PRECISE MOISTURE MEASUREMENT

P.O. Box 4, 6987 ZG Giesbeek

Nijverheidsstraat 30,
6987 EM Giesbeek,
The Netherlands
T +31 313 880200
F +31 313 880299
E info@eijkelkamp.com
I http://www.eijkelkamp.com

TRIME -PICO 64/32

®

Manual

Silver Medal Innovation

Award of the DLG (German
Agricultural Society)

Innovation Award of the

State of
Baden-Württemberg

M1.14.65.03-06.E
 Manual for TRIME®-PICO 64/32
status October 2009

List of contents

1 Functional Description ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Operation modes..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Operation mode A (Bus communication)......................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Operation mode B (Single measurement) ....................................................................................... 5
1.1.3 Operation mode C (Cyclic measurement)........................................................................................ 5
1.1.4 PC connection.................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 External power supply ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Installation hints ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Technical Data ............................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 TRIME-PICO64 ......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 TRIME-PICO32 ......................................................................................................................................... 7
3 TRIME-PICO64/32 Versions: ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 PICO DataLogger cable 5m with end splices (Item no.: 300082) ............................................................ 9
3.2 PICO IMP-Bus cable 5m, 4-pin female connector (Item no.: 300080) ..................................................... 9
3.3 PICO BT+TRIME-HD cable 1,5m, 7-pin female connector (Item no.:300081) ......................................... 9
3.4 Accessories ............................................................................................................................................ 10

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 3.4.1 E-Box (Extension Box), (Item no.: 300092)..................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 C-Box (Current Box), (Item no.: 300091)........................................................................................ 10
3.4.3 SM-USB (Converter Module), (Item no.: 100020) .......................................................................... 11
3.4.4 PICO-BT, (Item no.: 300090).......................................................................................................... 11
4 Installation details: .................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Temperature measurement: .................................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Installation equipment: .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1 Preparation set for TRIME-PICO64, (Item no.: 302035)................................................................. 12
4.2.2 Preparation set for TRIME-PICO32, (Item no.: 302023)................................................................. 12
4.2.3 Extension tubes for TRIME-PICO64 & TRIME-PICO32 .................................................................. 13
4.2.4 Hand Auger Set for TRIME-PICO64 & TRIME-PICO32.................................................................. 13
5 Remote Power Supply to TRIME-PICO .................................................................................................... 14
6 Basic Calibration with the Calibration Set ............................................................................................... 16
6.1 What is a basic calibration? ................................................................................................................... 16
6.2 What are the benefits of the calibration set for the user? ..................................................................... 16
6.2.1 Calibration set for TRIME probes .................................................................................................. 16
6.3 How to perform basic calibration?......................................................................................................... 17
6.3.1 Preparation of the glass beads ...................................................................................................... 17
6.3.2 Basic calibration procedure ........................................................................................................... 17
7 Material-Specific Calibration .................................................................................................................... 18
8 Mounting Spare Rods with O-ring Seals.................................................................................................. 19
9 EMV/EMI protection ................................................................................................................................. 20
10 Information on Lightning Protection of the ENVIS Environmental Measurement System (IMP-Bus,
GlobeLog Logger and integrated Sensors) ............................................................................................. 20
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 20
10.2 Excess voltage protection on 110/220V mains supply .......................................................................... 20
10.3 Protection of modem and telephone lines ............................................................................................ 20
10.4 Excess voltage protection for network modules by "SM-Blitz" ............................................................ 20
10.5 Lightning protection on meteorological towers .................................................................................... 20
10.6 Installation instructions for SM BLITZ lightning protection modules..................................................... 21
10.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 21
11 Configuration examples............................................................................................................................ 22
11.1 PICO 64/32 connected to the GlobeLog logger ................................................................................... 22
12 Error codes ................................................................................................................................................ 23
12.1 TRIMETOOL Errors (Software errors),which will be coded with 4 digits. ............................................ 23
12.2 PICO Errors (Firmware errors). The errors come from the firmware, from 1 to 255.............................. 25

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1 Functional Description
The intelligent and compact TRIME-PICO64/32 sensors are measurement devices for continuous and
non-destructive determination of volumetric soil moisture and soil temperature. They are designed
for stationary subterranean field use. A variety of installation options (greater depth, vertical or hori-
zontal orientation) offer a wide range of applications.
TRIME-PICO64/32 systems require an external 7-24V/DC power supply. They are designed for con-
nection to a data logger or a PC for monitoring and data logging purposes.

