MATHEMATICS

IN
SYLLABUS

ISC CLASS XII

and C
A, B tempting estions from
into
three
sections

will have
a choice of atten
divided Candidates
Cand
is candidates.

The syllabus
compulsory
for all
A is Section
C
marks.
Section OR
B of100
EITHER
Section

three
hours
duration

all questions. Internal choice will be

nternol

paper of to attempt
each
There
will begne Candidates
will be
required
t o o questions
of Six marks

Marks): ench a n a
Section A offour
marks

to attempt all questions EITHER

in three
questions will be required marks each
provided
Marks):
Candidates

in two
questions of of four
B/Section
C (20 choice will be provided
Section Internal

Section B or
Section C
Total Weightage
Unit
S. No. Section A: 80Marks
10 12 Marks
and
Functions 10 14 Marks
1. Relations
32 0 Marks
2 Algebra
13 4 Marks
3. Calculus
4 Probability
Marks
Section B : 20

5 6 Marks
Vectors 6 S/10 Marks
Three-Dimensional Geometry 4 6/4 Marks
6.
7 Applications of Integrals
Or
Section C: 20 Marks
5 8 Marks
Application of Calculus
6 Marks
Linear Regression 4 6Marks
10. Linear Programming

Total 80 100 Marks

SECTION A

1. Relations and Functions

0 Types of relations
tions
Reflexdve, symmetric,transitiveand equivalence relations. One to one and onto runc
composite functions,inverse of a function. Binary operations.
Relations as:
Relation on a set A.

Identity relation, empty relation, universal relation.

Types of Relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relation.
Binary Operation: all axioms and propertieS
 (vi)
Functions:
-As special relations, concept of writing "y is
a function of x" asy= f()
Types: one to one, many to one, into, onto.
Real Valued function.
Domain and range of a function.
Conditions of invertibility.
Commposite functionsand invertible functions (algebraic
functions only).
(i) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Definition, domain, range, principal value branch.
Graphs of inverse trigonometric
functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions,
Principal values.
sin x, cosx, tanl x etc. and their graphs.
-sinl cos-l V1-x
x =
tan
1-2
sin x= COSecl; = sinl x + cos x = and similar relations for cotl x, tan x, etc.
2

-sin x t sinl y = sin (x|1-y tyN1- x').

cosx t cosl y =
cos-1 (xy T 1-y 1-x).

Similarly tanl x + tanl y = tan1 1-xy,xy <1

tan1 x - tanl y = tan x y > -1

1+xy
Formulae for 2 sinl x, 2 cos1 x, 2 tanl x, 3 tanl x etc. and application of these formulae.

2. Algebra
Matrices and Determinants
(0) Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose
on matrices: Addition and
ofa matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation
multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition,

multiplicationand scalar multiplication.Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices

whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square
and existence of non-zero matrices row and column operations. Invertible
matrices of order upto 3). Concept of elementaryif it exists
(here all matrices will have real
matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse,
entries)
(i) Determinants
to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors,
Determinant of a square matrix (up
the area ofa triangle. Adjoint and
co-factors and applications of determinantsin finding and number of solutions of system
inverseof a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency two or three
of linear equations by examples, solvinginversesystem of inear equations in
of a matrix.
variables (having unique solution) using
matrix, Diagonal matrix.
matrices (nm X n; m, n s 3), order; 1dentity
Types of
 (viin)
with scalar
Symmetre, Skew sVmmetric

subtractiot,
multiplication ofa
matrix
ultiplica of tuw
O p v e r a t i o n d d i t i o n ,

matrices (the compatibility),

possible.
BA is not
(say) but
AB

matrices.
non-singular
and zero matrix.
Singular
matrices whose product is a
no-zero
Existence of tuo

eerse (2
x2, 3 x3) A TAI
matrices)
Martin's Rule (i.e. using
4 t + b y +G7 = d4

4 + b y + C2 = d2

agt +by+ g
=
d3

A=42b2

AX =B X =A-1B
Problems based on above.
Note 1: The conditions for consistency of equations in tw0 and thre variables, using matrica

are to be covered, ices,

Note 2:Inverse ofa matrix by elementary operations to be covered.
Determinants
Order.
Minors.
Cofactors.
Expansion.
Applicatioms of determinants in finding the area of triangle and collinearity.
Properties of determinants. Problems based on properties of determinants.
3. Calculus
0 Continuity, Differentiability and Differentiation. Continuity and
derivative of composite functions, chain differentiability,
functions, derivative of implicit functions. rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric
functionsS. Concept of exponential and logarithmic
Derivatives of
logarithmic and
derivative of functions expressed inexponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation,
and Lagrarnge's Mean Value Theoremsparametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle's.
(without proof) and their geometric
Contiuity interpretation.
Continuity of afunction at a point
- Continuity of a x =a
function in an interval.
Algebra of continues function
Removable discontinuity
Differentiation
-

Concept of continuity and

diferentiability of Ixl, x], etc.
 (ix)
-

Deritvatives of trigonometric functions.

