THE USE OF HEMATOCRIT CENTRIFUGE BY USING A BLOOD

SAMPLE OF S.Tr MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

STUDENTS

PAPER

Arranged by :

Anisa Istiqomah (P1337434319052)

Eva Hikmatul Maula (P1337434319053)

STUDY PROGRAM S.Tr MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSIS

POLTEKKES KEMENKES SEMARANG

2019
 Foreword

With gratitude, Alhamdulillah, we pray the presence of Allah SWT, for the abundance of
grace and guidance to the author, so that the author can compile a paper entitled " The Use
of Hematocrit Centrifuge by Using a Blood Sample of S.Tr Medical Laboratory
Technology Students" on time. We are the great Prophet, Muhammad, peace be upon him,
his family, his Companions and their Ummah who always follow their sunnah. The author
realizes that in making this paper is far from perfect, therefore the writer is happy to ask for
criticism and suggestions for the improvement of this paper.

Semarang, 7 November 2019

Author
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

A. Background

HCT centrifuge is a device used to separate organelles based on their density through
the deposition process. In the process, the HCT centrifuge uses the principle of rotation or
spinning of the tube containing the solution so that it can be separated based on its density.
The solution will be divided into two phases, the supernatant in the form of a liquid and a
pellet or organelle that settles. Centrifuge equipment consists of a rotor or a place to put the
solution to be separated. This rotor will spin rapidly which will cause the solution to
separate into two phases. The faster the rotation is done, the more cell organelles can be
deposited and vice versa.

The common centrifuge used by medical practitioners, is to study different

biochemicals such as proteins, nucleic acids and blood. The tool can separate serum and
plasma from blood or even from liquid, after this a very pure sample of blood serum is very
important for testing and analysis procedures. The centrifuge rotates at a very high speed to
5000 revolutions per minute. High rotation per minute allows separating activities in very
low time. The difference in the density of the mixed elements in the liquid is the principle
behind the work of the centrifuge. In practice this time the practice will be to do the
separation of venous blood serum, to get the precipitate to be analyzed.

Teshematokrit (Hct) is a test that compares the proportion of red blood to all the volume
of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood plasma) together with each
other. Teshematokrit is part of the examination of the complete blood count (Complete
Blood Count), and the results are not in the form of percentages.

B. Statements of the Problem

In this paper, we will discuss the statements of problems regarding centrifuges and
HCT, that is:
1. What is meant by Centrifuge?
2. How to use a centrifuge?
3. what is meant by haematokrit (HCT)?
4. How to check the HCT?

C. Reasons of Choosing the Topic

In this paper, we answer the questions from the statements of problems:

1. Knowing the meaning of centrifuge equipment.

 2. Knowing how to use a centrifuge.

3. Knowing the understanding of HCT.

4. Knowing the HCT examination correctly.

D. Benefits of the Study

1. For writers
Add knowledge about how to use centrifuge and HCT
2. For universities
As a collection of readings that can be read by students in the library
3. for the next researcher
Provide references and images to the next researcher

E. Outline
a. Chapter 1
HCT centrifuge is a device used to separate organelles based on their density
through the deposition process. The tool can separate serum and plasma from blood
or even from liquid, after this a very pure sample of blood serum is very important
for testing and analysis procedures. Teshematokrit (Hct) is a test that compares the
proportion of red blood to all the volume of blood (red blood cells, white blood
cells, platelets and blood plasma) together with each other.
b. Chapter II
“Tool for picking up samples at high speed, releasing heavier particles
collected to the bottom of the centrifuge tube” Benjamin Robins (1707-1751). Before
the centrifuge is operated, there are important things that need to pay attention to the
operator such as the rotor in the centrifuge must be balanced, so it must be correct -
it is right to be checked whether there is damage, and others.
“HCT is a presentation of the measurement results of the total amount of
cholesterol which has been separated from the blood plasma which is carried out by
rotating it at a specific tab in time and also certain speed.” Wilhem Wundt (1945).
according to
Garden Murphy (1965) “A hematocrit examination is performed to detect
anemia, accompanying examination of hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Hematocrit
examination can also be done to determine the body's reaction to the treatment that
is being undertaken.”
c. Chapter III
In practice this time the principle is done is by taking a hematocrit tube containing a
blood sample and then put it in a centrifuge. With this filtering, the blood will break
into 3 parts namely plasma or liquid components, red blood cells and other cells.
 CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature

