      
 [i j k] = 1  [ K a b c ]  K[ a b c ]  [ (a  b) c d ]  [ a c d ]  [ b c d ]
  
 The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as origin & the pv’s of A, B and C being a , b & c
1 
respectively is given by V  [a b c]
6
   
 The positon vector of the centroid of a tetrahedron if the pv’s of its angular vertices are a , b , c & d are
1    
given by [a  b  c  d] .
4
Note that this is also the point of concurrency of the lines joining the vertices to the centroids of the
opposite faces and is also called the centre of the tetrahedron. In case the tetrahedron is regular it is
equidistant from the vertices and the four faces of the tetrahedron .
             

Remember that : a  b b  c c  a = 0  &  ab  
b c ca = 2 a b c . 
*12. VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT :
     
Let a , b , c be any three vectors, then the expression a  ( b  c ) is a vector & is called a vector
triple product .
  
GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF a  ( b  c )
  
Consider the expression a  ( b  c ) which itself is a vector, since it is a cross product of two vectors
          
a & ( b x c ) . Now a x ( b x c ) is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing a & ( b x c ) but b x c
    
is a vector perpendicular to the plane b & c , therefore a x ( b x c ) is a vector lies in the plane of
       
b & c and perpendicular to a . Hence we can express a x ( b x c ) in terms of b & c
    
i.e. a x ( b x c ) = xb  yc where x & y are scalars .
                 
 a x ( b x c ) = (a . c) b  (a . b) c  (a x b) x c = (a . c) b  (b . c) a
     
 (a x b) x c  a x ( b x c)
13. LINEAR COMBINATIONS / Linearly Independence and Dependence of Vectors :
      
Given a finite set of vectors a , b , c ,...... then the vector r  x a  y b  z c  ........ is called a linear
  
combination of a , b , c ,...... for any x, y, z ...... R. We have the following results :
 
(a) FUNDAMENTALTHEOREM IN PLANE : Let a ,b be non zero , non collinear vectors . Then any vector r
 
coplanar wit h a ,b can be expressed uniquely as a linear combinatio n of a ,b
  
i.e. There exist some unique x,y  R such that x a  yb r .
  
(b) FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM IN SPACE : Let a , b , c be nonzero, noncoplanar vectors in space. Then
   
any vector r , can be uniquily expressed as a linear combination of a , b , c i.e. There exist some unique
   
x,y  R such that x a  y b  z c  r .

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   
(c) If x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are n non zero vectors, & k1, k2, .....kn are n scalars & if the linear combination
     
k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ........ k n x n  0  k 1  0 ,k 2  0 ..... k n  0 then we say that vectors x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n
are LINEARLY INDEPENDENT VECTORS .
  
(d) If x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are not LINEARLY INDEPENDENT then they are said to be LINEARLY DEPENDENT
  
vectors . i.e. if k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ........  k n x n  0 & if there exists at least one kr  0 then
  
x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are said to be LINEARLY DEPENDENT .
Note :
  
 If a = 3i + 2j + 5k then a is expressed as a LINEAR COMBINATION of vectors î, ˆj, k̂ . Also , a , î, ˆj, k̂
form a linearly dependent set of vectors. In general , every set of four vectors is a linearly dependent
system.
 î , ĵ , k̂ are LINEARLY INDEPENDENT set of vectors. For
K1î  K 2ˆj  K 3k̂  0 K1 = 0 = K2 = K3.
     
 Two vectors a & b are linearly dependent  a is parallel to b i.e. a x b  0 linear dependence of
     
a & b . Conversely if a x b  0 then a & b are linearly independent .
     
 If three vectors a , b , c are linearly dependent, then they are coplanar i.e. [ a , b, c ]  0 , conversely, if
  
[ a , b, c ]  0 , then the vectors are linearly independent.

14. COPLANARITY OF VECTORS :

   
Four points A, B, C, D with position vectors a , b , c , d respectively are coplanar if and only if there exist
   
scalars x, y, z, w not all zero simultaneously such that x a+ y b + z c + w d = 0 where, x + y + z + w = 0.
15. RECIPROCAL SYSTEM OF VECTORS :
           
If a , b , c & a ' ,b ' ,c ' are two sets of non coplanar vectors such that a . a '= b . b '= c . c '= 1 then the
two systems are called Reciprocal System of vectors.
     
bx c c xa axb
Note : a'=    ; b'     ; c'  
 
abc  
a bc  
abc

16. EQUATION OF A PLANE :

    
(a) The equation ( r  r0 ).n  0 represents a plane containing the point with p.v. r0 where n is a
 
vector normal to the plane . r . n  d is the general equation of a plane.
(b) Angle between the 2 planes is the angle between 2 normals drawn to the planes and the angle between
a line and a plane is the compliment of the angle between the line and the normal to the plane.
17. APPLICATION OF VECTORS :

(a) Work done against a constant force F over a
 
displacement s is defined as W F.s

(b) The tangential velocity V of a body moving in a
   
circle is given by V  w  r where r is the pv of the
point P.

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     
(c) The moment of F about ’O’ is defined as M  r  Fwhere r

is the pv of P wrt ’O’. The direction of M is along the
  
normal to the plane OPN such that r , F & M form a
right handed system.

Moment of the couple = ( r1  r2 )  F where r1 & r2 are pv’s of the
 
(d)
 
point of the application of the forces F &  F .
3 -D COORDINATE GEOMETRY
USEFUL RESULTS
A General :
(1) Distance (d) between two points (x1 , y1 , z1) and (x2 , y2 , z2)
d= (x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2  (z 2  z1 ) 2
(2) Section Fomula
m 2 x1  m1 x 2 m 2 y1  m1 y 2 m 2 z1  m1 z 2
x= ; y= ; z= m1  m 2
m1  m 2 m1  m 2
( For external division take –ve sign )
Direction Cosine and direction ratio's of a line
(3) Direction cosine of a line has the same meaning as d.c's of a vector.
(a) Any three numbers a, b, c proportional to the direction cosines are called the direction ratios i.e.
l m n 1
  
a b c a 2  b 2  c2
same sign either +ve or –ve should be taken through out.
note that d.r's of a line joining x1 , y1 , z1 and x2 , y2 , z2 are proportional to x2 – x1 , y2 – y1 and z2 – z1
(b) If  is the angle between the two lines whose d.c's are l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2
cos = l1 l2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2
hence if lines are perpendicular then l1 l2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2 = 0
l1 m1 n1
if lines are parallel then l  m  n
2 2 2

l1 m1 n1
note that if three lines are coplanar then l2 m2 n2 = 0
l3 m3 n3

(4) Projection of the join of two points on a line with d.c's l, m, n are
l (x2 – x1) + m(y2 – y1) + n(z2 – z1)
B PLANE
(i) General equation of degree one in x, y, z i.e. ax + by + cz + d = 0 represents a plane.
(ii) Equation of a plane passing through (x1 , y1 , z1) is
a (x – x1) + b (y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0
where a, b, c are the direction ratios of the normal to the plane.
(iii) Equation of a plane if its intercepts on the co-ordinate axes are x1 , y1 , z1 is
x y z
   1.
x1 y1 z1

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(iv) Equation of a plane if the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the plane is p and d.c's of the
perpendicular as l , m, , n is l x + m y + n z = p
(v) Parallel and perpendicular planes – Two planes
a1 x + b1 y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 are
perpendicular if a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0
a1 b1 c1
parallel if   and
a 2 b 2 c2
a1 b1 c1 d1
coincident if   
a 2 b 2 c2 d 2
(vi) Angle between a plane and a line is the compliment of the angle between the normal to the plane and the
    
Line : r  a   b then cos(90  )  sin   b . n
line . If Plane : r . n  d   .
 | b | .| n |
where  is the angle between the line and normal to the plane.

(vii) Length of the perpendicular from a point (x1 , y1 , z1) to a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is

ax1  by1  cz1  d

p=
a 2  b2  c2
(viii) Distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d2 = 0 is

d1  d 2
a  b 2  c2
2

(ix) Planes bisecting the angle between two planes

a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2 + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by

a1x  b1y  c1z  d1 a 2 x  b 2 y  c2z  d 2

= 
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
Of these two bisecting planes , one bisects the acute and the other obtuse angle between the given
planes.
(x) Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes P1 and P2 is given by P1 + P2 = 0

C STRAIGHT LINE IN SPACE

(i) Equation of a line through A (x1 , y1 , z1) and having direction cosines l ,m , n are
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
l m n
and the lines through (x1 , y1 ,z1) and (x2 , y2 ,z2)
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
(ii) Intersection of two planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0
together represent the unsymmetrical form of the straight line.
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
(iii) General equation of the plane containing the line   is
l m n
A (x – x1) + B(y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0 where Al + bm + cn = 0 .

