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3.2 String Functions

The document discusses string functions and sorting strings. It introduces arrays of strings and common string manipulation functions like strcpy, strcat, and strcmp, providing examples of each. It also presents a program for sorting an array of strings alphabetically using strcmp and temporary storage. The overall objectives are to understand strings and characters, work with arrays of strings, learn string manipulation functions, and how to sort strings.

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Keerthi Vasan S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

3.2 String Functions

The document discusses string functions and sorting strings. It introduces arrays of strings and common string manipulation functions like strcpy, strcat, and strcmp, providing examples of each. It also presents a program for sorting an array of strings alphabetically using strcmp and temporary storage. The overall objectives are to understand strings and characters, work with arrays of strings, learn string manipulation functions, and how to sort strings.

Uploaded by

Keerthi Vasan S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

2 String Funtions

1 Department of CSE
Objectives
• To understand the fundamentals of Strings and Characters
• To learn how to work with array of Strings
• To learn the usage of String Manipulation Functions
• To learn how to do sorting of strings

2 Department of CSE
Agenda
• Array of Strings
• String Manipulation Functions
Explanation with examples

• Sorting of strings

3 Department of CSE
Arrays of Strings
• Since one string is an array of characters, a two dimensional array of
characters is an array of strings in which each row is one string.
char names[People][Length];

• This can be initialized as follows:

char month[5][10] = {“January”,


“February”, “March”, “April”, “May”};

4 Department of CSE
String Manipulation Functions

5 Department of CSE
strcpy
• strcpy(destinationstring, sourcestring)

• Copies sourcestring into destinationstring

• For example
• strcpy(str, “hello world”); assigns “hello world” to the string str

6 Department of CSE
Example with strcpy
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char x[] = “Example with strcpy”;
char y[25];
printf(“The string in array x is %s \n “, x);
strcpy(y,x);
printf(“The string in array y is %s \n “, y);
}

7 Department of CSE
strcat
• strcat(destinationstring, sourcestring)

• appends sourcestring to right hand side of destinationstring

• For example if str had value “a big ”


• strcat(str, “hello world”); appends “hello world” to the string “a big ” to get
• “ a big hello world”

8 Department of CSE
Example with strcat
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char x[] = “Example with strcat”;
char y[]= “which stands for string concatenation”;
printf(“The string in array x is %s \n “, x);
strcat(x,y);
printf(“The string in array x is %s \n “, x);
}

9 Department of CSE
strcmp
• strcmp(stringa, stringb)
• Compares stringa and stringb alphabetically
• Returns a negative value if stringa precedes stringb alphabetically
• Returns a positive value if stringb precedes stringa alphabetically
• Returns 0 if they are equal
• Note lowercase characters are greater than Uppercase

10 Department of CSE
Example with strcmp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char x[] = “cat”;
char y[]= “cat”;
char z[]= “dog”;
if (strcmp(x,y) == 0)
printf(“The string in array x %s is equal to that in %s \n “, x,y);

(Cntd in next slide)

11 Department of CSE
Example with strcmp (Cntd)
if (strcmp(x,z) != 0)
{printf(“The string in array x %s is not equal to that in z %s \n
“,
x,z);
if (strcmp(x,z) < 0)
printf(“The string in array x %s precedes that in z %s \n “, x,z);
else
printf(“The string in array z %s precedes that in x %s \n “, z,x);
}
else
printf( “they are equal”);
}

12 Department of CSE
strlen
• strlen(str) returns length of string excluding null character
• strlen(“tttt”) = 4 not 5 since \0 not counted

13 Department of CSE
Vowels Example with strlen
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
int i, count;
char x[] = “tommy tucket took a tiny ticket ”;
count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < strlen(x);i++)
{
if
((x[i]==‘a’)||(x[i]==‘e’)||(x[i]==‘I’)||(x[i]==‘o’)||(x[i]==‘u’))
count++;
}
printf(“The number of vowels’s in %s is %d \n “, x,count);
}

14 Department of CSE
String Manipulation Functions - Predict the output

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char s1[80], s2[80];
gets(s1);
gets (s2);
printf("lengths: %d %d\n", strlen(s1), strlen(s2));
15 Department of CSE
String Manipulation Functions – Predict the output
(Cntd)
if(!strcmp(s1, s2)) printf("The strings are equal\n");
strcat(s1, s2);
printf (''%s\n", s1);
strcpy(s1, "This is a test.\n");
printf(s1);
if(strchr("hello", 'e')) printf("e is in hello\n");
if(strstr("hi there", "hi")) printf("found hi");
return 0;
}
If you run this program and enter the strings "hello" and
"hello", the output is (next slide)
16 Department of CSE
String Manipulation Functions – Example Program
output

17 Department of CSE
Program for sorting of strings
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int i,j,n;
char str[20][20],temp[20];
puts("Enter the no. of string to be sorted");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
gets(str[i]);
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)

18 Department of CSE
Program for sorting of strings (Cntd)
{
if(strcmp(str[i],str[j])>0){
strcpy(temp,str[i]);
strcpy(str[i],str[j]);
strcpy(str[j],temp);
}
}
printf("The sorted string\n");
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
puts(str[i]);
return 0;
}

19 Department of CSE
Summary
• Learned about array of strings
• String manipulation functions with examples
• Learned how to do sorting of strings

20 Department of CSE

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