Solution of Homework #3: Chapter 5 and Chapter 6

1. An unsteady state, incompressible, 2-dimensional velocity field is given by

  
v   u, v    0.5  0.8x  i  1.5  2.5sin  t   0.8y  j

where  is angular frequency, equal to 2 rad/s. The period of oscillation is 1 sec. Now,
consider two complete cycles of flow from t=0 sec to t=2 sec. Draw (1) instantaneous
streamlines at t=2 sec and compare with (2) pathline and (3) streakline generated during the
time period from t=0 sec to t=2 sec, assume the original position of particle is (x,y)=(0.5, 0.5).
*Please draw these lines by using drawing software. For example: Origin, Grapher,
Sigmaplot, Excel…etc.

[Solution]:

About particle path, we can know that

  
dr  
 V, and t  0, r  0.5i  0.5j 
dt
dx dy
 0.5  0.8x;  1.5  2.5sin  2t   0.8y
dt dt
So, we can get the relation between (x, y) and t is
dx dx
 0.5  0.8x   0.8x  0.5
dt dt
I.F.  exp   0.8 dt   e 0.8t  x  e 0.8t   0.5  e 0.8 t dt
 
 0.5 0.8t 
 x  e0.8t   e  Ci   0.625  C1e0.8 t (1)
 0.8 
dy dy
 1.5  2.5sin  2t   0.8y   0.8y  1.5  2.5sin  2t 
dt dt
I.F.  exp   0.8 dt   e0.8t  y  e0.8t   e0.8t 1.5  2.5sin  2t   dt
 
 1.5 0.8t 
 y  e 0.8t  e  2.5 e0.8t sin  2t  dt  C2   1.875  2.5e0.8t  e0.8t sin  2t  dt  C 2 e 0.8t
 0.8 
e  a  sin bx  b  osbx 
ax

  eax sin  bx  dx 
a 2  b2
 y  1.875  0.048sin  2t   0.38cos  2t   C2 e 0.8t (2)

(1) For pathline, we can use eq(1) and (2) to determine C1 and C2 by using the initial position
(x,y)=(0.5 , 0.5)and substitute t=0~2 s to calculate x and y for drawing the pathline
(2) For streakline, all of the particle will pass the same position (x,y)=(0.5 , 0.5) in the pass
time. So, we can set t=0 s~2.0 s, the position of particle (x,y)=(0.5, 0.5) to determine C1
and C2 individually. Then, substitute C1 and C2 into eq.(1) and (2) and set t=2 s to
 determine the loci of streakline when t=2 s.

Times (s) 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0
C1 1.125 0.921 0.754 0.617 0.506 0.414 0.339 0.277 0.227
C2 -0.995 -1.738 -2.618 -2.418 -2.214 -3.868 -5.827 -5.382 -4.928
X@2s 4.94 3.94 3.11 2.43 1.88 1.42 1.05 0.75 0.5
Y@2s 1.29 1.14 0.96 1.01 1.05 0.71 0.32 0.41 0.5
(3) For streamline at t=2.0 s, the velocity is
  
v   0.5  0.8x  i  1.5  0.8y  j
Based on the definition of streamline, we can know that
dy 1.5  0.8y dy dx dy dx
    
dx 0.5  0.8x 1.5  0.8y 0.5  0.8x 1.5  0.8y 0.5  0.8x
dy 1
 1.5  0.8y   0.8 ln 1.5  0.8y   C '
dx 1
 0.5  0.8x  0.8 ln  0.5  0.8x   C"
1 1 1
 ln 1.5  0.8y   C '  ln  0.5  0.8x   C"   C"'  0.5  0.8x 
0.8 0.8 1.5  0.8y
1.5 C C
y    1.875 
0.8 0.8  0.5  0.8x  0.8  0.5  0.8x 
By using various value of integration constant C to determine several (x,y) pairs for drawing streamline line
at 2.0 s.
Pathine/streakine/streamline at t=2.0 s are drawn together as the following figure.
 Pathline/Strealine/Streamline(t=2.0)
4

Pathline
Streakline
3
Streamline

2
Y (m)

-1
0 1 2 3 4 5

X (m)
2. At a point P in a fluid, the stress tensor in the fluid is given by the following value in RCC
system.

 1 4 1 
   4 3 2 
 1 2 2 

  2 2
and the normal vector is n  0i  j k . Please find the stress at the point P in x-, y-,
2 2
and z-direction.

[Solution]:
    
t  n    n i ii   jk ij ik  n i ik ik
5 2
t x  n x xx  n y  yx  n z zx  
2
2
ty 
2
tz  0
   
3. Consider the velocity distribution in a fluid in a state of pure rotation is v   r , where
   
 is angular velocity and r is the position vector. Herein, we set    z in

cylindrical coordination. Please find the value of velocity in the r-direction and
-direction.

[Solution]:

       

 
 v   r and     z  v    z  rj  j  rj zjk  k
where j,k  x, y
  
 v   rx  zxy   y   rx  zyx   x
  zxy  1 ;  zyx  1 
     

  
v   rx   y   rx   x   rx  y  rx  x    y x  x y 
For cylindrical coordination:
        
     
v r  v  r    y x  x y    r    y x   r  x y  r
where
     
 r  cos  x  sin  y ;    sin  x  cos  y ; x  r cos  ; y  r sin 
 v r     y cos   x sin      r sin  cos   r cos  sin    0
        
  
v   v       y x  x y       y x    x y  
  
 v     y sin   x cos      r sin  sin   r cos  cos    r
4. Please prove equation (A) is equal to equation (B)

  v x           P
    v x v x    v y v x    v z v x     xx  yx  zx    g x (A)
t  x y z   x y z  x
Dv      P
 x    xx  yx  zx    g x (B)
t  x y z  x

[Solution]:

  v x  v x 
  vx
t t t
v x    
 (A)    vx   v x v x    v y v x    v z v x 
t t x y z
v x   v v   v v y   v x v 
  vx   v x x  v x x    v y x  v x    v z  v x z 
t t  x x   y y   z z 
 v v v v    v v v 
   x  v x x  v y x  v z x    v x  v x x  v x y  v x z 
 t x y z   t x y z 
 v       v   Dv
   x  v v x   v x     v     x  v v x    x
 t   t
   t  Dt
 0 if  =constant