Your sensor is supplied ready for use and works in a wide range of standard soils. For further
information please check the details under Section 6!

1.1 Operation modes

TRIME-PICO64/32 systems are supplied with an IMP-Bus interface and analogue output of 0..1V for
soil moisture and temperature.

TRIME-PICO64/32 sensors can be easily connected to an IMKO GlobeLogger (Operation mode A)

and conventional analogue data loggers (operation modes B and C).

A detailed description of how to select a specific operation mode for your application can be found
below.
PLEASE NOTE: Analogue dataloggers require differential inputs!

1.1.1 Operation mode A (Bus communication)

TRIME-PICO64/32 systems can be connected directly to the IMP-Bus (4-wire bus system), either via
IMKO’s GlobeLog datalogger or via the SM-23U level converter module for use in conjunction with
the EnvisLog data-logging software.
If multiple sensors are to be wired as a network, IMKO offers 3-port, 6-port and 12-port distribution
modules. Please note that the IMP-Bus cable length and cable diameter must be properly matched
as otherwise the energy consumption of the TRIME sensors (100mA @ 12V/DC for 2..3s) may cause a
drop in voltage. More information is available in Section 5.

Benefits:

 Extremely low power consumption in field installations (with GlobeLogger)

 Straightforward installation and simple wiring by virtue of pre-configured standard

components (e.g. lightning protection, distribution modules…)

 Attachment of any other analogue sensors to IMP-Bus (via SM-Modules)

 Systems are supplied ready for use

 Cable length >1000m (with only 4 wires for all sensors)

For use with:

 GlobeLogger

 EnvisLog (PC-Software for Microsoft Windows) only with converter module SM-USB

 IMKO calibration and test software TRIMETool (see www.imko.de) only with con-
verter module SM-USB

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1.1.2 Operation mode B (Single measurement)

TRIME-PICO64/32 will perform a single measurement when the power is switched on. Once the
measurement has been taken (2..3s) the readings are supplied as analogue output signals until the
power is switched off. The probe switches to the energy-saving mode (>1mA) and takes no more
measurements until the power has been switched off.

Benefits:

 Low power consumption in field installations

 Easy control of the measurement rate from an external source

 No implementation of commands necessary

For use with:

 Switched power supply

 Analogue data loggers with relay

 PC A/D converter boards with relay

1.1.3 Operation mode C (Cyclic measurement)

TRIME-PICO64/32 takes measurements at a freely configurable measurement rate (from 8s..24h).
Once the measurements have been taken (2..3s) the measured values are supplied as analogue out-
put signals. Until the next measurement is finished, the values of the previous measurement are
available as analogue signal. In standby until the next measurement is executed the probe consumes
8..10mA @ 12V/DC, if the communication is set to standby (can be changed in TRIMETool software)
2..3mA @ 12V/DC.
Benefits:
 Probe can be supplied with mains power
 Measurement rate can be specified as required (even independent from logging rate of
analogue logger)
 No implementation of commands necessary
 Non-intelligent logger can be used (without power management)
For use with:
 Mains power
 Analogue data loggers with mains power
 PC A/D converter boards

The operation mode is preset to customer specifications prior to despatch. Reconfiguration is

possible using the complementary software TRIMETool (download under http://www.imko.de).

1.1.4 PC connection
The TRIME-PICO64/32 can be connected to a PC via:
SM-23U IMP-Bus  RS232 converter module
BT-Module IMP-Bus  Bluetooth converter module

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 SM-USB IMP-Bus/RS485  USB converter module

1.2 External power supply

In the IMP-Bus the power to sensors can be supplied by battery, a complete solar system or mains
power. For serial connection of a large number of sensors or long IMP232-bus cables it is advisable
to use a power amplifier module (SM-23LV) or decentralised power supply.

1.3 Installation hints

Please assure careful installation of the probes with close contact between rod and soil. It is impor-
tant to avoid air pockets around the rods as the highest measuring sensitivity is directly around
them.
Air pockets around the probe rods can reduce the measured moisture reading. Where saturated
soils are involved, water-filled air pockets will result in an exaggerated reading.

IMKO supplies pre-drilling sets for an optimal preparation of the installation point avoiding compac-
tion of soil otherwise caused by the insertion of the rods.

