Pin Fin

Ex: No: HEAT TRANSFER IN A PIN FIN (NATURAL CONVECTION)
Date: APPARATUS
AIM:
To determine the pin-fin efficiency and heat flow of pin-fin forced convection
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
(i) Experimental setup
(ii) Thermocouples
(iii) U – tube manometer
THEORY:
A brass fin of consist of circular cross section is fitted across a long rectangular
duct. The other end of the duct is connected to the suction side of a blower and the
air blows past the fin perpendicular to its axis. One end of the fin projects outside
the duct and is heated by a heater. Temperatures at five points along the length of
the fin are measured by chrome alumel thermocouples connected along the length
of the fin. The air flow rate is measured by an orifice meter fitted on the
delivery side of the blower. Schematic
diagram of the set up is shown in fig. while the details of the pin fin are shown.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Duct size = mm x mm.
2. Diameter of the fin = mm
3. Effective length of fin = cm
4. Diameter of the orifice = mm
5. Diameter of the delivery pipe (O.D) = mm.
6. Diameter of the delivery pipe (I.D) = mm.
7. Coefficent of the discharge cd = 0.6
8. Centrifugal blower = 0.56 HP, single phase motor.
9. No. of thermocouples on fin =4

10. Thermocouple (6) reads ambient temperature inside of the duct.
0
11. Thermal conductivity of fin material (Brass) =110 w/m. C.
0
12. Temperature indicator = 0 – 300 C. With compensation of
0
ambient temperature upto 50 C.
13. Dimmerstat for heat input controls 230 V, 2 Amps.
14. Heater suitable for mounting at the fin end outside the duct = 400 watts (Band type)
15. Voltmeter = 0 – 100 / 200 V.
16. Ammeter = 0 – 2 Amps.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Keep the dimmer stat at zero position before switching ON the power supply.
2. Start the blower unit.
3. Increase the voltmeter gradually.
4. Do not stop the blower in between the testing period.
5. Do not disturb thermocouples while testing.
6. Operate selector switch of temperature indicator gently.
7. Do not exceed 200 watts.
PROCEDURE:
CONVECTION:
1. Start heating the fin by switching ON the heater element and adjust the voltage on
dimmer stat to say 80 volts (increase slowly from 0 onwards).
2. Note down the thermocouple readings 1 to 5 at a time interval of 5 minutes.
3. When steady state is reached, record the final readings 1 to 5 and also record
the ambient temperature reading 6.
4. Repeat the same experiment with voltage 100 volts & 120 volts.
FORMULAE USED:
1. Heat transfer coefficient is given by
h = q / {As (Ts – Ta)}
Where, h = average surface heat transfer coefficient in w/m2 k
As = Area of heat transfer surface = π xdxl
0
Ts = Average of surface Temperature = (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 ) / 4 C
q = heat transfer rate (watts)
0
Ta = Ambient temperature in duct T5 ( C)
2. Grashof number:
Gr = g l3β ∆ T/v2
β = Coefficient of volumetric expansion of the fluid. G

= Acceleration due to gavity.
∆T = Ts – Ta
F 0 -1
or gas, β = 1/ (Tf + 273) K
v = Kinematics viscosity of fluid.
Film Temperature Tf = ( Tα + Tw) / 2
Where, Tα = surface temperature (T5)

Tw = (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) / 4 (average temperature of fin)
3. Empirical Relation
0.25 4 8
Nu = 0.56 (Gr.Pr) for 10 < Gr.Pr.<10
1/3 8 12
Nu = 0.13 (Gr.Pr) for 10 < Gr.Pr.<10
4. Theoritical Heat transfer co efficient
Nu = h exp L / k
K – Thermal conductivity
L – length of the pin
5. Heat flow, Q = (hpkA)1 / 2 x (Tw – T ) tan h (mL)
h = heat transfer coefficient, Where, p =

perimeter in m k= 386 w/mk
m= hp/kA)
2
A = area of fin = ( π x D ) /4
L = Length of the fin
Tw – average temperature
T – ambient (surface) temperature (T6)
6. Efficiency, = {tan h (mL)}/ mL

TABULATIONS:
CONVECTION:
Surface
S. No V I Fin Temperatures
Temp
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
RESULTS:
Thus the experiment was conducted and results found were
Pin fin Efficiency,
Heat transfer, Q = w
MODEL CALCULATION :
NATURAL CONVECTION:
Ambient
S. No V I Fin Temperatures
Temp
T1 T2 T3 T4 Ta
1 70 0.6 101 88 105 94 36
1. Heat transfer coefficient is given by

h = (q)/ {As (Ts – Ta)}
Where, h = average surface heat transfer coefficient in w/m2 k