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LINE OF GREATEST SLOPE
AB is the line of intersection of G-plane and H is the horizontal
plane. Line of greatest slope on a given plane, drawn through a
given point on the plane, is the line through the point 'P'
perpendicular to the line of intersetion of the given plane with
any horizontal plane.

EXERCISE–I
    
Q.1 If a&b are no n co llinear vecto rs such that , p  ( x  4 y)a  ( 2x  y  1) b &
    
q  ( y  2x  2) a  ( 2 x  3y  1) b , find x & y such that 3p  2q .
       
Q.2 (a) Show that the points a  2 b  3 c ; 2 a  3 b  4 c &  7 b  10 c are collinear .
(b) Prove that the points A = (1,2,3), B (3,4,7), C (3,2,5) are collinear & find the ratio in which
B divides AC.
 
Q.3 Points X & Y are taken on the sides QR & RS , respectively of a parallelogram PQRS, so that QX  4 XR

   21  
& RY  4 YS . The line XY cuts the line PR at Z . Prove that PZ    PR .
 25 
Q.4 Find out whether the following pairs of lines are parallel, non-parallel & intersecting, or non-parallel &
non-intersecting.
     
r1  i  j  2 k   3 i  2 j  4 k
  r1  i  j  3 k   i  j  k
 
(i)  (ii) 
r2  2 i  j  3 k    6 i  4 j  8 k
  r2  2 i  4 j  6 k   2 i  j  3 k
 
  
r1  i  k   i  3 j  4 k
 
(iii) 
r2  2 i  3 j   4 i  j  k
 
Q.5 Let OACB be paralelogram with O at the origin & OC a diagonal. Let D be the mid point of OA.
Using vector method prove that BD & CO intersect in the same ratio. Determine this ratio.

AE AF
Q.6 In a ABC, points E and F divide sides AC and AB respectively so that = 4 and = 1.
EC FB
Suppose D is a point on side BC. Let G be the intersection of EF and AD and suppose D is situated so
AG 3 BD a
that = . If the ratio = , where a and b are in their lowest form, find the value of (a + b).
GD 2 DC b

Q.7 ‘O’is the origin of vectors and A is a fixed point on the circle of radius‘a’with centre O. The vector OA
   
is denoted by a . A variable point ‘P’ lies on the tangent at A & OP = r . Show that a . r  a 2 . Hence
if P  (x,y) & A  (x1,y1) deduce the equation of tangent at A to this circle.
 
Q.8 Let u be a vector on rectangular coordinate system with sloping angle 60°. Suppose that u  î is
  
geometric mean of u and u  2î where î is the unit vector along x-axis then u has the value equal

to a  b where a, b  N, find the value (a + b)3 + (a – b)3.

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     
Q.9 The resultant of two vectors a & b is perpendicular to a . If b  2 a show that the resultant of
  
2a & b is perpendicular to b .
   
Q.10 a , b, c and d are the position vectors of the points A  (x, y, z) ; B  (y, – 2z, 3x) ; C  (2z, 3x, – y)
 ^  
and D(1,–1, 2) respectively. If | a | = 2 3 ; a b = a^c  ; a ^d = and a ^ĵ is obtuse, then find x, y,, z.
     
2
   
Q.11 If r and s are non zero constant vectors and the scalar b is chosen such that r  b s is minimum, then
   
show that the value of b s 2  | r  b s |2 is equal to | r |2 .

Q.12(a) Find a unit vector â which makes an angle (/4) with axis of z & is such that â  î  ĵ is a unit vector..
  2   2
 a b   ab 
(b) Prove that          
 a 2 b2   | a | | b | 
   
      
Q.13 Given four non zero vectors a , b , c and d . The vectors a , b & c are coplanar but not collinear pair by
       
pair and vector d is not coplanar with vectors a , b & c and (a b)  (b c)   , (da)  , (db)   then

3
1
prove that ( d c)  cos (cos   cos  ) .
Q.14 Given three points on the xy plane on O(0, 0), A(1, 0) and B(–1, 0). Point P is moving on the plane
  
satisfying the condition P A ·P B + 3 O A ·O B = 0 
If the maximum and minimum values of P A P B are M and m respectively then find the value of
M2 + m2.
Q.15 In the plane of a triangle ABC, squares ACXY, BCWZ are described , in the order given, externally to
   
the triangle on AC & BC respectively. Given that CX  b , CA  a , CW  x , CB  y . Prove that
 

   
a.y  x.b  0 . Deduce that AW . BX  0 .
  
Q.16 Given that u  î  2 ĵ  3k̂ ; v  2î  ĵ  4k̂ ; w  î  3ˆj  3k̂ and
      
( u ·R  10) î  ( v ·R  20) ĵ  ( w · R  20) k̂ = 0. Find the unknown vector R .
Question nos. 17, 18, 19:
  
Suppose the three vectors a , b, c on a plane satisfy the condition that
        
| a |  | b |  | c | = | a  b | = 1; c is perpendicular to a and b · c > 0, then
  
Q.17 Find the angle formed by 2a  b and b .
  
Q.18 If the vector c is expressed as a linear combination a  b then find the ordered pair (, ).
      
Q.19 For real numbers x, y the vector p  xa  yc satisfies the condition 0  p ·a  1 and 0  p ·b  1. Find
 
the maximum value of p ·c .
        
Q.20 (a) If a  b  c  0 , show that a x b  b x c  c x a . Deduce the Sine rule for a  ABC.
(b) Find the minimum area of the triangle whose vertices are A(–1, 1, 2); B(1, 2, 3) and C(t, 1, 1)
where t is a real number.

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Q.21 (a) Determine vector of magnitude 9 which is perpendicular to both the vectors:
4î  ĵ  3k̂ &  2î  ˆj  2k̂
(b) A triangle has vertices (1, 1, 1) ; (2, 2, 2), (1, 1, y) and has the area equal to csc  4 sq. units.
Find the value of y.

Q.22 Consider a parallelogram ABCD. Let M be the centre of line segment BC and S denote the point of
intersection of the line segment AM and the diagonal BD . Find the ratio of the area of the parallelogram
to the area of the triangle BMS.
   
Q.23 If a , b , c ,d are position vectors of the vertices of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD prove that :
           
a x b  b xd  d x a b x c  cx d  d x b
         0
(b  a ) . (d  a ) ( b  c) . (d  c)
Q.24 The length of the edge of the regular tetrahedron D  ABC is 'a' . Point E and F are taken on the edges
 
AD and BD respectively such that E divides DA and F divides BD in the ratio 2:1 each . Then find the
area of triangle CEF.

  1    
ĵ and x  a  ( q 2  3) b , y   p a  qb . If x  y , then express p
3
Q.25 Let a  3 î  ĵ and b  î 
2 2
as a function of q, say p = f (q), (p  0 & q  0) and find the intervals of monotonicity of f (q).
EXERCISE–II

Q.1 The vector OP = î  2ˆj  2k̂ turns through a right angle, passing through the positive x-axis on the way..
Find the vector in its new position.
Q.2 The position vectors of the points A, B, C are respectively (1, 1, 1) ; (1, 1, 2) ; (0, 2, 1). Find a unit
vector parallel to the plane determined by ABC & perpendicular to the vector (1, 0, 1) .
(a 1  a ) 2 (a1  b) 2 (a 1  c ) 2

Q.3 Let (b1  a ) 2 (b1  b) 2 (b1  c) 2 = 0 and if the vectors   î  aĵ  a 2 k̂ ;   î  bĵ  b 2 k̂ ;
(c1  a ) 2 (c1  b) 2 (c1  c) 2
  
  î  cˆj  c 2 k̂ are non coplanar, show that the vectors 1  î  a1ˆj  a1 k̂;1  î  b1 ĵ  b1 k̂ and
2 2

1  î  c1ˆj  c12 k̂ are coplaner..
Q.4 Given non zero number x1, x2, x3 ; y1, y2, y3 and z1, z2 and z3
(i) Can the given numbers satisfy
x1 x2 x3 x1x 2  y1y 2  z1z 2  0

y1 y2 y3 = 0 and x 2 x 3  y 2 y 3  z 2 z 3  0
z1 z2 z3 x 3x1  y 3 y1  z 3z1  0
(ii) If xi > 0 and yi < 0 for all i = 1, 2, 3 and P = (x1, x2, x3) ; Q (y1, y2, y3) and O (0, 0, 0) can the triangle
POQ be a right angled triangle?
Q.5 The pv's of the four angular points of a tetrahedron are: A j  2 k ; B 3 i  k ; C 4 i  3 j  6 k
     
& D 2 i  3 j  2 k . Find :
 
(i) the perpendicular distance from A to the line BC.
(ii) the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD.
(iii) the perpendicular distance from D to the plane ABC.
(iv) the shortest distance between the lines AB & CD.

