Planning of LIFTS in Buildings

Planning of Lifts
(Calculating Capacity and Number of Lifts)

in Buildings
By
Prof (Dr) RAJEEV GARG
OUTLINE
1. Terminology of Lifts
2. Type of Lifts
3. General Configuration of Lifts
4.Planning Aspects of Lifts
5. Architectural Finishes
6. Indian Standards (Lifts)
7. Escalators Terminology
8. General Configuration
9. Planning Aspects
10.Architectural Aspects
Terminology
1. Lift Car
2. Counterweight
3. Lift Pit
4. Buffer
5. Automatic Rescue Device
6. Lift Machine Room
7. Hoist-way / Lift-Well
8. Guide Rails
9. Call Indicator
10. Fire Lift
11. Drive Sheave
12. Controller & Governer
Type of Lifts
Residential Stairway Lift
DUMB WAITERS
A lift with a car which moves in
guides in a vertical direction;
has a net floor area of 1 SqM,
total inside height of 1.2 m,
whether or not provided with
fixed or removable shelves;
has a capacity not exceeding
250 kg and is exclusively used
for carrying materials and shall
not carry any person.
SCISSOR BOX
LIFT LIFT
Configuration of Lifts
?
Min. 2700
Sizing of Lift Lobby
1. Minimum 2.7 meters
2. Sum of depth of lift wells facing each other
3. Adequate to accommodate people Double of Lifts Capacity
4. Adequate to accommodate min 25% people on typical floor
5. Floor area @ 0.5 SqM per person
6. Unobstructed Exit Doorways either side
ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS (to be considered by architect)
1. Number, type and size of lifts and position of lift well;

2. Particulars of lift well enclosure;
3. Size, position, number and type of landing doors;
4. Number of floors served by the lift;
5. Height between floor levels;
6. Number of entrances to lift lobby;
7. Total headroom;
8. Provision of access to machine room;
ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS (to be considered by architect)
9. Provision of ventilation and, if possible, natural lighting of

machine room;
10. Height of machine room;
11. Depth of lift pit;
12. Position of lift machine, above or below lift well;
13. Size & position of beams, joists or stanchions nearby lift well;
14. Size and position or supporting steel work at roof levels;
15. Size and position of any footings or grillage foundations, if
these are adjacent to the lift pit;
16. For passenger lifts whether the lift cage is required to carry
household luggage or furniture
Passenger Waiting Time
How much time you would conveniently wait for
the lift car, after pressing lift call button?
< 15 seconds
20 to 30 seconds
30 to 40 seconds
40 to 50 seconds
50 to 60 seconds ?
60 to 75 seconds
76 to 90 seconds
> 90 seconds
Occupants TRAFFIC Pattern to OFFICE Building
The quality of service is generally measured by
the passenger waiting time at the various floors.
The following shall be the guiding factor.
20 to 25 seconds Excellent
30 to 35 seconds Good
36 to 40 seconds Fair
45 seconds Somehow Acceptable
Over 45 seconds Unsatisfactory
NOTE
For residential buildings longer intervals should
be permissible. (upto 90 seconds)
Parameters Considered for Lifts Calculation
1. Waiting Time
2. Round Trip Time
3. Passenger Handling Capacity (Peak Hour)
4. Passenger Handling Capacity (05 Minutes)
5. Number of Lifts
6. Capacity of Lift (s)
RTT (Round Trip Time / Return Trip Time)
is sum of time required in following process:
1. Entry of the passengers on the ground floor,

2. Exit of the passengers on each floor of discharge,
3. Door closing time before each starting operation,
4. Door opening time on each discharging operation,
5. Acceleration periods,
6. Stopping and leveling periods,
7. Periods of full rated speeds between stops going
up, and
8. Periods of full rated speeds between stops going
down.
The handling capacity is calculated by the following formula:
The waiting interval is calculated by the following formula:
Lift Speed
No. of Floors Speed

4 to 5 0.5 to 0.75 m/s
6 to 12 0.75 to 1.5 m/s
3 to 20 1.5 m/s to 2.5 m/s
Above 20 2.5 m/s and above
Express Elevators 6.0 to 10.0 m/s
Rules of Thumb
Handling Capacity (Peak Hour) :

As per Occupancy Load
(Generally Total Occupancy of Building)
Handling Capacity (05 minutes) : 10 to 15 %

About 12 % of Peak Hour Population to be Handled
RTT: 90 to 150 seconds, <180 seconds
Total Lifts Capacity: about 04 to 08 %

About 05 % of Peak Hour Population to be Handled
EXAMPLE
Building Height : G + 12
Typical Floor Area of Building: 600 SqM
Occupancy Load (for Office): @ 6 m2/person
Occupancy at One Typical Floor: 600/6=100 people
Occupancy at 12 Floors: 12x100=1200 people
Total Population to be Handled during peak hour = 1200 (P)
Population to be handled in 5 minutes = 10 to 15 %
Capacity of Lifts : @ 5% of 1200 = 60
Waiting Time: 45 seconds (T)
Round Trip Time (RTT): average 25 to 30 seconds per floor
EXAMPLE contd..
Population to be handled in 5 minutes = 10 to 15 %
Capacity of Lifts : @ 5% of 1200 = 60
Waiting Time: 30 to 45 seconds (T)
Round Trip Time (RTT): 15 to 25 seconds x No of Floors
N and Q are to be worked out judiciously after few iterations
Possible SOLUTIONs
03 Lifts (N) of 20 capacity (Q) each
04 Lifts (N) of 15 or 16 (Q) capacity
05 Lifts (N) of 12 or 14 (Q) capacity
?
COST
H
OPTIMIZATION T
RTT N
Q
How much time you would conveniently wait for
the lift car, after pressing lift call button?
< 15 seconds
20 to 30 seconds
30 to 40 seconds
40 to 50 seconds
50 to 60 seconds ?
60 to 75 seconds
76 to 90 seconds
> 90 seconds
INDIAN STANDARDS for LIFT & ESCALATOR
1. Electric Traction Lifts (Part – 1) IS 14665 (Part – 1) : 2000
Guidelines for outline Dimensions of
passenger, goods, service and hospital lifts
2. Electric Traction Lifts (Part – 2) IS 14665 (Part – 2/Sec 1&2) : 2000
Code of Practice for installation operation and
maintenance
Section – 1 Passenger and Goods Lifts
Section – 2 Service Lift
3. Electric Traction Lifts (Part – 3) IS 14665 (Part – 3/Sec 1&2) : 2000
Safety Rules
Section – 1 Passenger and Goods Lifts
Section – 2 Service Lifts
4. Electric Traction Lifts (Part – 4) Components IS 14665 (Part – 4/Sec 1to9) : 2001
5. Electric Traction Lifts (Part – 5) IS 14665 (Part – 5) : 1999
Inspection Manual
6. Code of Practice for Installation and IS 4591 - 1968 (Reaffirmed 1996)
maintenance of Escalators
(Fourth Reprint February 2001)
Can you now plan Lift
Facility in Buildings?
THANK YOU

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Planning of Lifts

(Calculating Capacity and Number of Lifts)

1. Number, type and size of lifts and position of lift well;

9. Provision of ventilation and, if possible, natural lighting of

1. Entry of the passengers on the ground floor,

No. of Floors Speed

Handling Capacity (Peak Hour) :

Handling Capacity (05 minutes) : 10 to 15 %

RTT: 90 to 150 seconds, <180 seconds

Total Lifts Capacity: about 04 to 08 %

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