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2 Technical Data

2.1 TRIME-PICO64 2.2 TRIME-PICO32

For in situ monitoring of volumetric moisture in For in situ monitoring of volumetric moisture in
soils. The large measuring volume is particularly soils. The small measuring volume permits high
suitable for applications in heterogeneous and spatial resolution. Burying capability for both
skeletal media. Burying capability for both hori- horizontal and vertical orientation.
zontal and vertical orientation.

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3 TRIME-PICO64/32 Versions:
3.1 PICO DataLogger cable 5m with end splices (Item no.: 300082)
Wiring:
Pink: Shield
Grey: 0..1V = -40..+70°C soil tem-
perature
Violet: AGND
White: 0..1V = 0..100% vol. water
content
Blue: COM (IMP-Bus)
Green: R/T (IMP-Bus)
Black: GND
Red: +Vs

3.2 PICO IMP-Bus cable 5m, 4-pin female connector (Item no.: 300080)
Pin layout:
Pin 1: +Vs
Pin 2: R/T (IMP-Bus)
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: COM (IMP-Bus)

3.3 PICO BT+TRIME-HD cable 1,5m, 7-pin female connector (Item

no.:300081)
Pin layout:
Pin 1: +Vs
Pin 2: RS485-B
Pin 3: GND
Pin 4: RS485-A
Pin 5: 0..1V = 0..100% vol. soil water content
Pin 6: AGND
Pin 7: 0..1V = -40..+70°C soil temperature

List of abbreviations:
+Vs: + Voltage supply (7..24V/DC) COM: Common (ground for IMP-Bus)
GND: Ground (for voltage supply) AGND: Analogue ground
R/T: Receive/Transmit (on IMP-Bus)

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3.4 Accessories

3.4.1 E-Box (Extension Box), (Item no.: 300092)

For extending the cable length of the TRIME-PICO with DataLogger cable (see 3.1) up
to 35m with 0..1V output signal.

3.4.2 C-Box (Current Box), (Item no.: 300091)

For extending the cable length of the TRIME-PICO with DataLogger cable (see 3.1) and
converting the 0..1V signal into 0(4)..20mA (cable length >100m possible).

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3.4.3 SM-USB (Converter Module), (Item no.: 100020)
For connecting any of the TRIME-PICO (see 3.1 to 3.3, for 3.2 & 3.3 adapter required)
via the USB-Interface to a PC. The module offers 2 Sensor-Interfaces, IMP-Bus (IMKO
specific) and RS485 (industrial standard). One sensor can be powered out of the USB-
Interface, if multiple sensors are connected external power supply is required!

3.4.4 PICO-BT, (Item no.: 300090)

For connecting the TRIME-PICO with PICO BT+TRIME-HD cable (see 3.3) to a
PDA/PC via Bluetooth interface. Module contains a internal rechargeable battery, which
enables >1000 measurements.

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4 Installation details:
4.1 Temperature measurement:

Conclusion: the probes should be permanently buried in the soil for

optimum temperature measurement!

4.2 Installation equipment:

4.2.1 Preparation set for TRIME-PICO64, (Item no.: 302035)

For preboring the soil prior to probe insertion.
1 x spike
1 x core drill
1 x PVC block
Item no.: 302035

4.2.2 Preparation set for TRIME-PICO32, (Item no.: 302023)

For preboring the soil prior to probe insertion. Rod
length: 110mm.
Item no.: 302023

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 For compacted, coarse or stony soil use the preparation set to bore
a pilot hole!

Preboring using the preparation rods for PICO32 and PICO64 avoids
compaction of soil (which would impair measurement accuracy)
damaging the probe’s rods or rod tips. A defective PVC rod coating or a blank rod is sensi-
tive to electromagnetic charge and may destroy the electronics of sensor.

4.2.3 Extension tubes for TRIME-PICO64 & TRIME-PICO32

Length 0.5m: Item no.: 302014
Length 1.0m: Item no.: 302015

4.2.4 Hand Auger Set for TRIME-PICO64 & TRIME-PICO32

Please contact us for further details.