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Q.6 Find the point R in which the line AB cuts the plane CDE where
    
a = î  2ˆj  k̂ , b = 2î  ˆj  2k̂ , c =  4 ˆj  4k̂ , d = 2î  2ˆj  2k̂ & e = 4î  ˆj  2k̂ .
  
Q.7 If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ ; b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ and c  c1î  c 2 ˆj  c 3 k̂ then show that the value of the
  
  a ·î a · ĵ a ·k̂
   
scalar triple product [ na  b nb  c nc  a ] is (n3 + 1) b ·î b ·ˆj b ·k̂
  
   c ·î c ·ˆj c ·k̂
  
Q.8(a) Prove that a x b =  b  a x (a x b) 
      
(b) Given that a,b,p,q are four vectors such that a  b   p , b .q  0 & ( b ) 2  1 , where µ is a scalar then
       
prove that ( a .q ) p  ( p .q ) a  p .q .
Q.9 ABCD is a tetrahedron with pv's of its angular points as A(–5, 22, 5); B(1, 2, 3); C(4, 3, 2) and
D(–1, 2, – 3). If the area of the triangle AEF where the quadrilaterals ABDE and ABCF are parallelograms
is S then find the value of S.
            
Q.10    
If A , B & C are vectors such that | B|  | C | , Prove that: A  B x A  C x Bx C . B  C  0 .  
Q.11 Given the points P (1, 1, –1), Q (1, 2, 0) and R (–2, 2, 2). Find
(a) PQP R
(b) Equation of the plane containing the points P, Q and R
(i) in scalar dot product form
(ii) in parametric form
(iii) in cartesian form
and if the plane through PQR cuts the coordinate axes at A, B, C then the area of the ABC.
             
Q.12 Find the scalars  &  if a x (b x c)  (a . b) b  ( 4  2  sin ) b  ( 2  1) c & ( c . c) a  c while b & c
are non zero non collinear vectors.
  
Q.13 Let a   i  2 j  3 k , b  i  2  j  2 k and c  2 i   j  k . Find the value(s) of , if any, such that
 
a  b   b  c  c  a  = 0. Find the vector product when  = 0.

Q.14 Find a vector v which is coplanar with the vectors i  j  2 k & i  2 j  k and is orthogonal to the

vector  2 i  j  k . It is given that the projection of v along the vector i  j  k is equal to 6 3 .
 
Q.15 If the vectors b ,c ,d are not coplanar, then prove that the vector
            
(a  b)  ( c  d )  (a  c)  (d  b)  (a  d )  ( b  c ) is parallel to a .
  
Q.16 The figure shows non zero vector v, w and z with
  
z orthogonal to the line L, and v and w making equal
 
angles  with the line L. Assuming | v | = | w | , if the

vector w is expressed as a linear combination of
    
v and z as w  xv  yz . Find the value of x and y.

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    
Q.17 Consider the non zero vectors a , b , c & d such that no three of which are coplanar then prove that
           
       
a b cd  c a b d  b a c d  d a b c . Hence prove that if a , b , c & d represent the position vectors

  
of the vertices of a plane quadrilateral then
b cd  a b d   1 .
a cd  a b c
         
Q.18 The base vectors a1,a 2 ,a 3 are given in terms of base vectors b1,b 2 ,b3 as, a1  2b1  3b 2  b 3 ;
            
a 2  b1  2b 2  2b3 & a 3  2b1  b 2  2b3 . If F  3b1  b 2  2b3 , then express F in terms of
  
a1, a 2 & a 3 .

  1    2   1      2
Q.19 Let a   0  ; b  1  ; c   1 . Find the numbers , ,  such that  a   b   c    5 .
  3  0  1   6 
     
     p 2 b  (b . a ) a  p (b x a )
Q.20 (a) If px  ( x  a )  b ; ( p  0) prove that x  2 2 .
p (p  a )
          
(b)  
Solve the following equation for the vector p ; p x a  p . b c  b x c where a , b , c are non
  
zero non coplanar vectors and a is neither perpendicular to b nor to c , hence show that

  abc   c  is perpendicular to b  c .
p a   
 a ·c 
 
  
Q.21 Let a , b & c be non coplanar unit vectors, equally inclined to one another at an angle . If
      
a x b  b x c  p a  q b  r c . Find scalars p, q & r in terms of .
 
Q.22 Solve the simultaneous vector equations for the vectors x and y .
        
x  c  y  a and y  c  x  b where c is a non zero vector..
   
Q.23 Consider the points A (a ); B( b ); C ( c) and D( d ) . x is the distance of the point A from the plane BCD.
y is the distance of the point D from the plane ABC.
Column-I Column-II
           
(A) b  c  c  d  d  b x  [b c d] equals (P) [a b c ]  [ b d c ]  [d a c ]

           

(B) a  b  b  c  c  a y  [a b c ] equals (Q) [a b c ]  [a c d ]  [a d b ]

    when the points A, B, C    

(C) [a b c ] is equal to  and D are coplanar 

(R) [d a b ]  [d b c ]  [d c a ]

    when the points A, B, C    

(D) [d a b] is equal to  and D are coplanar 

(S) [ b c d ]  [ c a d ]  [ d a b]

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 EXERCISE–III
Q.1 Find the angle between the two straight lines whose direction cosines l, m, n are given by
2l + 2m – n = 0 and mn + nl + lm = 0.
Q.2 P is any point on the plane lx + my + nz = p. A point Q taken on the line OP (where O is the origin) such
that OP. OQ = p2. Show that the locus of Q is p( lx + my + nz ) = x2 + y2 + z2.
Q.3 Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1), (1, –2, 3) and parallel to the x-axis.

Q.4 Through a point P (f, g, h), a plane is drawn at right angles to OP where 'O' is the origin, to meet the
r5
coordinate axes in A, B, C. Prove that the area of the triangle ABC is where OP = r..
2f g h
Q.5 The plane lx + my = 0 is rotated about its line of intersection with the plane z = 0 through an angle .
Prove that the equation to the plane in new position is lx + my + z l 2  m 2 tan  = 0
Q.6 Find the equations of the straight line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) to intersect the straight line
x + 1 = 2 (y – 2) = z + 4 and parallel to the plane x + 5y + 4z = 0.
x 3 y 3 z
Q.7 Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the line   at an
 2 1 1
angle of .
3
Q.8 A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin and meets the coordinate axes in points A, B
and C respectively. Through these points, planes are drawn parallel to the coordinates planes. Find the
locus of their point of intersection.
x  2 2 y  3 3z  4
Q.9 Find the distance of the point P (– 2, 3, – 4) from the line   measured parallel to
3 4 5
the plane 4x + 12y – 3z + 1 = 0.
Q.10 Find the equation to the line passing through the point (1, –2, –3) and parallel to the line
2x + 3y – 3z + 2 = 0 = 3x – 4y + 2z – 4.
Q.11 Find the equation of the line passing through the point (4, –14, 4) and intersecting the line of intersection
of the planes : 3x + 2y – z = 5 and x – 2y – 2z = –1 at right angles.
Q.12 Let P = (1, 0, – 1) ; Q = (1, 1, 1) and R = (2, 1, 3) are three points.
(a) Find the area of the triangle having P, Q and R as its vertices.
(b) Give the equation of the plane through P, Q and R in the form ax + by + cz = 1.
(c) Where does the plane in part (b) intersect the y-axis.
(d) Give parametric equations for the line through R that is perpendicular to the plane in part (b).
Q.13 Find the point where the line of intersection of the planes x – 2y + z = l and x + 2y – 2z = 5, intersects
the plane 2x + 2y + z + 6 = 0.
Q.14 Feet of the perpendicular drawn from the point P (2, 3, –5) on the axes of coordinates are A, B and C.
Find the equation of the plane passing through their feet and the area of ABC.
Q.15 Find the equations to the line which can be drawn from the point (2, –1, 3) perpendicular to the lines
x 1 y  2 z  3 x4 y z3
  and   at right angles.
2 3 4 4 5 3
x 1 y  2 z
Q.16 Find the equation of the plane containing the straight line   and perpendicular to the
2 3 5
plane x – y + z + 2 = 0.

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 x 1 y  p z2 x y7 z7
Q.17 Find the value of p so that the lines   and   are in the same
3 2 1 1 3 2
plane. For this value of p, find the coordinates of their point of intersection and the equation of the plane
containing them.
Q.18 Find the equations to the line of greatest slope through the point (7, 2 , –1) in the plane
x – 2y + 3z = 0 assuming that the axes are so placed that the plane 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 is horizontal.

