Life science

Unit 3L.4: Body Parts and Functions

• Organs in the Human body

• Keeping Healthy
• The Skeleton

Science skills:

• Classification
• Observing
• Making models
• Data collection

By the end of this unit you should:

• Compare the structure of humans and animals and
recognize that some have an internal skeleton that
provides protection and support and allows for
movement.
• Know that humans and other animals have lungs for
gas exchange, intestines for absorbing food, kidneys
for dealing with waste and a heart for circulating
blood around the body.
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1 Body Parts and Functions
 2.5.2 Life science

You can use your senses to observe. You have 5

senses. Your senses are seeing, hearing, smelling,
touching and tasting.

The brain receives information from the outside

environment through the sense organs.

Your eyes help Your ears help

you see you hear

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Your tongue helps You touch things

you taste with your skin

Your nose helps

you smell

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Key terms: Key Idea:

• Sense organs • The 5 senses are seeing,

• Senses hearing, smelling, touching
and tasting.

Key Questions

Q1-Look at the pictures of the objects below.

What body organ and sense would we use?
Object Body Organ Sense

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3.6.2
Organs in the human body

The human body is like a machine. It has many

organs inside it. These organs do not work alone.
A number of organs work together to carry out
different functions in our body.

Heart Lungs Liver

Kidneys Intestines

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Activity:

After discussing with your teacher, using outlined

figure below, draw and label the organ parts in
their correct places.

Liver- Intestines- Heart- Lungs- Kidneys

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Every organ in the human body has a special

function to perform.

The heart: The human heart is responsible for

supplying the body with oxygenated blood. It is
vital to the circulatory system.
The lungs: This is a part of the respiratory
system.
The air that you breathe contains many gases
that the body needs to function, including oxygen.
The kidneys: it filters waste, the waste forms
urine.
The liver: The liver's main job is to filter the
blood coming from the digestive tract.
The intestines: The small intestine is where most
digestion of food takes place. The large intestine
is for absorption of water and excretion of solid
waste material. They are part of the digestive
system.

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 2.5.1 Life science

Activity: Do you have any fish as pets?

Observe the goldfish carefully, your teacher
will tell you about some parts of the fish!

Now label and try to draw the organ

parts correctly in the diagram below.

Liver- Intestines- Heart- Gills- Kidney

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Project:

Materials Process Skills

White T-shirt or picture of Making and using

T-shirt, fabric paints and models
brushes

Steps:
1- On white T-shirt draw the outline for these
organ parts;
Heart
Lungs
Intestines
Kidneys
Liver
2- Position them correctly.
3- Paint using the fabric colors.
4- Display the T- shirt or even wear it after it is
dry.

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Key terms: Key ideas:

• Organs • Humans and other animals

• Heart have lungs, heart, kidneys,
• Lungs liver and intestines with
• Kidneys specialized functions.
• Liver
• Intestines

Key Questions

Q1- Match the body organ with its function.

1- Heart a- Take out solid

waste.

2- Lungs b- Filter waste

3- Kidneys c- Take in oxygen

4- Intestines d- Pump blood

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3.6.4

Keeping healthy
Do you like to play tag or balance on one foot? Do
you like to fly through the air on a swing or go
down a slide?
Playing and moving are ways to exercise. Exercise
helps you stay healthy.

The heart is the most important organ of our

body. Like all muscles, the muscles of the heart
become stronger with exercise. Exercise increases
the rate of breathing and the heart beats higher
than normal.

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How many times does our heart beat every

minute?
You would be surprised to know the heart which is
just the size of your fist, beats 70-90 times a
minute!!

Activity: Process Skills:

What effect does exercise have Observing
on our heart rate? Enquiring

Steps:
1- Record your friends ‘resting’ pulse rate in the
table. Resting is when they are just standing.
2- Design a fair test to measure your friend’s
heart rate after exercise. (Think about what kind
of exercise they will do)
3- Record your results in the table below.

Name Pulse Pulse Pulse Average

reading 1 reading 2 reading 3 reading

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Swim, jump, run !!! It is fun to exercise. It helps

keep our heart and lungs healthy.

Healthy food
You need food to grow. Which foods do you think
will help you stay healthy? There are food groups
in the Food Guide Pyramid. Can you name some
food types in each group?

Fats

Proteins

Vitamins and Fibers

Carbohydrates

Food Guide Pyramid

You need to eat more food from the bottom of the

Food Guide Pyramid. You need to eat less food
from the top of the Pyramid.