Derivatioves of exponential functions.
Derioatives of logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions - differentiation by means of substitution.

Derioatives of implicit fiunctions and chain rule for composite functions.

-
Derivatites of Parametric functions.
?' 1
Diferentiation ofafunction with respect to another function eg. differentiation of sin
respect tor
- Logarithmic Diferentiation

Finding dyldx when y = x

Successive diferentiation up to 2 order.
Note 1: Derivatives of composite functions using chain rule

Note 2: Derizatives.of
determinants to be covered
L'Höpital's theorem.
form,form, 0 form, form etc.
interpretation.
Rolle's Mean Value Theorem-its geometrical
its geometrical interpretation.
Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem
-

Derivatives
() Applications of functions,
increasing/decreasing
Applications of rate of change of bodies,
derivatives:
maxima and minima
(first
derivatives in approximation,
tangents and normals, use of second derivative test given
as a provable

derivative test motivated geometrically and the subject as

illustrate basic principles
and understanding of
tool). Simple problems (that
well as real-life sifuations).
Normal
Eguation of Tangent and
Approximation.

.Ratemeasure
functions.
Increasing and decreasing
Maxima and minima.

Stationary/turningpoints.
Absolute maxima/minima

Local maxima minima

test
second derivatives
derivatives test and
First
Point ofinfilexion
and minima.
based on maxima
Application problems
functions by
13) Integrals Integration of variety of
a
differentiation. of the
inverse process
of Evaluation of simple integrals
Integration as by parts,
fractions and
substitution, by partial
based on them.
following types and problems
 (x) T h e o r e .

of Calculus

a
Fundamental

sum,a n e v a l
evaluation
of
tegrals. sthout preA
limit of
and
rals
asa
i n t e g r a l s

d e f i n i t e
integrals

Definite
of
p r o p e r t i e s

Basic d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n

Indefinite integral sin

b", s i x, cos , sec , coed 1c
i n v e r s e
of f u n c t i o n s
(ax +

the and c o

as
cos. x.
I n t e g r a t i o n
polynomials cos x,
x,
Anti-derioatives of s i n X,
sin"

sin x,
type
Integrals ofthe e,

I n t e g r a t i o n
of1/x,
Irntegration b y substitution.

I f()T" fx)
of the typef"(a)
Integrals c o s e c x .

sec x,
cot x,
x,
Irntegration oftan
Integration
by parts.
-
fractions.
using partial degree of g(x).
Tntegratiom (x) <

fwhen degree of f
form
Exressions ofthe

x+2
(r-2)x+1)

3-1)
2 degree of g(x),
When degree of f(x)

e8 -1- 1
Integrals ofthetype
px+9 dx
P + bx dx, +C
ax

nd vatr dr. [va?-a ix,

dx,
Vax+bx+c dx, (px +g) Vax +bx +c
reducible to the above forms
integrations
dx
+b sin x +C
a cosx

r(acosx +bsin x) dx dx
cCosx+d sin x a cos x+ b sin x +C

a n x da, Jveota dx etc.

 (xi)
.Definite Integral
- Definite integral as a
limit of the sum.
-

Fundamental theorem of calculus

(without proof)
Properties of definite integrals.
Problems based on the
following properties of definite integrals are to be covered.

fx) dx- Jft) dt

fx) dx=- fx) dx

fix) dx Jfx) dx fix) dr

=
+

where a <C<b

f) dx =fla+b-x) dx

fx) dx = fla-x)
0

if
fx) dx=2 fa) dx, f(2-x)=fx)
0
0, f2a-x)= -f«)

if
fx) dx= )dx, fis an even function
D, if fis an odd function.

(o) Differential Equations

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation.
Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential
equations by method of separation of variables solutions of homogeneous differential
equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type
dx
+py = 9, where p and q are functions of x or constants.+px = q, where p and q

are functions of y or constants.

Differential equations, order and degree.
Formation of differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constant (s).

Solution of differential equations.