A. Definition of Centrifuge

“Tool for picking up samples at high speed, releasing heavier particles collected to the
bottom of the centrifuge tube” Benjamin Robins (1707-1751). I agree with Benjamin Robins'
opinion that a centrifuge is a device for separating particles in the blood. The most popular use
for white blood cell components and processing of urine samples. In the process, the
centrifuge uses the province of profit or turnover which contains the order to be separated
based on the type of mass. A solution to be divided into two phases is the supernatant
which is screwed and the pellet or organelle is settling. The centrifuge equipment consists
of a rotor or a place to put the solution that will be separated. The rotors that are inserted
will rotate quickly which will result in a separate solution that will be in two phases. The
more rounds made, the more organelles that can be deposited and vice versa.

Before the centrifuge is operated, there are important things that need to pay attention to
the operator such as the rotor in the centrifuge must be balanced, so it must be correct - it is
right to be checked whether there is damage, and others. According to Richard Mayer
(1981) "With the utilization of electrical energy converted into mechanical energy, rotors
and motors play a major role in the centrifuge process to produce compaction samples that
are affected by the density of the object, the greater the resulting rotation, the denser and
faster the deposits are formed. Speed and time are also benchmarks for problems with the
Centrifuge. " At the moment the centrifuge is rotating closed it cannot be opened. Most of
the machines from machines - these machines have a safety device which prevents closing
the machine from opening. However, there are a number of centrifuges which do not have
the intent. in the operation of this centrifuge also requires caution from the operator not to
greet the hair or the lab coat stuck to the rotor being rotated because it is very dangerous.
After the sample is finished centrifugal the driving sample is moved from the rotor. The
centrifuge and cooling after use and cover must be allowed to be opened so that all the
water that is developing can evaporate.

B. How to use the Centrifuge

1. Prepare a solution that will be purified or separated

2. Connect the centrifuge to the electric current

3. Turn on the centrifuge

 4. Open the centrifuge lid with the open button.

5. Enter the solute answer in the steel tube centrifuge. The solution that is put on each
jar should be the same size

6. Insert the hole in the centrifuge hole. In order to place the sacred symbols of the
sacred order, the tubes must be placed in opposite opposition. However, the ground
does not need to be treated if all the holes in the centrifuge are filled with purified water
tubes.

7. Close the lid close the centrifuge.

8. Set or time required and determine the desired speed of rotation (Rpm)

9. Press the on button to start purifying the solution

10. After the purification is complete, press the open button and take all the solvents in
the purified savings and then take them back and forth.

F. Definition of HCT

“HCT is a presentation of the measurement results of the total amount of cholesterol

which has been separated from the blood plasma which is carried out by rotating it at a
specific tab in time and also certain speed.” Wilhem Wundt (1945). I agree with Wilhem
Wundt's opinion that the definition of hct is a tube that functions to collect blood that will be
separated by using a centrifug plasma. Hematite originates from the language of the swallow
fluid and the bleeding of the blood and the criterion of measuring. Right blood pressure is a
measurement of blood or blood valuation.

G. Examination on HCT

According to Garden Murphy (1965) “A hematocrit examination is performed to detect

anemia, accompanying examination of hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Hematocrit examination
can also be done to determine the body's reaction to the treatment that is being undertaken.”
To carry out blood-saving examination until blood is taken from venous blood vessels or
capillary blood vessels. As the blood has been taken in a special place, then used an
instrument called a centrifuge. This examination is carried out by transmitting centrifuge
and blood that has been placed in the centrifuge will be rotated with high speed. Other
blood compounds and also red blood will be separated by centrifugation.

From some of the theories put forward above, we agree with those experts who put
forward the HCT and centrifuge.
 CHAPTER III
Result and Discussion

A. Discussion

1. Tool And Ingredients

Tool : Ingredients:

1) centrifuge 1) blood

2) capillary tubes

3) HCT

2. Procedure

1) How the HCT Works

First, fill the capillary tube until it reaches three-quarter of the tube. then, cover the
end of the tube where the blood enters with a special cover. Next, place the capillary tube
into the centrifuge with the end of the lid and rotate the centrifuge at 1600 rpm for 3-5
minutes. Finally, lift up until you see a layer that is red blood cells and the plasma layer.

