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I was cut for my future husband. I remember the day clearly. My neighbour's daughter said to me “You must be
looking forward to today” and I looked at her crazy because it wasn't my birthday or anything. She then giggled and
said “oh you're getting your gudniin done”. Gudniin means circumcision in Somali. As she explained to me what
exactly was going to happen, I sat there thinking that didn't my mother said to not let anyone touch me? Would she let
them touch me? I heard screaming from the other side of the house. It was a shrill and agonising shreak. It was my
sister's. Then before I could respond to it or analyse anything, I heard “Get Leyla. It's Leyla's turn.” I ran off, but of
course, a seven year old cannot outrun an adult. They took me inside, pinned me to this table. There were aunties all
around me, holding my hands and spreading my legs apart. I could feel my flesh being cut off. I blacked out from the
pain.” Recounts Leyla Hussain, a FGM survivor born in Somali, Africa. She now actively advocates against the
practices and is one of the founding member of the Daughters of Eve non-profit organisation. Female Genital
mutilation or female circumcision or locally known as Khatna (hereinafter FGM) is an age old tradition of forcibly
removing a girl's external genitals without anaesthetics for non-medical reasons. In extreme cases, the external
genitals are completely cut and the wound that is left is sewn together. The skin with time heals and stitches itself
together sealing maximum portion of a girl's vaginal orifice. A very small hole is left for urine and menstruation. The
small hole, of course, is not sufficient for efficient and smooth flow of urine and blood and hence produces
complications ranging from extreme pain during menstruation and miscarriages. The mother could face fatal
complications while delivering a child. After the delivery the mother is cut and sewn again. Why is this a issue now?
FGM has always been a grave issue and will remain to be one until major steps are taken to cull it. This is not widely
recognised as of yet but it will soon be. Because of the pandemic, many middle-class families are being pushed down
the economy ladder. They are now lower-class. Poverty is increasing due to the unprecedented crisis. Parents now
would want to marry off their daughters for financial gains. FGM will prevail as it is a sign or virginity and hence
purity. Cut daughters will bring more bride price, or so is believed. What are different types of Female genital
Mutilation ? As per world health organization, Female genital mutilation is assessed into 4 major types. Type 1: This is
often the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (the external and visual a part of the clitoris, which may be a
sensitive a part of the feminine genitals), and/or the prepuce/ clitoral hood (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoral
glans). Type 2: This is often the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and therefore the labium (the inner folds
of the vulva), with or without removal of the labium (the outer folds of skin of the vulva ). Type 3: It is also referred to
as infibulation, this is often the narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is
made by cutting and repositioning the labium , or labium , sometimes through stitching, with or without removal of the
clitoral prepuce/clitoral hood and glans. Deinfibulation refers to the practice of cutting open the sealed vaginal
opening of a lady who has been infibulated, which is usually necessary for improving health and well-being also on
allow intercourse or to facilitate childbirth. Type 4: This includes all other harmful procedures to the feminine
genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area. It
involves removing and damaging healthy and normal female genital tissue, and interferes with the natural functions
of girls' and women's bodies. Risks of FGM increase with increasing severity from Type 1 to Type 4. It leads to range
of problems which deteriorates women's condition in future. Is FGM practised in India? Yes, sadly it is practiced in
India. At least 200 million girls alive today living in 31 countries including India have undergone FGM, says UNICEF. It
is practiced primarily in the Dawoodi Bohra comunity, a sect of shia muslims in India. The Bohra High priest Syedna
calls the external part of female genitalia as haram ki boti, or sinful flesh which must be cut to preserve female
chastity and virtue. Primarily, it ensures 'pre-marital virginity'. The tradition is wrapped in patriarchal values of
protecting and controlling women's sexuality, body and in gender inequality. Khatna, which is basically FGM as called
in India, is practiced not only by Bohra women but also by a woman who wants to marry a Bohra man. She has to
produce a certificate of cut before the marriage. FGM is basically telling a woman that her body is there just to carry
babies. My mother was not cut once but twice because a neighbour thought not enough flesh was being taken away,
recites a woman who refused to perform FGM. Women who refuse are labelled as outcasts and are isolated by the
community. They are impure for a woman who thinks she has more right on her body than her future husband is
impure. They are called feminists as if being called one is an insult. Recently a Petition has been filed by the name
Sunita Tiwari v. Union of India where a complete ban on FGM has been prayed. It was prayed in September, 2018 too
but the division bench recommended a constitutional bench to the case. It is still pending in the Apex Court. Now, I
could write and rant about banning FGM, held protests with a group of like-minding people and it will still continue in
the secret of the streets. It is called the positive deviant approach, no one will follow my lead like this. Hence, praying
for a ban on the practice is means to achieve an end and not the end itself. If FGM is so horrifying and absurd, why
does it still happen? I have three simple but concrete conclusions. First, we can't let go of FGM simply because it is a
tradition. No matter how absurd, no matter ho horrific, it is a tradition. It has been there longer than you and I, our
ancestors did it and so it simply must continue. This is how almost everyone (primarily the males) who was asked
about this practice responded. Here, we may question as to how FGM became a tradition? Because mothers in every
culture felt a dire need to protect their daughters from monsters who will take away their chastity. Because daughters
hold the honour of her father, of her community, she must be protected. She like a classic damsel-in-distress must
wait for her prince to rescue her. To sum up, patriarchy. Second reason why it is still practiced is the fact that FGM is
a societal norm. It is something that I will do simply because you as my peer expect it of me. It is actually a social
obligation. For example, waxing body hair. Nobody has asked us to do it, but somebody started doing it and now we all
do it and if one of us doesn't do it, we frown upon the person who does not do it. Third reason why it is still practised
because FGM is related to cultural ideals of femininity and modesty. It is usually motivated by beliefs about what's
considered acceptable sexual behaviour. It aims to make sure premarital virginity and marital fidelity. It is believed in
many communities to scale back a woman's libido and thus believed to assist her resist extramarital sexual acts.
When a vaginal opening is roofed or narrowed, the fear of the pain of opening it, and therefore the fear that this may
be acknowledged, is predicted to further discourage extramarital sexual activity among women with this sort of FGM.
FGM is usually considered a necessary a part of raising a woman , and how to organize her for adulthood and
marriage. Although, FGM has no health benefits, and it harms women in many ways. Since, we've identified why FGM
still exists, we can think of a solution to prevent it. How do we stop the practice of FGM? Learning from the Tostan
model in Senegal. Now, we know it is a societal norm and what's important for a societal norm is that it has to shift
collectively. Aiming at banning a practice completely is never the solution. Prohibition creates rebels which is always
more trouble. It simply doesn't work. Why won't it work? Because we didn't make them question it. For this to work,
every individual must consciously know why FGM is so wrong. Similar approach was implemented by an organisation
called Tostan in Senegal, Africa. Tostan is non-governmental organisation headquartered in Senegal. The founder
Molly Melching when arrived in Africa, found out that lack of basic education in the area fuelled the on-going
traditions, especially FGM and child marriage. She with the help of her team trained locals and implemented a three-
year educating program. The objective was to teach the locals about human rights. They need to know what their
rights were and how they were being violated. They presented classes in local levels and provided a stage for
dialogue and consensus building. The program is called the community empowerment program. What this
organization basically does is convince pairs of villages to stop the practice of FGM together, so that each village will
have partners which regard girls and women in the other village as marriageable. The desire for social acceptance
and ensuring that your children are considered worthy of marriage by potential partners is one of the drivers of FGM.
They have convinced over 7,200 villages to give up this practice. This organisation helped change the pluralistic
ignorance of the society towards a said tradition as a whole. A law is made according to a society. India didn't
decriminalise the sodomy law because the apex court felt the society wasn't simply ready for the change. It was ripe
for discussion but not implementation. Here, by changing the collective conscience of the society as a whole, Tostan
helped change the future laws of the country. Conclusion The question never was about whether FGM should be
allowed or not, but rather, whether it should be done to children to young to participate in it. It is essentially child
abuse and hence a crime. In addition to this, FGM also tells us about how a girl is never her own person but always
someone's daughter, sister, wife or mother. Every 11 seconds a mother risks the life of her daughter by practicing
FGM and we still find time to fight for justice of a YouTuber whose video was deleted. We are more interested in the
fact that a certain female celebrity is sweeping her house and a certain president tweeted something absurd and
created a new word called covfefe than the fact that a girl struggles to walk properly for weeks after the flesh
between her legs is cut off. She experiences pain so excruciating that she often passes out cold. Banning as I said is
the first step, not the last. Since, the lockdown and the crisis have increased the probability of increasing cases of
FGM, we need to act now.