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Activity:

Materials: Process Skills:

Pencil, crayons, scissors, glue,
Classifying
food magazines

Steps:
1- Cut out pictures of different foods from the
magazines.
2- Arrange the pictures into a food pyramid. (Label the
groups!).

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The importance of food groups in the human diet.

Food group Source Function

Carbohydrates Cereals, bread, Provides energy

Pasta

Proteins Beans, meat, For growth and

eggs, chicken, repair of the
dairy products body

Fats Dairy products, Store of energy

meat, sweets,
oils

Vitamins and Cereals, fruits, Needed for

fibres vegetables good digestion,
healthy heart,
bones and teeth

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Project: Food diary Process Skills:

Record your daily food intake at Observing,
breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks Enquiring
for three days of the week.

Week Day Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snacks

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Time to think:

1- Choose one of the foods from the table.

Which food group does it belong to?

_______________________________________

2- Investigate the food labels from two of the

packaged foods from the table you completed.
Look at the sugar, salt and calories for both
labels.

Which food has the highest sugar?

Which food has the lowest salt?

Which food has the most calories?

3-Which day did you eat the healthiest food?

Why?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________
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Key terms: Key ideas:

• Heart rate • Exercise affects the
• Carbohydrates heart rate and that
• Fats regular exercise with a
• Proteins proper balanced diet is
• Vitamins and important for good
fibers health.

Key Questions

Q1- Look at the two lunch boxes A and B:

A Pita bread and B Pizza, salad,

hummus, chicken salad, chocolate bar,
apple, bottle of water, piece of cake,
packet of crisps fizzy drink

Which lunch box contains the healthier meal?

Give 3 reasons why?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

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Key Questions

Q2- Look at the tally chart showing how often a

group of children eat fruit.

How often? How many children?

more than once a day  

once a day  

once a week   
less than once a week 
never 

a. How many children never ate fruit?_________

b. How many children ate fruit once a week?

c. Which children were the healthiest? Why?

____________________________________

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 3.6.5
Life science

Skeleton
Stand up, turn around, touch your nose, and sit
down. What makes your body move? Your body
has bones and muscles. Bones hold your body up.
Feel the long bones in your legs. Feel the short
bones in your fingers. The main framework of the
body is called the skeleton. It is covered by
muscles, whose function is to permit movement and
maintain posture. Muscles are the masses of
tough, elastic tissue that pull our bones when we
move. Together, our bones, muscles, and joints
enable us to do everyday physical activities.

Skull

Ribcage

Spine
Pelvis

Femur
Patella

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Do you know a baby has about 350 bones in its body. As

babies grow some of the bones join together, by the
time a human becomes an adult they only have 206

Why is the Skeletal System important to us?

• It gives us shape and support.
• It helps us to bend and move.
• It protects the inner organs or parts of our
body.

Heart inside the ribcage Brain inside the skull

Kidney inside pelvis

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Activity:

Materials: Process Skills:

Large paper, crayon. Observing

Steps:

1- Lie on a large piece of paper.

2-Have your partner trace around your body.

3- Draw teeth in the mouth.

4- Draw the bones.

The thigh bone is the femur. It is the largest

5- Draw muscles in your arms.
and strongest bone in the body. The smallest
bone is in the ear named stirrup bone.

Femur Stirrup bone

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Time to think:

Match the bone part to the correct name

teeth

pelvis

spine

femur

rib cage

skull

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Vertebrate and Invertebrate Skeleton

Discuss with your teacher!

Internal parts of Internal parts of

invertebrates vertebrates

What are two differences between vertebrates

and invertebrates?

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

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Look at the pictures and answer the following

questions:

A B C

D E F

Q1- Do these skeletons belong to vertebrates or

invertebrates?
__________________________________

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Different animals have different types of skulls.

Animals that eat only plants have big and flat
teeth such as sheep. Animals that eat meat have
sharp and pointed teeth such as lions.

Skull of sheep Skull of lion

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Key terms: Key ideas:

• Skeleton • The skeletal system is
• Bones made of bones.
• Skull • It gives shape and
• Ribcage support and protects the
• Femur inner organs.
• Pelvis

Key Questions
Q1- Complete the graphic organizer.
Bone Purpose
ribs
Protects the kidneys
skull

Our Sense Organs

What can you use to observe all the things around

Q2- Circle the skull that belongs to the
you?
animal that eats meat. How can you tell?
________________________________

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