2) How the Centrifuge Works

first prepare the solution to be centrifuged, then place it in a tube of the same size. then
insert the tube containing the solution to be separated with the suspended substance in the
centrifuge hole. after that set the timer and the speed to be used by pressing the ON button
automatically the centrifuge machine will stop when finished at the specified time. Finally,
take a sample from a centrifuge.

d. Result

In practice this time the principle is done is by taking a hematocrit tube containing a
blood sample and then put it in a centrifuge. With this filtering, the blood will break into 3
parts namely plasma or liquid components, red blood cells and other cells.

The first thing to do is to take a blood sample from one of the S.Tr Medical
Laboratory Technology students. Then the blood sample is inserted into a purple hematocrit
tube containing EDTA fluid. After that, the hematocrit tube is inserted into the centrifuge.
Then, start the centrifuge machine by pressing the ON button and set the timer to be used
that is for 3-5 minutes. After completion, the centrifuge machine will stop and the blood in
the hematocrit tube will separate between the fluid, namely blood plasma and solids,
namely blood cells. As for the function of adding anticoagulants (EDTA), it is intended that
the blood does not clot, so that the blood condition can be maintained even if it is not
directly examined or examination takes a long time. After the examination is carried out,
the blood with the risk of anticoagulation can be stored for a certain amount of time, so that
if it has to be re-examined or other additional tests can be used again.

Hematocrit is usually taken from a blood sample by an automatic machine that

makes several other measurements at the same time. Most of these machines actually do
not directly count hematocrit, but count based on the amount of hemoglobin and the
average volume of red blood cells. hematocrit can also be determined by manual methods
using separators. Centrifuged the tube, the red cells will be packed to the bottom of the
tube. The proportion of red blood cells to total blood volume can be seen visually. Based on
its reproducibility and simplicity, this examination is the most reliable among other tests,
namely hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts. Can be used as a test to ease anemia.
 CHAPTER IV

Concusions, Suggestion, and Recomendation

A. Conclusions

The centrifuge is a fast-spinning machine, placing the centrifugation of its contents,

in order to separate the different liquid densities of the other states. Centrifuge works on the
principle of sedimentation, and is used in all fields of laboratories for research studies as
well as in medical films. Centrifuges are usually compact and made of metals and plastic.
The tool is used by an electric motor. Inside the centrifuge has a panel to place the tabs, the
number of tabs can be accommodated at any time. A button on the body centrifuge, can be
rotated to adjust the protections per minute, depending on the type of liquid, the
components that must be separated, the speed of the regulation being regulated.

Hematocrit is the volume of erythrocytes separated from plasma by turning it in

a special tab and the result is not significant in percent (%) of blood. Hematocrit (Ht) shows
the amount of percentage of red blood ratio. Blood red has an important role for health as a
carrier of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. In order to remain healthy, the body
requires a proportion of the red blood within the normal standard range. Every human being
has different normal hematocrit. These differences are based on the age, type of person a
person Teshematokrit (Hct) is a test that compares the proportion of red blood to all the
volume of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood plasma) together
with each other. Teshematokrit is part of the examination of the complete blood count
(Complete Blood Count), and the results are not in the form of percentages. As an example,
a 40% hematocrit value means that there are 40 milliliters of red blood in 100 milliliters of
blood. Theshematocrit is usually done to test anemia, leukemia, and malnutrition.

is in and the place where the collaborator is testing.

B. Suggestions

In the health laboratory there are many tools - tools that are often used in working
like centrifuge, before the operation of these tools is necessary to know the procedures for
their use in order to minimize the errors that can occur. Therefore, with the writing of this
paper, discussing about centrifuge and HCT tools can be beneficial to all in general and to
the laboratories in particular. It is not impossible to expect criticism and suggestions that
are constructive so that the writing of the papers - the next paper can be better again. Thank
you very much.
C. Recommendation

Based on the conclusions that have been presented, we propose recommendations that
may be useful and can be considered in order to improve maintenance and work safety in
using HCT and centrifuge.
 References

https://sentralalkes.com/blog/alat-centrifuge/

http://labipaunm.blogspot.com/2017/05/cantrifuge.html

https://www.kimiafi.com/2018/03/prinsip-fungsi-dan-cara-menggunakan-centrifuge.html

http://mulyadisbastian.blogspot.com/2https://www.alodokter.com/hydrochlorothiazide014/
09/centrifuge.html

https://www.medicalogy.com/blog/centrifuge-hematokrit-alat-bantu-cek-kadar-hematokrit-
darah/