2   1
Q.19 Let L be the line given by r =   2 +   0  and let P be the point (2, – 1, 1). Also suppose that E be
  1   1 

the plane containing three non collinear points A = (0, 1, 1); B(1, 2, 2) and C = (1, 0, 1)
Find
(a) Distance between the point P and the line L.
(b) Equation of the plane E.
(c) Equation the plane F containing the line L and the point P.
(d) Acute between the plane E and F.
(e) Volume of the parallelopiped by A, B, C and the point D(– 3, 0, 1).
Q.20 The position vectors of the four angular points of a tetrahedron OABC are (0, 0, 0); (0, 0, 2); (0, 4, 0)
and (6, 0, 0) respectively. A point P inside the tetrahedron is at the same distance 'r' from the four plane
faces of the tetrahedron. Find the value of 'r'.
x  6 y  10 z  14
Q.21 The line   is the hypotenuse of an isosceles right angled triangle whose opposite
5 3 8
vertex is (7, 2, 4). Find the equation of the remaining sides.
Q.22 Find the foot and hence the length of the perpendicular from the point (5, 7, 3) to the line
x  15 y  29 5  z
  . Also find the equation of the plane in which the perpendicular and the given
3 8 5
straight line lie.
x 1 y  2 z  3
Q.23 Find the equation of the line which is reflection of the line   in the plane
9 1 3
3x – 3y + 10z = 26.
x 1 y z x 3 y z 2
Q.24 Find the equation of the plane containing the line   and parallel to the line   .
2 3 2 2 5 4
Find also the S.D. between the two lines.
Q.25 Consider the plane

  1 1 1
 1 2
E: r = +   + 0
 1   0   1 
Let F be the plane containing the point A (– 4, 2, 2) and parallel to E.
Suppose the point B is on the plane E such that B has a minimum distance from the point A.
If C (– 3, 0, 4) lies in the plane F. Find the area of the angle ABC.

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 EXERCISE–IV
       
Q.1 (a) Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ & b  ˆi  ˆj . If c is a vector such that a .c | c | , | c  a | 2 2 and the angle
     
between (a  b) and c is 30°, then (a  b)  c =
     
(b) Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and a unit vector c be coplanar. If c is perpendicular to a , then c =
1 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(A)
2

ˆj  kˆ  (B)
3
i  j  k 
1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(C)
5

i  2j  (D)
3
i  j k  
          
(c)  
Let a & b be two non-collinear unit vector. If u  a  a.b b & v  a  b , then | v | is
   
(A) | u | (B) | u |  | u .a |
      
(C) | u |  | u .b | (D) u  u . a  b  
      
(d) Let u & v be unit vectors. If w is a vector such that w   w  u   v , then prove that

   1  
 u  w  .w  and the equality holds if and only if u is perpendicular to v .
2
[JEE '99, 2+2+3+10]
Q.2 (a) An arc AC of a circle subtends a right angle at the centre O. The B divides the arc in the ratio 1 : 1.
      
If OA  a & OB  b , then calculate OC in terms of a & b .
   
(b) If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and d is a unit vector, then find the value of,
           
       
a.d b  c  b.d  c  a   c.d a  b independent of d . [REE '99, 6+6]

Q.3(a) Select the correct alternative :

  
(i) If the vectors a , b & c form the sides BC, CA & AB respectively of a triangle ABC, then
           
(A) a . b  b . c  c . a = 0 (B) a  b  b  c  c  a
           
(C) a . b  b . c  c . a (D) a  b  b  c  c  a = 0
      
(ii) Let the vectors a , b , c & d be such that a  b  c  d = 0 . Let P1 & P2 be planes determined by
  
   
the pairs of vectors a , b & c , d respectively . Then the angle between P1 and P2 is :
(A) 0 (B) /4 (C) /3 (4) /2
  
(iii) If a , b & c are unit coplanar vectors, then the scalar triple product
     

2a b 2b c 2ca = 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  3 (D) 3
[ JEE ,2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
(b) Let ABC and PQR be any two triangles in the same plane . Assume that the perpendiculars from the
points A, B, C to the sides QR, RP, PQ respectively are concurrent . Using vector methods or otherwise,
prove that the perpendiculars from P, Q, R to BC, CA, AB respectively are also concurrent .
[ JEE '2000 (Mains) 10 out of 100 ]

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   
Q.4(i) If a = i  j  k , b =  i  2 j  2 k & c =  i  2 j  k , find a unit vector normal to the vectors
   
a + b and b  c .
    
(ii) Given that vectors a & b are perpendicular to each other, find vector v in terms of a & b satisfying
     
the equations, v ·a = 0 ,  . b = 1 and [ v a b] = 1
      1  
(iii) a , b & c are three unit vectors such that a  b  c =
2
   
b  c . Find angle between vectors
   
a & b given that vectors b & c are non-parallel.
(iv) A particle is placed at a corner P of a cube of side 1 meter. Foces of magnitudes 2, 3 and 5 kg weight act
on the particle along the diagonals of the faces passing through the point P. Find the moment of these
forces about the corner opposite to P. [ REE '2000 (Mains) 3 + 3 + 3 out of 100]
Q.5(a) The diagonals of a parallelogram are given by vectors 2 i  3j  6 k and 3i  4 j  k . Determine its sides
and also the area.
(b) Find the value of  such that a, b, c are all non-zero and
4 i  5j a  (3i  3j  k )b  (i  j  3k )c =  (ai  bj  ck )
  [ REE '2001 (Mains) 3 + 3]
   

Q.6(a) Find the vector r which is perpendicular to a = i  2j  5k and b  2i  3j  k and r  2î  ˆj  k̂ +8=0. 
(b) Two vertices of a triangle are at  i  3j and 2i  5j and its orthocentre is at i  2j . Find the position
vector of third vertex. [ REE '2001 (Mains) 3 + 3]
     2   2  2
Q.7(a) If a , b and c are unit vectors, then a  b  b  c  c  a does NOT exceed
(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 6
     
(b) Let a  î  k̂ , b  x î  ĵ  (1  x )k̂ and c  yî  x ˆj  (1  x  y)k̂ . Then [a , b, c] depends on
(A) only x (B) only y (C) NEITHER x NOR y (D) both x and y
[ JEE '2001 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35]
 
Q.8 Let A(t ) = f1 ( t ) i  f2 (t ) j and B( t )  g1 ( t ) i  g 2 ( t ) j , t  [0, 1], where f1, f2, g1, g2 are continuous
   
functions. If A(t ) and B( t ) are nonzero vectors for all t and A(0) = 2i  3j , A(1) = 6 i  2j ,
   
B(0) = 3i  2j and B(1) = 2i  6 j , then show that A(t ) and B(t ) are parallel for some t.
[JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]
     
Q.9(a) If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + 2 b and 5 a – 4 b are perpendicular to each other then
 
the angle between a and b is
(A) 450 (B) 600 (C) cos–1 1 3 (D) cos–1 2 7
  
(b) Let V  2î  ˆj  k̂ and W  î  3k̂ . If U is a unit vector, then the maximum value of the scalar triple
  

product U V W is 
(A) –1 (B) 10  6 (C) 59 (D) 60
[JEE 2002(Screening), 3 + 3]

Q.10 Let V be the volume of the parallelopiped formed by the vectors a  a1î  a 2 ˆj  a 3k̂ ,
 
b  b1î  b 2 ˆj  b 3k̂ , c  c1î  c 2 ĵ  c 3k̂ . If ar , br , cr , where r = 1, 2, 3, are non-negative real
3
numbers and  a r  b r  c r  = 3L, show that V  L3. [JEE 2002(Mains), 5]
r 1

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   
Q.11 If a = î  aˆj  k̂ , b = ˆj  ak̂ , c = aî  k̂ , then find the value of ‘a’ for which volume of
parallelopiped formed by three vectors as coterminous edges, is minimum, is
1 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) ± (D) none
3 3 3
[JEE 2003(Scr.), 3]
Q.12 (i) Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 1, 0) , (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1).
(ii) If P is the point (2, 1, 6) then find the point Q such that PQ is perpendicular to the plane in (i) and
the mid point of PQ lies on it. [JEE 2003, 4 out of 60]
    
Q.13 If u , v , w are three non-coplanar unit vectors and , ,  are the angles between u and v ,
      
v and w , w and u respectively and x , y, z are unit vectors along the bisectors of the angles , , 
      1    2 2   
respectively. Prove that x  y y  z z  x   u v w  sec sec 2 sec 2 .
16 2 2 2
[JEE 2003, 4 out of 60]
x 1 y  1 z 1 x 3 yk z
Q.14(a) If the lines   and   intersect, then k =
2 3 4 1 2 1
(A) 2/9 (B) 9/2 (C) 0 (D) – 1
(b) A unit vector in the plane of the vectors 2î  ˆj  k̂ , î  ˆj  k̂ and orthogonal to 5î  2 ĵ  6k̂
6î  5k̂ 3 ĵ  k̂ 2î  5k̂ 2 î  ĵ  2k̂
(A) (B) (C) (D)
61 10 29 3
      ˆ 
(c) If a  î  j  k̂ , a ·b  1 and a  b  j  k̂ , then b =
(A) î (B) î  ˆj  k̂ (C) 2ˆj  k̂ (D) 2î
[ JEE 2004 (screening)]