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5 Remote Power Supply to TRIME-PICO
The operation of TRIME sensors may cause problems when power has to be supplied via long ca-
bles. There are limitations to the maximum cable length depending on the cable diameter.
When power is supplied over long distance the maximum cable length depends on the cable cross
section A, the supply voltage Vs and the number n of the sensors measuring simultaneously. Device-
specific data also be applied to the formula:

Power consumption during measurements: Inorm = 100mA @ 12V/DC

Power consumption at min. voltage: Imax = 175mA @ 7V/DC
Supply voltage: Vs = 12V
Minimum sensor voltage at circuit end: Vmin = 7V
Wire cross section: A = 0,34mm²
Specific electrical resistance of copper:  = 0.0178Ω x mm² / m
Number of sensors: n = 1…

The maximum possible circuit length Imax can then be calculated in the following manner:
A  (Vs  Vmin )
lmax 
2    n  I max
Please see the following the following example:
In the IMP232 environmental measurement system a bus cable with a wire cross section of
A = 0.34 mm2 is normally used. We further assume that the power supply voltage is Vs =12 V and
only one sensor is designated to measure. Thus n = 1.

0.34mm 2  (12V  7V )
lmax   270m
mm 2
0.0356  1  0.175 A
m
In the above calculation, no tolerance is included; for security reasons the calculated cable length
should be reduced by 10% to obtain a realistic value.
In order to increase the maximum possible cable length several solutions are feasible.
1. Using cables with larger conductor diameters
By using 6-core conductor cables instead of 4-core, the cable length can be doubled
as two extra cores can be used for power supply. Cables with conductors of larger di-
ameters will further increase the maximum cable length possible.
2. Increasing the power supply voltage
Power supply voltage can be increased up to 17V, thereby raising the maximum
length from 270m to 540m in the example calculation above.
3. Installation of buffer batteries in the distributor
Additional storage batteries close to the TRIME sensors, e.g. in the distributor, allow
cable lengths up to 1km and enable simultaneous measurement of several sensors.
However, this method requires an additional charging circuit for the buffer storage
battery.
4. Installation of a voltage regulator at the distributor
Voltage loss in the cable can be reduced with a 30V power supply and an installation
of a voltage regulator directly in front of the TRIME sensor, thus allowing circuit
lengths of up to 1km.

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Which solution is best suited mainly depends on the nature of the power supply of the measurement
system:
Battery supply: solution 1 and possibly solution 3 should be considered, the latter being
relatively expensive.
Mains supply: solutions 1 and 2 could be combined, or, more expensive, solutions 2 or 4
could be chosen.

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6 Basic Calibration with the Calibration Set
6.1 What is a basic calibration?
Basic calibration serves to compensate the cable length and tolerances of the probe mechan-
ics (thickness of the rod coating, rod length, etc.). After two measurements, one in dry and one
in water- saturated glass beads, the calibration data is calculated and stored in the TRIME sen-
sor.
Every TRIME-PICO64/32sensor must be calibrated before it can supply proper measurement
results. Basic calibration is carried out by IMKO in the factory prior to shipment.

6.2 What are the benefits of the calibration set for the user?
With the calibration set you can easily carry out basic calibration of your TRIME sensor your-
self.
If defective probe rods must be changed, you can perform the required basic calibra-
tion yourself.
The calibration set cannot be used for establishing a material (soil) specific calibration. For this
purpose a measurement dataset must be created for the specific material. The complementary
calibration program TRIME-Tool is required to calculate the calibration data for this dataset
and to download it to the TRIME-PICO-Probe.

6.2.1 Calibration set for TRIME probes

For basic calibration of TRIME probes.
- 2 x boxes (7 litres.)
- 22kg glass beads
Item no.: 305017

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6.3 How to perform basic calibration?

6.3.1 Preparation of the glass beads

The glass beads, supplied with the calibration set, have to be prepared first:
Fill up one bucket until the rods of the probe can be immersed completely. To obtain a consis-
tent density, knock the bucket on the ground several times.
The density of the glass beads increases with frequent insertion of probes. Therefore the glass beads should
be poured out into another bucket and poured back to achieve the original density.

Now the second bucket has to be filled with water in order to be able to fill in the glass beads
without leaving air-bubbles. An additional precaution against air-bubbles is to stir slightly while
filling in the glass beads. The container must now be knocked on the ground several times to
obtain a consistent density. The surplus water must be poured out until the depth of the water
film above the glass beads is less than 2mm.
The water-saturated glass beads should be in a temperature range between 20°C and 25°.
Attention: Water dissolves Na2O and K2O from glass which causes a rising pH-value and higher electrical
conductivity. New glass beads have to be washed intensively with tap water!!!
1. Fill a bucket with water
2. Stir the beads under water to drive out all air bubbles
3. Pour out the water. This procedure should be done with new glass beads at least five times,
each time with fresh water. If the glass beads have been in use for a prolonged period, three
times is sufficient.

