Chem F4 PP1 MS

MWAKICAN CHEMISTRY PP.
1
FORM 4
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) The elements forms ions by losing electrons hence have less number of energy levels than
corresponding atoms.
b) Down the group, atomic radii with increase in the number of occupied energy levels.
c) Element Z. It has largest atomic radius hence easily looses its outermost electrons.
- Z has a lower ionization energy and most electropositive.
2. Concentration of NaOH = 8/40 = 0.2M ½

Moles of NaOH = 0.2 x 25 = 0.005 mol ½
1000
Reacting mole ratio 2:1 ½
Moles of acid 0.005 = 0.0025 ½
2
½
R.M.M of acid= 0.245 = 98 ½
0.0025
3. a) Over indulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance especially alcohol or drugs.

b) - Anxiety and irritability
- Lung cancer
- Heart diseases
-Stained teeth/bad breathe
-Reduces fertility
- Respiratory diseases
4. a) Zn2+ & Cl-

b) Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s)
c) [Zn(NH3)4] 2+
5. Bonds broken
944 + 3 x 436 = +2252KJ
Bonds formed
2(3 x388) = 232KJ
Heat of reaction = + 2252 – 2328 = -76KJ
6. Add water to the mixture; transfer the mixture to the separating funnel; shake well and allow to
settle; water mixes with ethanol and forms lower layer while the upper layer is hexane. Draw
out the lower and remain with hexane.
7. Fractional distiration.
8. i) 2 CL –(aq) CL2(g) + 2e-
ii) 2 Na+ (aq) + 2e- 2 Na(s)
9. mass of saturated solution = 26.86 – 15.86 = 11.0g (½ mk each)

Mass of salt = 16.86 – 15.86 = 1g
Mass of water = 11 – 1= 10g
If 10g of water contains 1g of salt
100g of water = 1/10 x 100 = 10g/100g of water
10. a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass
number.
b) R.A.M. = (28 x 99.2) + (29x 4.7) + (30 x 3.1 1mk

100
= 2810.9
100
= 28.109 1 mk
½ ½
11. Add excess lead carbonate to dilute nitric(V) acid; filter to obtain lead(II) nitrate as filtrate. Add
the filtrate to dilute hydrochloric acid; filter to obtain lead(II) chloride as residue; wash the
residue with distilled water; dry between filter paper. ½
½
12. a) Q
b) P
c) R
13. Incomplete combustion of fuel leads to formation of carbon(II) oxide which is poisonous.
14. a)
b) 3 Cu(s) + 8 HNO3 (l) Cu (N03)2(aq) + 2 N0 (g) + H2O(l)
15. P1V1 = P2V2

T1 ½mk T2
750 x 250 = 750 x V2 ( 1mk
300 315 = 262.5cm 3 (1 mk)
½mk
16. Does not wet the container
Efficient coolant than water
17.
18. Mass of C in Co2 12/44 x 2.64 = 0.710 (½ mk each)

Mass of H2 in H2O 12/18 x 1.08 = 0.12
Mass 0.710 0.12
Mole 0.059 0.12
0.059 0.059
Mole Ratio 1 2
EF = CH2
MF (CH2 )n = 84 MF = (CH2)6 ,
4n = 84
N = 6 ½mk = C 6 H12 ½mk
19. But-l-yne (½ mk)

H H H
I I I
C= C - C - C - H (½mk)
I I
H H
ii) 2, 2 – dimethylpropane ½mk
H
H –C– H
H C C C H
H C H
H
20. Brown solid is deposited; blue solution changes to pale green solution; brown solid is due to
copper; iron is more reactive and displaces copper. Blue solution changes to pale green due to
iron (II) ions having displaced copper. Labeling - ½mk
21.
Normal bonds - ½ mk
Dative bond - ½ mk
22. a) SXTU - first and last correct - 1 mk

all correct - 2 mks
b) T(s) + X (aq) → T2+(aq) + X(s)
2+
23. T3PO3-3 → TPO3
24. a) Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure the rate of diffusion or a gas is
inversely proportional to square root of its density.
b) Rate of oxygen = 60/10 = 6cm3/sec (½ mk each)

Rate of Cl2 = 100/30 = 3.33cm3 /sec
RO2 =√x/1.25; 6/3.33 = √ x/1.25
= 36/11.0884 = x/1.25
x= 4.058
½mk ½mk ½mk
25. In methylbenzene ammonia does not ionize. In addition of water it ionizes and OH - are formed
which are responsible for the colour change in the litmus.
26. a) i) 2.8.2
ii) 2.7
b) P2Q3
27. a) Oxygen gas

b) To speed up the reaction
c) In fractional distillation of liquidified air.
28. Brown iron (III) chloride solution turn green iron (II) chloride or yellow solid is deposited at the
bottom of the test tube.
b) H2S(g) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 2FeCl2(aq) + S(s) + 2HCl(aq)
29. NH4NO2(s) heat N2(s)+ 2H2O(l)
b) -Manufacture of ammonia
-In food preservation
-Provide inert atmosphere in bulbs
30. a) Cracking
b) Heating / use of catalyst
c) Alkene
31. Add water to the powder and stir. Insert pH paper into the solution. Compare the colour
formed against the colours given on the pH chart. Record the pH value of the colour that
corresponds with the colour formed on the pH paper.

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MWAKICAN CHEMISTRY PP.

2. Concentration of NaOH = 8/40 = 0.2M ½

3. a) Over indulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance especially alcohol or drugs.

4. a) Zn2+ & Cl-

ii) 2 Na+ (aq) + 2e- 2 Na(s)

9. mass of saturated solution = 26.86 – 15.86 = 11.0g (½ mk each)

b) R.A.M. = (28 x 99.2) + (29x 4.7) + (30 x 3.1 1mk

15. P1V1 = P2V2

18. Mass of C in Co2 12/44 x 2.64 = 0.710 (½ mk each)

19. But-l-yne (½ mk)

22. a) SXTU - first and last correct - 1 mk

23. T3PO3-3 → TPO3

b) Rate of oxygen = 60/10 = 6cm3/sec (½ mk each)

27. a) Oxygen gas

b) H2S(g) + 2FeCl3(aq) → 2FeCl2(aq) + S(s) + 2HCl(aq)

29. NH4NO2(s) heat N2(s)+ 2H2O(l)

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