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Clause As Contemplated in Art. 1226?

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ROBES-FRANCISCO REALTY & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v.

CFI and MILLAN


G.R. No. L-41093 October 30, 1978

FACTS: Robes-Francisco Realty & Development Corporation agreed to sell to Lolita Millan for and in consideration
of the sum of P3,864.00, payable in installments, a parcel of land in Caloocan. Millan complied with her obligation
under the contract and the vendor agreed to cause the issuance of the transfer certificate of title within 6 months.
However, vendor failed to issue the transfer certificate of title. Millan filed a complaint for specific performance
and damages against Robes-Francisco Realty & Development Corporation. The complainant wants to: compel the
reformation of the deed of absolute sale; 2) compel the defendant to deliver the certificate of title or to pay not
less than P27,600.00; 3) claim for damages. In its defense, petitioner invokes Art. 1226 and contends that the deed
of absolute sale executed between the parties stipulates that should the vendor fail to issue the transfer certificate
of title within six months from the date of full payment, it shall refund to the vendee the total amount paid for
with interest at the rate of 4% per annum, hence, the vendee is bound by the terms of the provision and cannot
recover more than what is agreed upon.

ISSUE: Whether or not the provision in the contract which stipulates interest at the rate of 4% per annum is a penal
clause as contemplated in Art. 1226?

Ruling: No, it is inconceivable that the provision in the deed of sale is a penal clause which will preclude an award
of damages to the vendee Millan. The said clause does not convey any penalty, for even without it, pursuant to
Article 2209 of the Civil Code, the vendee would be entitled to recover the amount paid by her with legal rate of
interest which is even more than the 4% provided for in the clause.

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