2
As = Area of heat transfer surface = π xdxl m
0
Ts = Average of surface Temperature = (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + ) / 4 C
q = heat transfer rate ( watts)

0
Ta = Ambient temperature in duct ( C)
Average temp Ts = T1+T2+T3+T4 /4
TS = 101+88+105+94 / 4 = 97
As = π x d x l
As = 3.14 x 0.04x 0.1 = 0.01256
q = V X I = 70X 0.6 = 42 W
h = (q )/ {As (Ts – Ta)}
h = (42)/ {0.01256 (97 – 36)}
Heat transfer coefficient
0
h = 54.81W/m2 C
2. Grashof number:
Gr = g l3β ∆ T/v2
β = Coefficient of volumetric expansion of the fluid.
G = Acceleration due to gavity.
∆T = Ts – Ta = 97 – 36 =61
F 0 -1
or gas, β = 1/ (Tf + 273) K
Where Tf = (Ts + Ta )/ 2 = (97)/2 = 48.5oc

β = 1 / ( 48.5+ 273 ) = 3.11x 10-3
From hmt data book pg no 33
v = 18.41x 10-6 m2/s
Pr = 0.679
K = 0.0286 W/ mk
Gr = 9.81x 0.13 x3.11x 10-3 x 61/(18.41x 10-6) 2= 5.49 x 106
Gr.Pr = 5.4 x106 x0.679 = 3.67 x106
For 104 < Gr.Pr < 108
3. Nu = 0.56 (Gr.pr)0.25 = 0.56x (3.67 x 106 )0.25 = 24.51

Nu = hthe x l / k
4. hthe = 24.51 x( 0.1/ 0.02861) = 85.66 W/ m2k

hthe = 85.66W/ m2k
5. Q = (hpkA)1 / 2 x (Tw – T ) tan h (mL)

h = heat transfer coefficient,
Where, p = perimeter in m =3.14 x 0.04 = 0.0125 m
k= for brass 110.7 w/mk
m= hp/kA) = (85.66 x 0.0125)/(110.7 x 0.00125) =√ 7.73 = 2.7
2
A = area of fin = ( π x D ) /4 = 1.256 x 10-3 m
L = Length of the fin
Ts – average temperature
T – ambient (surface) temperature (T5)
= (0.1481)1 / 2 x (65– 29 ) tan 85.44(2.7x 0.1))

= 46.90 w
6. Efficiency, = {tan h (mL)}/ mL
= tan 85.44(2.7 x 0.1) /(2.7 x 0.1)

= 12.53 %

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Ex: No: HEAT TRANSFER IN A PIN FIN (NATURAL CONVECTION)

9. No. of thermocouples on fin =4

Where, h = average surface heat transfer coefficient in w/m2 k

As = Area of heat transfer surface = π xdxl

q = heat transfer rate (watts)

β = Coefficient of volumetric expansion of the fluid. G

v = Kinematics viscosity of fluid.

Film Temperature Tf = ( Tα + Tw) / 2

Where, Tα = surface temperature (T5)

5. Heat flow, Q = (hpkA)1 / 2 x (Tw – T ) tan h (mL)

h = heat transfer coefficient, Where, p =

6. Efficiency, = {tan h (mL)}/ mL

Thus the experiment was conducted and results found were

Pin fin Efficiency,

1. Heat transfer coefficient is given by

Where, h = average surface heat transfer coefficient in w/m2 k

q = heat transfer rate ( watts)

Where Tf = (Ts + Ta )/ 2 = (97)/2 = 48.5oc

Gr.Pr = 5.4 x106 x0.679 = 3.67 x106

For 104 < Gr.Pr < 108

3. Nu = 0.56 (Gr.pr)0.25 = 0.56x (3.67 x 106 )0.25 = 24.51

4. hthe = 24.51 x( 0.1/ 0.02861) = 85.66 W/ m2k

5. Q = (hpkA)1 / 2 x (Tw – T ) tan h (mL)

= (0.1481)1 / 2 x (65– 29 ) tan 85.44(2.7x 0.1))

6. Efficiency, = {tan h (mL)}/ mL

= tan 85.44(2.7 x 0.1) /(2.7 x 0.1)

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