           
Q.15(a) Let a , b , c , d are four distinct vectors satisfying a  b = c  d and a  c  b  d . Show that
       
a ·b  c ·d  a ·c  b ·d .
(b)Let P be the plane passing through (1, 1, 1) and parallel to the lines L1 and L2 having direction ratios
1, 0, –1 and –1, 1, 0 respectively. If A, B and C are the points at which P intersects the coordinate axes,
find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are A, B, C and the origin.
[JEE 2004, 2 + 2out of 60]
 
     b.a    b.a 
Q.16 (a) If a, b, c are three non-zero, non-coplanar vectors and b1  b   2 a , b 2  b   2 a ,
|a| |a |
      
  c.a  b.c    c.a  b1.c    c.a  b.c 
c1  c   2 a   2 b1 , c2  c   2 a   b1 , c3  c   2 a   2 b1 ,
|a| |c| |a| | b1 |2 |c| |c|
 
  c.a  b.c 
c4  c   2 a   2 b1 then the set of orthogonal vectors is
|c| |b|
           

(A) a, b1, c3  
(B) a, b1 , c2  
(C) a, b1, c1  
(D) a, b 2 , c2 

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 (b) A variable plane at a distance of 1 unit from the origin cuts the co-ordinate axes at A, B and C. If the
1 1 1
centroid D (x, y, z) of triangle ABC satisfies the relation 2  2  2 = k, then the value of k is
x y z
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) 9 [JEE 2005 (Scr), 3]
(c) Find the equation of the plane containing the line 2x – y + z – 3 = 0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at a distance of
1 6 from the point (2, 1, – 1).
(d) Incident ray is along the unit vector v̂ and the reflected ray is along the
unit vector ŵ . The normal is along unit vector â outwards. Express
ŵ in terms of â and v̂ . [ JEE 2005 (Mains), 2 + 4 out of 60]
Q.17(a) A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) and is perpendicular to two planes 2x – 2y + z = 0 and
x – y + 2z = 4. The distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
    
(b) Let a  î  2ˆj  k̂ , b  î  ˆj  k̂ and c  î  ˆj  k̂ . A vector in the plane of a and b whose projection

on c has the magnitude equal to 1 3 , is
(A) 4î  ˆj  4k̂ (B) 3î  ĵ  3k̂ (C) 2î  ˆj  2k̂ (D) 4î  ˆj  4k̂
[JEE 2006,3 marks each]

(c) Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection of planes P1 and P2 through origin. P1 is parallel to the

vectors 2 ˆj + 3 k̂ and 4 ˆj – 3 k̂ and P2 is parallel to ˆj – k̂ and 3 î + 3 ˆj , then the angle between


vector A and 2 î + ˆj – 2 k̂ is
   
(A) (B) (C) (D) [JEE 2006, 5]
2 4 6 3
(d) Match the following
(i) Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = | a | and
ax – y = 1 intersects each other in the interval
a  (a0, ), the value of a0 is (A) 2
(ii) Point (, , ) lies on the plane x + y + z = 2.
 
Let a   î   ĵ   k̂ , k̂  ( k̂  a ) = 0, then  = (B) 4/3
1 0 1 0
2 2
(iii)  (1  y ) dy +  (y  1) dy (C)  1  x dx +  1  x dx
0 1 0 1

(iv) In a ABC, if sinA sinB sinC + cos A cosB = 1,

then the value of sin C = (D) 1 [JEE 2006, 6]
(e) Match the following

 1 
(i)  tan 1 2i2   t , then tan t = (A) 0
i 1
(ii) Sides a, b, c of a triangle ABC are in A.P. (B) 1
a b c   5
and cos 1  , cos  2  , cos 3  , then tan 2 1  tan 2 3 = (C)
bc ac ab 2 2 3
(iii) A line is perpendicular to x + 2y + 2z = 0 and passes through (0, 1, 0). (D) 2/3
The perpendicular distance of this line from the origin is [JEE 2006, 6]

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Q.18(a) The number of distinct real values of , for which the vectors  2 î  ĵ  k̂ , î  2 ĵ  k̂ and î  ĵ  2 k̂
are coplanar, is
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) three

      
(b) Let a , b, c be unit vectors such that a  b  c  0 . Which one of the following is correct?
             
(A) a  b  b  c  c  a  0 (B) a  b  b  c  c  a  0
            
(C) a  b  b  c  a  c  0 (D) a  b, b  c, c  a are mutually perpendicular..

(c) Let the vectors P Q , Q R , R S , S T , T U and U P represent the sides of a regular hexagon.


Statement-1: P Q × R S  S T  0 
because
 
Statement-2: P Q  R S = 0 and P Q  S T  0
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

(d) Consider the planes 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x + y – 2z = 5.

Statement-1: The parametric equations of the line of intersection of the given planes are
x = 3 + 14t, y = 1 + 2t, z = 15t.
because
Statement-2: The vector 14î  2ˆj  15k̂ is parallel to the line of intersection of given planes.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

MATCH THE COLUMN:

(e) Consider the following linear equations
ax + by + cz = 0
bx + cy + az = 0
cx + ay + bz = 0
Match the conditions/ expressions in Column I with statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) a + b + c  0 and (P) the equation represent planes
2 2 2
a + b + c = ab + bc + ca meeting only at a single point.
(B) a + b + c = 0 and (Q) the equation represent the line
2 2 2
a + b + c  ab + bc + ca x=y=z
(C) a + b + c  0 and (R) the equation represent identical planes
2 2 2
a + b + c  ab + bc + ca
(D) a + b + c = 0 and (S) the equation represent the whole of
2 2 2 =
a + b + c ab + bc + ca the three dimensional space.
[JEE 2007, 3+3+3+3+6]

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Q.19(a) The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length and are parallel to non-coplanar unit vectors â , b̂, ĉ
1
such that â ·b̂  b̂ ·ĉ  ĉ ·â  . Then the volume of the parallelopiped is
2
1 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 3

(b) Let two non-collinear unit vector â and b̂ form an acute angle. A point P moves so that at any time t the
position vector O P (where O is the origin) is given by â cos t  b̂ sin t . When P is farthest from origin

O, let M be the length of O P and û be the unit vector along O P . Then,

1 1
â  b̂ â  b̂
(A) û  and M  (1  â ·b̂) 2 (B) û  and M  (1  â ·b̂) 2
| â  b̂ | | â  b̂ |
1 1
â  b̂ â  b̂
(C) û  and M  (1  2â ·b̂) 2 (D) û  and M  (1  2â ·b̂) 2
| â  b̂ | | â  b̂ |
(c) Consider three planes
P1 : x – y + z = 1
P2 : x + y – z = –1
P3 : x – 3y + 3z = 2
Let L1, L2, L3 be the lines of intersection of the planes P2 and P3, P3 and P1, and P1 and P2, respectively.
Statement-1 : At least two of the lines L1, L2 and L3 are non-parallel.
and
Statement-2 : The three planes do not have a common point.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Paragraph for Question Nos. (i) to (iii)
(d) Consider the lines
x 1 y  2 z 1 x 2 y2 z3
L1 :   ; L2 :  
3 1 2 1 2 3
(i) The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and L2 is
 î  7ˆj  7 k̂  î  7ˆj  5k̂  î  7 ĵ  5k̂ 7 î  7 ĵ  k̂
(A) (B) (C) (D)
99 5 3 5 3 99
(ii) The shortest distance between L1 and L2 is
17 41 17
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
3 5 3 5 3
(iii) The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane passing through the point (–1, –2, –1) and
whose normal is perpendicular to both the lines L1 and L2 is
2 7 13 23
(A) (B) (C) (D)
75 75 75 75
[JEE 2008, 3+3+3+4+4+4]

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           1
Q.20   
If a , b, c and d are unit vectors such that a  b · c  d  1 and a ·c  , then
2
     
(A) a , b, c are non-coplanar (B) b, c, d are non-coplanar
     
(C) b, d are non-parallel (D) a , d are parallel and b, c are parallel

Q.21 Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in space and Q be a point on the line


r  ( î  ĵ  2k̂ )   ( 3î  ˆj  5k̂ )

Then the value of  for which the vector PQ is parallel to the plane x – 4y + 3z =1 is

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) (D) –
4 4 8 8

Q.22 A line with positive direction cosines passes through the point P(2, – 1, 2) and makes equal angles with
the coordinate axes. The line meets the plane
2x + y + z = 9
at point Q. The length of the line segment PQ equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2

Q.23 Match the statements/expression given in Column I with the values given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) sin x
The number of solutions of the equation xe – cos x = 0 (P) 1

 
in the interval  0, 
 2

(B) Value(s) of k for which the planes (Q) 2

kx + 4y + z = 0, 4x + ky + 2z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0
(C) Value(s) of k for which (R) 3
|x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x + 1| + |x + 2| = 4k
has integer solution(s)
(D) If y' = y + 1 and y(0) = 1, (S) 4
then value(s) of y (ln 2)
(T) 5