Please note that the electrical conductivity of the water-saturated glass beads medium
increases already after a few days storage. Therefore the glass beads must be washed again
before the next calibration.

6.3.2 Basic calibration procedure

Basic calibration must be performed using the calibration program TRIME-Tool . Please read
the information about basic calibration with TRIME-Tool in the Help function of the TRIME-
Tool software.

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7 Material-Specific Calibration
Your TRIME measuring system operates with a universal calibration for mineral soils as a standard.
The following parameters limit the application range of the universal calibration:
 Clay content: >50%
 Organic content: >10%
 Bulk density: <1.1kg/dm³ or >1.7kg/dm³
Exceeding these limits may cause the tolerances given on page 5 to be overstepped.
Material-specific calibration is advisable if your soil is listed above or if you require accuracy down to
the last digit. The TRIME-Tool software is required for setting up a material-specific calibration
(download under www.imko.de).
A test series with reference values is necessary for performing material-specific calibration (e.g. Oven
drying at 105°C until weight is constant). The test series —and consequently the calibration— should
include minimum and maximum moisture values. TRIME readings and reference values are com-
pared in a table. The calibration coefficients must then be calculated and uploaded to the TRIME-
device.

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8 Mounting Spare Rods with O-ring Seals

1) Prepare probe body, seals, rods 2) Insert the seals into the bore holes

3) Push the seals to the base of the bore holes 4) Screw the rods into the probe body
where the threads begin

NOTE!
Basic calibration must be performed after exchanging the rods.
Failure to do so will cause a deviation of +2% or more!

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9 EMV/EMI protection
EMV/EMI protection using ferrite filters ensures better interference suppression and therefore im-
proves measurement accuracy. Ferrite filters are integrated into the TRIME sensor and at the con-
nector end of the sensor cable.

10 Information on Lightning Protection of the

ENVIS Environmental Measurement System
(IMP-Bus, GlobeLog Logger and integrated Sensors)

10.1 Introduction
Lightning strikes can cause considerable and costly damage to unprotected electronics. The equip-
ment is often totally destroyed. A good number of users are not or only partially insured. Customers
who have lightning protection insurance must comply with defined clauses regarding lightning and
excess voltage. Insurance companies only cover the damage when compliance with the defined
clauses has been proven. IMKO strongly recommends adequate lightning / excess voltage protec-
tion equipment for ENVIS environmental measurement systems.

10.2 Excess voltage protection on 110/220V mains supply

Lightning strikes in proximity to high-voltage transmission lines can cause excess voltage in the
mains power supply which may result in damage of electronic components. Environmental meas-
urement systems with 110/220V mains supply are at risk from this excess voltage. It may affect the
whole system through the power supply unit and the central station (GlobeLog Logger or SM-23U).
Excess voltage can even enter the measuring system through the data acquisition computer’s mains
power supply. An excess voltage protection is highly recommended for all 110/220V devices con-
nected to the ENVIS system

10.3 Protection of modem and telephone lines

Telephone lines are at risk from excess voltage. If a modem is connected to the measurement sys-
tem the telephone line should also be protected by a lightning protection module.

10.4 Excess voltage protection for network modules by "SM-Blitz"

Excess voltage caused by lightning strokes in close proximity to the environmental measurement
test system may enter the IMP-Bus transmission lines. Longer lines increase the risk of lightning
strikes. Theoretically maximum protection is achieved by installation of a lightning protection mod-
ule (SM-Blitz) in front of each SM-Module. Lightning protection is not cheap but it is certainly
worthwhile. A compromise should be found between costs and the maximum-affordable protection,
i.e. interconnection of adjacent SM-Modules to lightning protected groups.

10.5 Lightning protection on meteorological towers

SM-Modules installed on meteorological towers cannot be protected from lightning strikes. The field
strength resulting from the electromagnetic fields and the associated accumulated energy will cause
damage to the electronics. Two solutions to the problem:
Erect a higher lightning conductor close to the meteorological tower serving as a lightning
conductor.
Install the measuring modules a number of metres away. Then all lines coming from the
tower have to be protected by lightning protection modules.
10.6 Installation instructions for SM BLITZ lightning protection modules
Basically, there are two potential sources of risk in the field of environmental measurement technol-
ogy: transmission lines and sensors or network devices. Lightning protection modules should always
be installed at the beginning and at the end of a circuit in order to protect the electronics from ex-
cess voltage (Attention: SM-Blitz modules have a protected and an unprotected side).
The SM-BLITZ lightning protection module has to be grounded using a ground conductor with a
wire cross- section of at least 6 mm2 screwed to the long side of the module. A 2-metre long
grounding rod may serve as a ground conductor. Grounding is optimal when the grounding rod is in
direct contact with ground water.

