Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 103 views

    Module 4 Study Guide

    Uploaded by

    kaica
    This study guide covers the basic states of soil (solid, semisolid, plastic, and liquid) based on moisture content. It defines the Atterberg limits - shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit - which indicate the transition points between these states. Tests are described for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of a soil. Formulas are provided for calculating the plasticity index, liquidity index, consistency index, shrinkage ratio, and activity of a soil. A plasticity chart is described that graphs plasticity index versus liquid limit with classification lines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 4 Study Guide

    Uploaded by

    kaica
    103 views4 pages
    This study guide covers the basic states of soil (solid, semisolid, plastic, and liquid) based on moisture content. It defines the Atterberg limits - shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit - which indicate the transition points between these states. Tests are described for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of a soil. Formulas are provided for calculating the plasticity index, liquidity index, consistency index, shrinkage ratio, and activity of a soil. A plasticity chart is described that graphs plasticity index versus liquid limit with classification lines.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This study guide covers the basic states of soil (solid, semisolid, plastic, and liquid) based on moisture content. It defines the Atterberg limits - shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit - which indicate the transition points between these states. Tests are described for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of a soil. Formulas are provided for calculating the plasticity index, liquidity index, consistency index, shrinkage ratio, and activity of a soil. A plasticity chart is described that graphs plasticity index versus liquid limit with classification lines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    103 views4 pages

    Module 4 Study Guide

    Uploaded by

    kaica
    This study guide covers the basic states of soil (solid, semisolid, plastic, and liquid) based on moisture content. It defines the Atterberg limits - shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit - which indicate the transition points between these states. Tests are described for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of a soil. Formulas are provided for calculating the plasticity index, liquidity index, consistency index, shrinkage ratio, and activity of a soil. A plasticity chart is described that graphs plasticity index versus liquid limit with classification lines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    MODULE 4 STUDY GUIDE

    • At a very low moisture content, soil behaves more like a solid. When the moisture
    content is very high, the soil and water may flow like a liquid.
    • The behavior of the soil can be divided into four basic states:
    o Solid
    o Semisolid
    o Plastic
    o Liquid

    • The following are the Atterberg limits:


    o Shrinkage limit – moisture content, in percent at which the transition from
    solid to semisolid state takes place
    o Plastic limit – moisture content at the point of transition from semisolid to
    plastic state
    o Liquid limit – moisture content at the point of transition from plastic to
    liquid state

    Liquid Limit Test


    The moisture content, in percent, required to close
    a distance of 12.7 mm along the bottom of the
    groove after 25 blows is defined as the liquid limit.
    The moisture content corresponding to
    N=25, determined from the flow curve, gives
    the liquid limit of the soil.

    The slope of the flow line is defined as the flow index and may be written as:
    𝑤1 − 𝑤2
    𝐼𝐹 =
    𝑁
    log (𝑁2 )
    1

    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
    𝑤1 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙, 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡,
    𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑁1 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠
    𝑤2 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙, 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡,
    𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑁2 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠
    Plastic Limit Test
    The plastic limit is defined as the moisture
    content in percent, at which the soil crumbles,
    when rolled into threads of 4.2 mm in
    diameter.

    Plasticity Index

    𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿
    Shrinkage Limit
    The moisture content, in percent, at which
    the volume of the soil mass ceases to
    change is defined as the shrinkage limit.

    𝑀1 − 𝑀2 𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑓
    𝑆𝐿 = ( ) (100) − ( ) (𝜌𝑤 )(100)
    𝑀2 𝑀2

    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
    𝑀1 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒
    𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 (𝑔)
    𝑀2 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡 (𝑔)
    𝑉𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡 (𝑐𝑚3 )
    𝑉𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑛 − 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡(𝑐𝑚3 )
    𝜌𝑤 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 )

    Shrinkage Ratio

    1
    𝐺𝑠 =
    1 𝑆𝐿
    𝑆𝑅 − 100

    ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
    ( ) ( )
    𝑉𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝑀2
    𝑆𝑅 = = =
    ∆𝑀 ∆𝑉𝜌𝑤 𝑉𝑓 𝜌𝑤
    (𝑀 ) (
    2 𝑀2 )

    Liquidity Index

    𝑤 − 𝑃𝐿
    𝐿𝐼 =
    𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿
    Consistency Index

    𝐿𝐿 − 𝑤
    𝐶𝐼 =
    𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐼

    Plasticity Chart
    A-line: 𝑃𝐼 = 0.73(𝐿𝐿 − 20)
    - separates the inorganic clays
    from the inorganic silts.
    U-line: 𝑃𝐼 = 0.9(𝐿𝐿 − 8)
    - is approximately the upper limit
    of the relationship of the
    plasticity index to the liquid limit
    for any currently known soil.

    Activity
    It is the slope of the line correlating PI and %
    finer than 2 𝜇𝑚. This may be expressed as

    𝑃𝐼
    𝐴=
    % 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    Reference:
    Das, Braja M., and Khaled Sobhan. (2014). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. Cengage
    Learning.

    You might also like