Q.24 Match the statements/expressions given in Column I with the values given in Column II.
Column I Column II

(A) Root(s) of the equation 2 sin2 + sin22 = 2 (P)
6
 6x   3x  
(B) Points of discontinuity of the function f(x) =   cos   , (Q)
  4

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 where [y] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to y

(C) Volume of the parallelopiped with its edges represented by the vectors (R)
3
î  ˆj, î  2ˆj and î  ˆj  k̂
     
(D) Angle between vectors a and b where a , b and c are unit (S)
2
   
vectors satisfying a  b  3 c  0 (T) 

Q. 25 Let P, Q, R and S be the points on the plane with position vectors 2iˆ  ˆj , 4i,3i
ˆ ˆ  3jˆ and 3iˆ  2ˆj
respectively. [JEE 2010]
The quadrilateral PQRS must be a
(A) parallelogram, which is neither a rhombus nor a rectangle
(B) square
(C) rectangle, but not a square
(D) rhombus, but not a square
x y z
Q. 26 Equation of the plane containing the straight line   and perpendicular to the plane containing
2 3 4

x y z x y z
the straight lines   and   is [JEE 2010]
3 4 2 4 2 3
(A) x + 2y – 2z = 0 (B) 3x + 2y – 2z = 0
(C) x – 2y + z = 0 (D) 5x + 2y – 4z = 0

   ˆi  2ˆj  2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ

Q. 27 If a and b are vectors is space given by a  and b  , then the value of
5 14
     
(2a  b).[(a  b)  (a  2b)] is [JEE 2010]

x 1 y  2 z  3
Q. 28 If the distance between the plane Ax – 2y + z = d and the plane containing the lines  
2 3 4

x  2 y 3 z  4
and   is 6 , then |d| is [JEE 2010]
3 4 5
Q. 29 If the distance of the point P(1, –2, 1) from the plane x + 2y – 2z = , where  > 0, is 5, then the foot
of the perpendicular form P to the plane is [JEE 2010]

8 4 7  4 4 1  1 2 10  2 1 5
(A)  , ,   (B)  ,  ,  (C)  , ,  (D)  ,  , 
3 3 3  3 3 3 3 3 3  3 3 2

Q. 30 Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram ABCD are given by AB = 2iˆ  10ˆj  11kˆ and

AD  ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ . The side AD is rotated by an actue angle  in the plane of the parallelogram so that
AD becomes AD', If AD' makes a right angle with the side AB, then the cosine of the angle  is given by

8 17 1 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) [JEE 2010]
9 9 9 9
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Q. 31 Column I Column II
x  2 y 1 z  1
(A) A line from the origin meets the lines   (P) –4 [JEE 2010]
1 2 1

8
x
and 3  y  3  z  1 at P and Q respectively..
2 1 1
If length PQ = d, then d2 is
(B) The value of x satisfying tan–1(x + 3) – tan–1(x – 3) (Q) 0

3
= sin–1   are
5
    
(C) Non-zero vectors a, b and c satisfy a .b  0 , (R) 4
          
(b  a).(b  c)  0 and 2 | b  c || b  a | . If a  b  4c ,
then the possible values of  are
(D) Let f be the function on [–, ] given by f(0) = 9 and (S) 5

 9x  x 2
f(x) = sin   sin   for x  0. The value of  f (x) dx is
 2  2  
(T) 6
     
Q. 32 Let a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ be three vectors. A vector v in the plane of a and b ,

 1
whose projection on c is , is given by [JEE 2011]
3

(A) ˆi  3jˆ  3kˆ (B) 3iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ (C) 3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ (D) ˆi  3jˆ  3kˆ

Q. 33 The vectors which is/are complanar with vectors ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ , and ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ , and perpendicular to the

vector ˆi  ˆj  kˆ is/are [JEE 2011]

(A) ˆj  kˆ (B) ˆi  ˆj (C) ˆi  ˆj (D) ˆj  kˆ

   
Q. 34 Let a  ˆi  kˆ , b  ˆi  ˆj and c  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ be three given vectors. If r is a vector such that
       
r  b  c  b and r .a  0 , then the value of r .b is [JEE 2011]

Q. 35 The point P is the intersection of the straight line joining the points Q(2, 3, 5) and R(1, –1, 4) with the
plane 5x – 4y – z = 1. If S is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point T(2, 1, 4) to QR, then
the length of the line segment PS is [JEE 2012]
1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
2

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Q. 36 The equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 2 and
2
x – y + z = 3 and at a distance from the point (3, 1, –1) is [JEE 2012]
3

(A) 5x – 11y + z = 17 (B) 2x  y  3 2  1

(C) x + y + z = 3 (D) x  2y  1  2

     
Q. 37 If a and b are vectors such that | a  b | 29 and a  (2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ  (2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ  b , then a
 
possible value of (a  b).( 7iˆ  2ˆj  3k)
ˆ is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 8

x 1 y 1 z x 1 y 1 z
Q. 38 If the straight lines   and   are coplanar, then the plane(s) containing
2 k 2 5 2 k
these two lines is(are) [JEE 2012]
(A) y + 2z = – 1 (B) y + z = – 1 (C) y – z = – 1 (D) y – 2z = – 1
           
Q. 39 If a, b and c are unit vectors satisfying | a  b |2  | b  c |2  | c  a |2  9 , then | 2a  5b  5c | is
[JEE 2012]
x  2 y 3 z  4 x 1 y  4 z  5
Q. 40 If the lines   and   are coplanar, then k can have,
1 1 k k 2 1
(A) exactly three values (B) any value [IIT-Main 2013]
(C) exactly one value (D) exactly two values
 
Q. 41 If the vectors AB  3iˆ  4kˆ and AC  5iˆ  2ˆj  4kˆ are the sides of a triangle ABC, then the length of
the median through A is : [IIT-Main 2013]
(A) 45 (B) 18 (C) 72 (D) 33

Q. 42 Distance between two parallel planes 2x + y + 2z = 8 and 4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is :

 3 5 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) [IIT-Main 2013]
2 2 2 2
 
Q. 43 Let PR  3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and SQ  ˆi  3jˆ  4kˆ determine diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS and

PT  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ be another vector. Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vectors
  
PT, PQ and PS is : [IIT-Advance 2013]
(A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 30

x  2 y 1 z
Q. 44 Perpendicular are drawn from points on the line   to the plane x + y + z = 3. The feet
2 1 3
of perpendicular lie on the line [IIT-Advance 2013]

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 x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
(A)   (B)  
5 8 13 2 3 5

x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
(C)   (D)  
4 3 7 2 7 5

Q. 45 A line  passing through the origin is perpendicular to the lines [IIT-Advance 2013]
1 : (3 + t) î + (–1 + 2t) ˆj + (4 + 2t) k̂ , –  < t < 

2 : (3 + 2s) î + (3 + 2s) ˆj + (2 + s) k̂ , –  < s < 

Then, the coordinate(s) of the point(s) on 2 at a distance of 17 from the point of intersection of  and
1 is(are) :

7 7 5 7 7 8
(A)  , ,  (B) (–1, –1, 0) (C) (1, 1, 1) (D)  , , 
 3 3 3 9 9 9

y z y z
Q. 46 Two lines L1 : x = 5,  and L2 : x = ,  are coplanar. Then  can take value(s)
3   2 1 2  
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 [IIT-Advance 2013]

Q. 47 List-I List-II
  
(A) Volume of parallelepiped determined by vectors a, b and c is 2 (P) 100
Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by vectors
     
2(a  b),3(b  c) and (c  a) is
  
(B) Volume of parallelepiped determined by vectors a, b and c is 5 (Q) 30
Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by vectors
     
3(a  b),(b  c) and 2(c  a) is
(C) Area of a triangle with adjacent sides determined by vectors (R) 24
 
a and b is 20. Then the area of the triangle with adjacent sides
   
determined by vectors (2a  3b) and (a  b) is
(D) Area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides determined by (S) 60
 
vectors a and b is 30. Then the area of the parallelogram with
  
adjacent sides determined by vectors (a  b) and a is [IIT-Advance 2013]
(A) P  4 ; Q  2 ; R  3 ; S  1
(B) P  2 ; Q  3 ; R  1 ; S  4
(C) P  3 ; Q  4 ; R  1 ; S  2
(D) P  1 ; Q  4 ; R  3 ; S  2