10.7 Conclusion
Only limited protection against excess voltage is possible where natural phenomenon such as light-
ning strikes are concerned. Direct lightning strikes may cause damage nevertheless.

If you have any questions regarding lightning protection please do not hesitate to contact us.

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11 Configuration examples
11.1 PICO 64/32 connected to the GlobeLog logger

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12 Error codes
12.1 TRIMETOOL Errors (Software errors),which will be coded with 4
digits.

Code Explanation Measurement

0101-0108, Serial Port errors Check port's setting or if
the port has been opened.
0301
Then close and restart the
program.
0201 No answer Check the power of Pico,
the serial port of PC and
the connection between PC
and PICO.
0202-0212 Protocol errors Check if TRIMETool’s
version passes PICO’s
version.
0302-0307 Protocol error, Parameter Check if parameters are
setting false correct and if TRIMETool’s
version passes PICO’s
version.
0401 Can not find config file Look for the file in the exe
TRIMETool.con path. If not found, copy the
file to the path.
0501-0508 Errors in Event & Restart PICO and
MeasureMode TRIMETool
0601,0602,0604, Operation errors in Basic Operate correctly and try it
Balancing again.
0605,0606,0607,
0609
0603,0608,0610, Communication or protocol Restart PICO and
errors in Basic Balancing TRIMETool.
0611
0701,0702 Read file errors in Material Check if the files are in the
Property Calibration required path. If not, copy
the files to the path or
redefine the path under the
menu
Bus/Configuration/Material
Property Calibration.
0703 Operation errors in Material Operate correctly and try it
Property Calibration again.
0704, 0705,0706 Communication or protocol Restart PICO and
errors in Material Property TRIMETool.
Calibration
0801-0805,0901 Operation errors in Operate correctly and try it
Calibration IDs and Names again.
1001,1101,1102 Read file errors in Calibration Check if the files are in the
IDs and Names required path. If not, copy

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 the files to the path or
redefine the path under the
menu
Bus/Configuration/Material
Property Calibration.
1201, 1203 Operation errors in Test Operate correctly and try it
again.
1202 Communication or protocol Restart PICO and
errors in Test TRIMETool.
1301 Write file error in Test Check file path and try it
again. If failed, restart
TRIMETool.
4001-4002, Read file or write file errors Check the files and try
again.
4101-4106,4201
4301-4303 Intenal calculating errors Restart TRIMETool and try
again.Otherwise contact
IMKO.

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 12.2 PICO Errors (Firmware errors). The errors come from the firmware,
from 1 to 255.

Code Explanation Measurement

1-19 The serial communication errors due to Power off, power on PICO and try it
incorrect telegram, baud rate, timing again. Otherwise contact IMKO.
etc.

20-39 incorrect command number, command Power off, power on PICO and try it
right or command parameters. again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

40-49 EEPROM is defect Power off, power on PICO and try it

again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

50-59 ASIC is defect Power off, power on PICO and try it

again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

60 Power voltage is too low Check power voltage of PICO, it is mini-

mal 6V.

100 TDR measurement parameter is incor- Adjust the TDR measurement parameters
rectly set or the material conductivity is or contact IMKO
too high.

101 TDR measurement parameter is incor- Adjust the TDR measurement parameters
rectly set or contact IMKO

102 ASIC is defect Power off, power on PICO and try it

again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

103 EC parameter is incorrectly set. Power off, power on PICO and try it
again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

105 Tp is out of range for the standard Check if PICO is inserted in the measured
calibration polynomial. material correctly.

108 TDR measurement parameter is incor- Adjust the TDR measurement parameters
rectly set or the material conductivity is or contact IMKO
too high.

120-129 Internal chip problem Power off, power on PICO and try it
again. Otherwise contact IMKO.

130-199 Internal errors Contact IMKO

200-254 Reserved

255 The data transmission is not finished.

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