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Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257: G.R. No. L-5426 May 29, 1953

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Joaquin v.

Navarro, 93 Phil 257


G.R. No. L-5426          
May 29, 1953

FACTS:
- During the battle of liberation of Manila on February 6, 1945, the following sought
refuge on the ground floor of German Club building: Joaquin Navarro Sr (70);
Angela Joaquin (67); daughter Pilar (32-33); daughter Concepcion (23-25); son
Joaquin Natividad Jr (30); and wife of Jr Adela Conde (--).
- The building was set on fire and Japanese started shooting the daughters who
fell. Sr. decided to leave the building.
- His wife didn’t want to leave so he left with his son, Jr., and Jr.’s wife and
neighbor Francisco Lopez. As they came out, Jr. was hit and fell on the ground
and rest lay flat on the ground to avoid bullets. German Club collapsed trapping
many people presumably including Angela Joaquin. Sr., Adela, and Francisco
sought refuge in an air aid shelter where they hid for 3 days.
- On February 10, 1945, on their way to St. Theresa Academy, they met Japanese
patrols. Sr. and Adela were hit and killed. The trial court ruled that Angela
Joaquin outlived her son while CA ruled that son outlived his mother.

ISSUE:
W/N the son/mother died first before the other.
[If the son died first, petitioner would reap the benefits of succession. If mother died first,
respondent Antonio, son of Jr. by his first marriage, would inherit]

HELD:

- Based on the story of Francisco Lopez, Jr. died before his mother did. This
presumption was based on speculations, not evidence. Gauged by the doctrine
of preponderance of evidence on which civil cases are to be decided, this
inference should prevail. Evidence of survivorship may be direct, indirect,
circumstantial or inferential.
- "At the time of the masaccre, Joaquin Navarro, Sr. was aged 70; his
wife Angela Joaquin was about 67 years old; Joaquin Navarro, Jr.,
about 30; Pilar Navarro was two or three years older than her brother;
while the other sisters, Concepcion and Natividad Navarro y Joaquin,
were between 23 and 25."

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