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 x 1 y z  3 x 4 y3 z3
Q. 48 Consider the lines L 1 :   , L2 :   and the planes P1 : 7x + y + 2z
2 1 1 1 1 2
= 3, P2 : 3x + 5y – 6z = 4. Let ax + by + cz = d be the equation of the plane passing through the point
of intersection of lines L1 and L2, and perpendicular to planes P1 and P2. [IIT-Advance 2013]
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List-I List-II
(P) a= (1) 13
(Q) b= (2) –3
(C) c= (3) 1
(D) d= (4) –2
(A) P3;Q2;R4;S1
(B) P1;Q3;R4;S2
(C) P3;Q2;R1;S4
(D) P2;Q4;R1;S3

Q. 49 Consider the set of eight vectors V = {aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ :a, b,c  {1,1}} . Three non-coplanar vectors can
be chosen from V in 2P ways. Then p is : [IIT-Advance 2013]

x 1 y  3 z  4
Q. 50 The image of the line   in the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 is the line
3 1 5

x 3 y 5 z  2 x 3 y 5 z  2
(A)   (B)   [IIT Main 2014]
3 1 5 3 1 5

x 3 y 5 z 2 x 3 y 5 z 2
(C)   (D)  
3 1 5 3 1 5

     2
Q. 51 If  a  b b  c c  a     a b c  then  is equal to [IIT Main 2014]

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

Q. 52 The angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations  + m + n = 0 and 2 = m2 +
n2 is [IIT Main 2014]
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

   
Q. 53 Let x, y and z be three vectors each of magnitude 2 and the angle between each pair of them is .
3
     
If a is a non-zero vector perpendicular to x and y  z and b is a non-zero vector perpendicular to y
 
and z  x , then [IIT Advance 2014]
         
(A) b  (b.z)(z  x) (B) a  (a .y)(y  z)
          
(C) a .b  (a .y)(b.z) (D) a  (a .y)(z  y)

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    
Q. 54 Let a, b and c be three non-coplanar unit vectors such that the angle between every pair of them is .
3

       p 2  2q 2  r 2
If a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc , where p, q and r are scalar, then the value of is
q2
[IIT Advance 2014]

x–2 y +1 z–2
Q. 55 The distance of the point (1, 0, 2) from the point of intersection of the line = = and the
3 4 12
plane x – y + z = 16, is [IIT Main 2015]
(A) 13 (B) 2 14 (C) 8 (D) 3 21

Q. 56 The equation of the plane containing the line 2x – 5y + z = 3; x + y + 4z = 5, and parallel to the plane,
x + 3y + 6z = 1, is [IIT Main 2015]
(A) 2x + 6y + 12z = –13 (B) 2x + 6y + 12z = 13
(C) x + 3y + 6z = – 7 (D) x + 3y + 6z = 7

      1
Q. 57 Let a, b and c be three non- zero vectors such that no two of them are collinear and ( a × b ) × c =
3
    
b c a . If  is the angle between vectors b and c , then a value of sin is : [IIT Main 2015]

–2 3 2 2 – 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

Q. 58 In R3, let L be a straight line passing through the origin. Suppose that all the points on
L are at a constant distance from the two planes P1 : x + 2y – z + 1 = 0 and P2 : 2x – y + z – 1 = 0. Let
M be the locus of the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from the points on L to the plane P1. Which of the
following points lie(s) on M ? [IIT Advance 2015]
 5 2  1 1 1  5 1  1 2
(A)  0, – , –  (B)  – , – ,  (C)  – , 0,  (D)  – , 0, 
 6 3  6 3 6  6 6  3 3

         

Q. 59 Let PQR be a triangle. Let a = QR , b = RP and c = PQ . If | a | = 12, | b | = 4 3 and b .c = 24,
then which of the following is (are) true ? [IIT Advance 2015]
 2  2
|c|  |c| 
(A) – | a | = 12 (B) + | a | = 30
2 2
     
(C) | a × b × c × a | = 48 3 (D) a . b = –72

Q. 60 In R3, consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1, Let P3 be a plane, different from P1 and P2, which
passes through the intersection of P1 and P2. If the distance of the point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the
distance of a point (, , ) from P3 is 2, then which of the following relations is (are) true?
(A) 2 +  + 2 + 2 = 0 (B) 2 –  + 2 + 4 = 0 [IIT Advance 2015]
(C) 2 +  – 2 + 10 = 0 (D) 2 –  + 2 – 8 = 0

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    
Q. 61 Suppose that p , q and r are three non-coplanar vectors in R3. Let the components of a vector s along
      
p , q and r be 4, 3 and 5, respectively. If the components of this vector s along ( –p + q + r ),
     
( p – q + r ) and ( –p – q + r ) are x, y and z, respectively, then the value of 2x + y + z is
[IIT Advance 2015]
Q. 62 The distance of the point (1, –5, 9) from the plane x – y + z = 5 measured along the line x = y = z is :
10 20
(A) 3 10 (B) 10 3 (C) (D)
3 3
[IIT Main 2016]
x 3 y  2 z  4
Q. 63 If the line,   lies in the plane, lx + my – z = 9, then 2 + m2 is equal to :
2 1 3
[IIT Main 2016]
(1) 2 (2) 26 (3) 18 (4) 5
      3    

Q. 64 Let a, b and c be three unit vectors such that a  b  c 
2
  
b  c . If b is not parallel to c , then
 
the angle between a and b is : [IIT Main 2016]
3  2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 6
Q.65 Consider a pyramid OPQRS located in the first octant (x  0, y  0, z  0) with O as origin, and OP and
OR along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. The base OPQR of the pyramid is a square with
OP = 3. The point S is directly above the mid-point T of diagonal OQ such that TS = 3. Then
(A) The acute angle between OQ and OS is /3 [IIT Advance 2016]
(B) The equation of the plane containing the triangle OQS is x – y = 0
3
(C) The length of the perpendicular from P to the plane containing the triangle OQS is
2
15
(D) The perpendicular distance from O to the straight line containing RS is
2
Q.66 Let P be the image of the point (3, 1, 7) with respect to the plane x – y + z = 3. Then the equation of the
x y z
plane passing through P and containing the straight line   is [IIT Advance 2016]
1 2 1
(A) x + y – 3z = 0 (B) 3x + z = 0
(C) x – 4y + 7z = 0 (D) 2x – y = 0
 1 ˆ ˆ
Q.67 Let u  u1ˆi  u 2ˆj  u 3kˆ be a unit vector in R3 and ŵ  ˆ . Given that there exists a vector
(i  j  2k)
6
  
 in R3 such that û   = 1 and ŵ .  û    = 1. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?

(A) There is exactly one choice for such  [IIT Advance 2016]

(B) There are infinitely many choices for such 
(C) If û lies in the xy-plane then |u1| = |u2|
(D) If û lies in the xy-plane then 2|u1| = |u3|

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Q. 68 If the image of the point P(1, –2, 3) in the plane, 2x + 3y – 4z + 22 = 0 measured parallel to the line
x y z
  is Q, then PQ is equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
1 4 5
(A) 3 5 (B) 2 42 (C) 42 (D) 6 5
       
Q. 69 Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  ˆi  ˆj . Let c be a vector such that | c  a | 3, (a  b)  c  3 and the angle
    
between c and a  b be 30°. Then a  c is equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
25 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 5 (D)
8 8
Q. 70 The distance of the point (1, 3, –7) from the plane passing through the point (1, –1, –1), having normal
perpendicular to both the lines [JEE Mains 2017]
x 1 y  2 z  4 x  2 y 1 z  7
  and   is
1 2 3 2 1 1

20 10 5 10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
74 83 83 74
Q. 71 The equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the planes
2x + y – 2z = 5 and 3x – 6y – 2z = 7, is [JEE Adv. 2017]
(A) 14x + 2y – 15z = 1 (B) 14x – 2y + 15z = 27
(C) –14x + 2y + 15z = 3 (D) 14x + 2y + 15z = 31

Q. 72 Let O be the origin and let PQR be an arbitrary triangle. The point S is such that
           
OP  OQ  OR  OS  OR  OP  OQ  OS  OQ  OR  OP  OS [JEE Adv. 2017]
Then the triangle PQR has S as its
(A) circumcentre (B) incentre (C) centroid (D) orthocenter

Paragraph
     
Let O be the origin, and OX,OY,OZ be three unit vectors in the direction of the sides, QR, PR, PQ
respectively, of a triangle PQR. [JEE Adv. 2017]

Q. 73 If the triangle PQR varies, then the minimum value of

cos(P + Q) + cos(Q + R) + cos(R + P) is
3 5 5 3
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 3 3 2
 
Q. 74 OX  OY 
(A) sin(P + R) (B) sin(Q + R) (C) sin(P + Q) (D) sin 2R

 
Q. 75 Let u be a vector coplanar with the vectors a  2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ and b  ˆj  k. 
ˆ if u is perpendicular
 
to a and u . b  24 , then u 2 is equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 84 (B) 336 (C) 315 (D) 256

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         
Q. 76 L et a and b be two unit vectors such that a  b = 0. For some x, y  R, let c  xa  yb  (a  b) .
   