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the masterpiece creepypasta
About three hours ago, I heard screaming from the other side of the house. You know what th 25%
e worst part about my situation is? You know what the worst part ...
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Ending FGM in Europe: Why is it #OurIssueToo? - WAVE Blog

Feb 6, 2019 — “Before I knew it, I was screaming, and I could feel my flesh being cut off”, she say 9%
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Female Genital Mutilation: A Religious Right or Human Rights ...

... and visual part of the clitoris, which is a sensitive part of the feminine genitals), and/or the pr 7%
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Female Genital Mutilation - The Launch Pad

Type 2: This is often the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and therefore the labium ( 4%
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Types of female genital mutilation - World Health Organization

Deinfibulation refers to the practice of cutting open the sealed vaginal opening of a woman w 3%
ho has been infibulated (Type III). This is often done to allow sexual intercourse or to facilitate
childbirth, and is often necessary for improving the woman's health and well-being.
https://www.who.int/teams/srh/types-of-female-genital-mutilation

Female genital mutilation and women's ... - PLOS ONE

... all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for nonmedical purposes, e.g., pricking 3%
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Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation - WHO

3%
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Commissioner Of Income Tax-11, Mumbai v. M/S. Kanga & Co ...

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How Similar Is FGM to Male Circumcision? Readers Debate ...

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