COTABATO CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

COTABATO CITY

RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 1

DE CASTRO, EDMAR C.

September, 2020
 STEPS OF THE
RESEARCH PROCESS

Identify
A Problem

Review of
Literature

Formulate
Hypotheses

Prepare the
Research
Design

Data
Collection

Data Analysis
An understanding of the
research process is
necessary to effectively Interpretation and
carry out research and Conclusion
sequencing of the stages
inherent in the process.

Report Writing
 STEPS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

IDENTIFY A PROBLEM

The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The
research problem may be something you observe and identifies as a problem, some knowledge or
information that is needed by people around you, or the desire to identify a recreation trend
nationally. Selecting a topic can be the most challenging part of a research process. Since this is
the very first step in writing a paper, it is vital that it be done correctly. A well-identified problem
will lead the researcher to accomplish all-important phases of the research process, starting from
setting objectives to the selection of the research methodology.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A review of relevant literature is an integral part of the research process. It allows

researchers to ask questions based on specific aspects of the general field of interest of the
researchers, that have not been studied so far. Such comments not only allow researchers to
access more knowledge, but are also equipped with enhanced knowledge that can effectively
track the research process. Through a proper review of the literature, researchers can establish
consistency between research results and others' research results.

FORMULATE HYPOTHESES

A hypothesis is an unproven statement or proposition that can be refuted or supported by

empirical data. Hypothetical statement assertions may answer research questions. It serves as
answers to research questions and guides data collection and interpretation. Assumptions allow
researchers not only to discover relationships between variables, but also to predict relationships
based on theoretical guidance and/or empirical evidence. In addition, it helps provide links to
basic theories and specific research questions. It helps to analyze data and measure the validity
and reliability of the research. This is important because it allows researchers to understand the
process of researching the problem.
PREPARE THE RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the blueprint or framework for achieving goals and answering
research questions. It is an overall plan that specifies the methods and procedures for collecting,
processing and analyzing the collected data. Choosing the right research design is the most
important decision in determining any research method. This is very important for the way
research is conducted (especially sampling and data analysis). Remember that the research
design of qualitative and quantitative research is different. It is needed because it can promote
the smooth progress of various research operations, so that the research is as efficient as possible,
so as to generate the greatest information with the least energy, time and money. Please note that
the research design has a significant impact on the reliability of the results obtained.

DATA COLLECTION

In any defined population, the scope of data collection may range from simple
observations to large-scale surveys. There are many ways to collect data. The method chosen
depends on the research objectives, research design, and availability of time, money, and
personnel. As the type of data to be collected (qualitative or quantitative) changes, the method of
data collection also changes. Before collecting data, many preparations need to be done. If it is a
questionnaire survey, it may be necessary to collect experimental data. Not all compulsory
phases of papers are master data collection. If you want to conduct desk-based research, you can
skip this stage. Researchers can evaluate their hypotheses based on the collected data. In most
cases, regardless of the research field, data collection is the main and most important step of
research. The method of data collection is different for different research fields, depending on the
information required. Some data collection methods are interviews, questionnaires and surveys,
participant observations, files and records, and focus group interviews.
DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis usually involves reducing accumulated data to a manageable size, writing
abstracts, searching patterns, and applying statistical techniques to understand and interpret
findings based on research questions. Play an important role in achieving research goals and
objectives. Data analysis methods differ between middle school and elementary school research
and qualitative and quantitative research. There are many ways to analyze data, because the use
of statistical data is different according to the needs of the research, so it is important for every
analyst to master the knowledge of all statistical methods. Researchers must individually
examine each research question and hypothesis and assign appropriate statistics to them.
Likewise, it is important to ensure that data analysis is conducted in a responsible manner.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION

Data interpretation is the process of checking data through some predefined processes,
which will help assign some meaning to the data and draw relevant conclusions. It involves
taking the results of data analysis, making inferences about the relationships of the research, and
using them to draw conclusions. The interpretation of the data assigns meaning to the analyzed
information and determines its meaning and implications. Interpretation requires fair and careful
judgment. Usually, the same data can be interpreted in different ways.

Conclusion relate to the level of achievement of research aims and objectives. In this
final part of your dissertation you will have to justify why you think that research aims and
objectives have been achieved. Conclusions also need to cover research limitations and
suggestions for future research. It is intended to help the reader understand why your research
should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a
summary of your points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points.
It should clarify the intent and importance of the paper. It can also suggest possible future
research on the topic.
REPORT WRITING

Following all the above stages, organizing the individual chapters into one file will
complete the first draft. Make sure to write the report according to the details available, pointing
out that this is always the best decision you make about your research. The purpose of writing a
paper is to collect different views, data, evidence and facts on the subject from books, articles
and Internet resources, as well as the information collected in the learning process, and then
interpret it as your own writing. . The report will be prepared to consider the order presented in
the research process. The report tells us what we will complete, how, where, and who. It must
also show the benefits of doing so. To this end, it is necessary to prepare a report to transmit
findings and recommendations to administrators to achieve the purpose of the research process.

*Take note that research is a system of interdependent related stages. Violation of this sequence
can cause irreparable harm to the study. It is also true that several alternatives are available to the
researcher during each of the stages stated above. A research process can be compared with a
route map*