If | c | = 2 and the vector c is inclined at the same angle  to both a and b , then the value of 8 cos2 
is. [JEE Adv. 2018]

Q. 77 Consider the cube in the first octant with sides OP, OQ and OR of length 1, along the x-axis, y-axis and

1 1 1
z-axis, respectively, where O(0, 0, 0) is the origin. Let S  , ,  be the centre of the cube and T be
2 2 2
the vertex of the cube opposite to the origin O such that S lies on the diagonal OT.
           
If p  SP, q  SQ , r  SR and t  ST then the value of (p  q)  (r  t ) is. [JEE Adv. 2018]

Q. 78 If L1 is the line of intersection of the plane 2x – 2y + 3z – 2 = 0, x – y + z + 1 = 0 and L2 is the line of

intersection of the plane x + 2y – z – 3 = 0, 3x – y + 2z – 1 = 0, then the distance of the origin from the
plane containing the lines L1 and L2 is : [JEE Mains 2018]

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 2 3 2 2 2

Q. 79 The length of the projection of the line segment joining the points (5, –1, 4) and (4, –1, 3) on the
plane, x + y + z = 7 is : [JEE Mains 2018]

2 2 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Q. 80 Let P1 : 2x + y – z = 3 and P2 : x + 2y + z = 2 be two planes. Then, which of the following statement(s)
is (are) TRUE ?
(A) The line of intersection of P1 and P2 has direction ratios 1, 2, –1 [JEE Adv. 2018]
3x  4 1  3y z
(B) The line is   is perpendicular to the line of intersection of P1 and P2
9 9 3
(C) The acute angle between P1 and P2 is 60°
(D) If P3 is the plane passing through the point (4, 2, –2) and perpendicular to the line of intersection of
2
P1 and P2, then the distance of the point (2, 1, 1) from the plane P2 is
3

Q. 81 Let P be a point in the first octant, whose image Q in the plane x + y = 3 (that is, the line segment PQ is
perpendicular to the plane x + y = 3 and the mid-point of PQ lies in the plane x + y = 3) lies on the z-axis.
Let the distance of P from the x-axis be 5. If R is the image of P in the xy-plane, then the length of PR is
_____ . [JEE Adv. 2018]

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 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 x = 2, y = 1 Q.2 (b) externally in the ratio 1 : 3
Q.4 (i) parallel (ii) the lines intersect at the point p.v.  2 i  2 j (iii) lines are skew
Q.5 2 : 1 Q.6 9 Q.7 xx1 + yy1 = a2 Q.8 28 Q.10 x = 2, y = – 2, z = – 2
1 1 1
Q.12 (a) i  j k Q.14 34 Q.16  î  2ˆj  5k̂
2 2 2

  1 2  3
Q.17 Q.18  ,  Q.19 3 Q.20 (b)
2  3 3 2
Q.18 (a) ± 3( î  2ˆj  2k̂ ), (b) y = 3 or y = – 1

5a 2 q (q 2  3)
Q.22 12 Q.24 sq. units Q.25 p = ; decreasing in q  (–1, 1), q  0
12 3 4

EXERCISE–II
4 1 1 1
Q.1 î  ĵ  k̂ Q.2  (î  5 ĵ  k̂ ) Q.4 NO, NO
2 2 2 3 3
6 3
Q.5 (i) 14 (ii) 6 (iii) 10 (iv) 6
7 5

Q.6 p.v. of R = r = 3i + 3k Q.9 110
 
Q.11 (a) 2î  3 ĵ  3k̂ , (b) (i) r ·n  4 , (ii) r̂  î  ĵ  k̂ +  (ˆj  k̂ )   ( 3î  ˆj  3k̂ ) ,(iii) 2x–3y+3z+4=0,

4 22
area =
9
( 1) n 
Q.12  n   , n  I &  1 Q.13  = 2/3 ; if  = 0 then vector product is  60 2 i  k 
2

2 | v | sin    
Q.14 9  j  k
  Q.16 x = 1 and y =  Q.18 F = 2a1  5a 2  3a 3
|z|
      
Q.19  = – 1,  = – 2,  = 3
 a bc     
b.c b b. b c 
Q.20 (b) p      a  c  b            
 a . c  a . b  
a.b a.b     
1 2 cos  1
Q.21 p= ; q= ; r= 
1  2 cos 1  2 cos  1  2 cos

1 2 cos 1
or p= ; q= ; r=
1  2 cos  1  2cos 1  2 cos 

         
 a  (c. a ) c  b  c b  ( c. b) c  a  c
Q.22 x   , y  Q.23 (A) Q ; (B) R ; (C) S ; (D) P
1  c2 1 c2

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 EXERCISE–III
x 1 y  2 z  3
Q.1  = 900 Q.3 y + 2z = 4 Q.6  
2 2 3

x y z x y z 1 1 1 1 17
Q.7   or   Q.8 2
 2
 2
 2 Q.9
1 2 1 1 1  2 x y z p 2
x 1 y  2 z  3 x  4 y  14 z  4
Q.10   Q.11  
6 13 17 3 10 4

3 2x 2 y z  3 
Q.12 (a) ; (b)   = 1; (c)  0, , 0  ; (d) x = 2t + 2 ; y = 2t + 1 and z = – t + 3
2 3 3 3  2 

x y z 19 x  2 y 1 z 3
Q.13 (1, –2, – 4) Q.14    1 , Area = sq. units Q.15  
2 3 5 2 11  10 2
x7 y2 z 1
Q.16 2x + 3y + z + 4 = 0 Q.17 p = 3, (2, 1, –3) ; x + y + z = 0 Q.18  
22 5 4
2
Q.19 (a) 3 ; (b) x + y – 2z + 1 = 0; (c) x – 2y + z = 5; (d) /3; (e) 4 Q.20
3
x 7 y2 z4 x 7 y2 z4
Q.21   ;  
3 6 2 2 3 6
x  4 y 1 z  7
Q.22 (9, 13, 15) ; 14 ; 9x – 4y – z = 14 Q.23  
9 1 3
Q.24 x – 2y + 2z – 1 = 0; 2 units Q.25 9/2

EXERCISE–IV
Q.1 (a) B , (b) A , (c) A, C
   
Q.2 (a) c   3a  2b (b)  a b c 

  
b a xb 2 
Q.3 (a) (i) B (ii) A (iii) A Q.4 (i) + i ; (ii)  2    2 ; (iii) (iv) | M | 7
b ( a  b) 3

1   1 1
Q.5 (a) 5 i  j  7k , ( i  7j  5k );
  1274 sq. units (b)  = 0,  = –2 + 29
2 2 2
 5 17
Q.6 (a) r  13i  11j  7k ; (b) î  ĵ Q.7 (a) B (b) C
7 7
Q.9 (a) B ; (b) C Q.11 D Q.12 (i) x + y – 2z = 3 ; (ii) (6, 5, –2)
Q.14 (a) B, (b) B, (c) A Q.15 (b) 9/2 cubic units
Q.16 (a) B (b) D; (c) 2x – y + z – 3 = 0 and 62x + 29y + 19z – 105 = 0, (d) ŵ = v̂ – 2( â · v̂ ) â

Q.17 (a) D; (b) A; (c) B ; (d) (i) D, (ii) A, (iii) B, C, (iv) D; (e) (i) B, (ii) D, (iii) C

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Q.18 (a) C; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D; (e) (A) R; (B) Q; (C) P; (D) S
Q.19 (a) A; (b) A; (c) D; (d) (i) B; (ii) D; (iii) C
Q.20 C Q.21 A Q.22 C
Q.23 (A)  P ; (B)  Q, S ; (C)  Q, R, S, T ; (D)  R
Q.24 (A)  Q, S ; (B)  P, Q, R, S ; (C)  T ; (D)  R
Q.25 A Q.26 C Q.27 5 Q.28 6 Q.29 A Q.30 B
Q.31 A  T ; B  P, R ; C  Q ; D  R Q.32 C Q.33 AD Q.34 9
Q.35 A Q.36 A Q.37 C Q.38 B, C Q.39 3 Q.40 D
Q.41 D Q.42 D Q.43 C Q.44 D Q.45 B, D Q.46 A, D
Q.47 C Q.48 A Q.49 5 Q.50 B Q.51 A Q.52 B
Q.53 A, B, C Q.54 4 Q.55 A Q.56 D Q.57 B Q.58 A, B
Q.59 A, C, D Q.60 B, D Q.61 Bonus Q.62 B Q.63 D Q.64 D
Q.65 B, C, D Q.66 C Q.67 B, C Q. 68 B Q. 69 B Q. 70 B
Q.71 D Q.72 D Q.73 D Q.74 C Q. 75 B Q. 76 3
Q. 77 0.5 Q. 78 C Q. 79 A Q. 80 C, D Q. 81 8

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