Variable separable.
Homogeneous equations.
Linear form +Py Q where P and Q arefunctions ofx only. Similarly for dxldy.
 piction on wth and de
oty, oderalion, distono gnd time
lication of erentia
i s sszzication90 linate gometry
NEtEnuts reduc to periable separable
type ore incduded eguakikons,
Ne 2Thend order diferentiol cquations are
excluded uded.
Cartesian and vect
GiDa line.and a
Conditional probability, muliploation theorem Equation of x-axplrian
probability, Bayes theorem,
riance of random yaniabje,,Repeated
ar
dom
variable its pr and xobability, Equation of xy-pl
Direction cosines,
distributio independent (BernbilityPndent eve Angle between tue
Independent and dependent events conditional epents Condition for line
Lines
Laos of Probability, addition theorem,
Theorem of Total Probability
multiplication theorem, Cartesian and a
Baye's theorem
co
Comdatiomal proba Coplanar and s
Conditions for
heoretioal probability distribution, abilithy Distance ofay
anadom variable, Repeated independentprobability distr Shortest dista
(Bernoulli trials), binomial do mean and
Note: Symmetric e
.Planes
SECTIONB
ution-its oaT
res
-Cartesian and
SVecters Direction ratior
One point form
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction Normal form.
saios of a vector. of a
vector. Direction - Intercept form.
1Types of vectors
(equal, unit, zero, Direcion cosines and
Rhon vector of a point, negative of parallel Distance of a
mulbpication of a vector by a scalar, vector, Components of a and and direte Intersectionm of
a gen rato Detinition, positon vectoT of vector, addit vetir
ear - Angle betwers
Geometrical a point dividing lin
G peodhact of vectors, vector
(cross) Interpretation,
product of vectpropernes
a
-Equation of a
applicationgment
and
s airected line
segments. ectors, o
scalar triple product
laghude and direction of a vector. of vvects Application in firn
enclosed between
Tunes: ea vectors, unit
as Dector. vectors, zero vector. Application of d
to be covered.
t s of a vector. Simple curves
rs too and three
dimensions. trigonometric f
t anit vectors
along the x, y and the z 8. Application of Calcu
axes
penatos Sum and
expressing a vector in terms of the unt
Application of C
Difference of vectors; scalar
multiplication of a
vector
Cost function,
average cost
Sakar (dos) product of marginal cOst a
vectors and its
prseuet properties- area of geometrioal
its
signifhoance.
demand functio
a ge a triangle, aroa revenue functio

fe Proofs ofyrodutuolume of of
parallelogram, cou oectors. marginal reven=
gpometrical parallelepiped,
he ionion Geometry theorema by using Vecter
oplanar
a

Profit function
algebra are
Ccluded.
Rough sketchin

a 49045 and direction Interpretation

a ne, ratios oi a line Self-explanatoru

coplanar joining
and skew line, two
pOns
artesian equation and

lines
Note: Applicatie
hoxtest s funchion an
 (il)
Carteatan and
vecto equntion of a plane. Angle etween ) tWe mes, y P pat
ul a lin And
a plane, Distariee of a
jrint ron laie a

qtation aie, v#o, e

f nd linen pntinllel lo i
Eqation V plane V plane, plane
Direction osines, diretion alio
Angle betueen feo lina in tema of direetioi tosinesldinneliom ulos
Condition for lines to be perpendi iln
Lines
/paralll
Carlesin and vector equations of a linne through and uo
one poinlo
Coplanar and skew linen
Conditions for intersection of loo lines,
Distance of a point from a line
Shortest distance betwcen two line
Nofe: Symmetric and non-symmetric forms of lines are reguied to be conUeYea

Planes
Cartestan and vector equalion of a plane
Direction ratios of the normal lo the plane.
Onepoint form.
Normal form
Intercept form
Distance of a
point from a plane
Intersection of the line and plane.
Angle betoeen too planes, a line and a plane,
Equation of a plane through the intersection of tuo planes ie, P, + kP, =0

7. Application of Integrals
Application in finding the area bounded by simple curves and coordinate axes. Area
enclosed between two curves.
Application ofdefinite integrals area bounded by curves, lines and coordinate axes is required
to be covered.
Simple curves: lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses, polynomial functions, modulus function
trigonometric function, exponential functions, logarithmic functions,
SECTIONC
8. Application of Caleulus
Application of Calculus in Commerce and Economics in the following

Cost function,
average cost,
marginal cost and its interpretation,
demand function,
revenue function,
marginal revenue and its interpretation.
function
Profit function and breakeven point.

Rough sketching of the following curves: AR, MR, R, C, AC, MC and their mathematical
interpretationusing theconcept of maxima and minima
and increasing-decreasing functions.

Self-explanatory
and decreasing
Note: Application involoing differentiation, integration, increasing

fiunchion and maxima and minima to be covered.

 (xiv)
9. Linear Regression
Lines of regression of x on y and y on x.

Scatter diagramis.
The method of least squares
Linesof best fit.
Regression coeficient of x on y and y on x.
yxb P, 0sb,, xb S1
ldentification of regression equations.
Angle betuveen regression_ line and properties of
Estimation of the value of one variable regressiOn lines
of regression. using the value of other variable from
appropriate Iiw
line
Self-explanatory.
10. Linear Programming
Introduction, related
different types of linearterminology
such as constraints,
programming (L.P.)
objective function, optimization.
problems, graphical method of solution forproblems, mathematical formulation of LP
infeasible regions (bounded and problems in two variables, feasible and
unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions,
feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial
constraints). optimal
Introduction, definition of related terminology such as
adoantages of linear programming; limitations linear constraints, objective function,
programmimg; diferent types of linear of programming; optimization,
L.P. problems, graphical method solution
application
programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical areas of linear

Tegions, feasible and infeasible solutions, for problems in two variables, feasible formulation
of
and
of
optimum feasible solution. infeasible