RAKOTOMALALA Everaldo Dos Santos

19187/M2/SE/D
Année : 2018-2019

ANGLAIS
1 Comparative table of the education system of Rwanda and Madagascar
Rwanda Madagascar
- Official language: Rwanda is a small country -Official language: the official languages are
located in the center of Africa Malagasy and French.
- Locate the country: The official languages -Locate the country: Madagascar is an island
are English, French and Kinyarwanda. located southeast of the African continent, in
-Organization of education: Education is the Indian Ocean.
organized in three different levels: pre-school -Organization of education: Malagasy
concerns children aged 3 to 6 years; primary education has three school levels such as
education for children aged 7 to 13 and elementary education which welcomes
secondary education for young people between children from 6 to 11 years old and secondary
14 and 17 years of age. education divided into two stages: the junior
-Free education: the nursery school is paying secondary stage for young people from 12 to
and then it becomes free. 15 years and the upper secondary stage for
- Compulsory education: education is young people from 16 to 18 years old.
compulsory for children aged 7 to 13. - Compulsory education: education is
-Access girls and boys: Girls and boys have compulsory for children between 6 and 14
the right to go to school. years old.
-Literacy rate: 70.4% of people over the age of -Access girls and boys: Girls and boys have
15 can read and write (76.3% of men and the right to go to school.
64.7% of women) - Literacy rate: 68.9% of people over 15 can
-School year: back to school takes place in read and write (75.5% of men and 62.5% of
September. They run either in the morning or women)
in the afternoon, which allows schools to -School year: it is divided into 5 two-month
welcome more students. periods. They have holidays to All Saints' Day,
-Material taught: the subjects taught are Christmas, Easter and "winter holidays".
mathematics, French, English, music, sport, -Material taught: the subjects are taught in
drawing, manual work, hygiene, home Malagasy and / or French.
economics, agriculture and craft work. Primary In primary school, they take courses in history-
education takes place in Kinyarwanda. geography, mathematics, life sciences, French
-Sports at school: There are sports lessons and Malagasy, sports, manual work and
- sometimes physical sciences
 -Sports at school: there are sports lessons for
secondary school.

Rwanda is a small country located in the center of Africa. Its official languages are
English, French and Kinyarwanda. Education is organized at different levels: pre-school
education concerns children aged 3 to 6 for private schools. Primary education is for children
from 7 to 13 years old and secondary education for young people between 14 and 17 years of
age. However for Madagascar it is an island located in the South-East of the African continent
in the Indian Ocean. The official languages are Malagasy and French. As in Rwanda,
Malagasy education has three school levels, but Malagasy education has three school levels:
elementary education which welcomes children from 6 to 11 years old. And secondary
education divided into two stages: the junior secondary stage for young people aged 12 to 15
and the upper secondary stage for young people aged 16 to 18. For both countries girls and
boys have the right to go to school. In addition education is compulsory for children aged 7 to
13 years for Rwanda but from 6 to 14 years for Madagascar. The literacy rate is 70.4% of
people over 15 can read and write, including 76.3% of men and 64.7% of women in Rwanda
while 68.9% of people over 15 years can read and write of which 75.5% of men and 62.5% of
women for Madagascar. Thus the pupils have 5 hours of lessons per day for the public school;
the school year is divided into 5 two-month periods. They have holidays to All Saints' Day,
Christmas, Easter and "big holidays" of winter in, month of July in normal period in
Madagascar. Back to school in Rwanda takes place in September. They run either in the
morning or in the afternoon, which allows schools to welcome more students. The subjects
taught are mathematics, French, English, music, sport, drawing, manual work, hygiene, home
economics, agriculture and craft work. For Madagascar in primary school, they take history-
geography, mathematics, life sciences, French and Malagasy, sports, manual work and
sometimes physical sciences.

The difference between these two countries is based on free primary education in
Rwanda but still pays off in Madagascar. Facilitate access and retention in primary school by
reducing school costs for families through subsidies for teachers' salaries and school kits for
children. Support the education process by improving the teaching and learning environment
through training for teachers and school principals, school funding in vulnerable regions,
improvement of school infrastructure, as well than school feeding. Strengthen the foundations
of the primary education system by rebuilding the capacity of stakeholders, and improving
community participation and social responsibility. The Malagasy Ministry of National
Education manages the SME project in partnership with the World Bank and UNICEF. The
current SME-funded program has contributed to the following results in the education sector:
Grants were allocated to 21,653 schools in December 2015 and social responsibility training
was provided to parents' associations and school management committees. About 600 schools
have benefited from a school feeding program benefiting 121,200 children Around 1.8 million
school kits containing basic supplies for primary school children were distributed from 2015
15,843 community teachers and school principals were trained in five targeted regions The
salaries of 21,606 community teachers were subsidized in 12 targeted areas in 2014 An
education sector diagnostic was carried out to prepare the development of the education sector
plan. While in Rwanda. sees education as a key investment in the country's future growth and
development. This is illustrated by the increase in the share of the national budget allocated to
the education sector, which should drop from 17% for the period 2012-2013 to 22% for the
period 2017-2018. In recent years, the Rwandan education system has experienced an
impressive period of growth, particularly in terms of access to education. However, the
country still encounters many difficulties, such as the heavy task of the double service time of
teachers in the primary cycle, as well as the linguistic transition from French to English from
level 4, very difficult for teachers not not having the time to improve their English skills.

In Madagascar, the PES or Education Sector Plan creates a lot of debate in Malagasy
society. This program established by the Ministry of National Education and this during the
time of Minister Paul Rabary which aims above all to set up a school calendar which is best
suited to education and teaching in Madagascar. It’s mainly about avoiding students going to
class during hurricane seasons but many other projects. This plan was not abandoned by the
ministry even if there was a change of political leaders. This ministry currently intends to
implement it, which creates concerns for parents of students especially because it is about
their children and their future. The new school calendar envisaged by this plan poses a
problem for parents. According to polls by journalists, most parents want to go back to the old
school calendar, which begins in late September and ends in June. They say this calendar was
going well because they have gone through this and they want us to apply the same calendar
for their children. On the other hand, the organizers of this plan argue that this new calendar,
which has been studied with parents and teachers, is very suitable for students because it
provides security for all students. We are not going to say if this plan is suitable for education
in Madagascar but our remark is mainly aimed at our consciences. The question we have to
ask ourselves is: until when are we going to use our children as guinea pigs for experiments
like laboratory rats? What does that mean? Didier Ratsiraka’s socialist regime set up the
Malagasy movement which created some frustration for those who have experienced it
because they feel limited and isolated when it comes to international relations. They do not
want their descendants to experience the same situation. Successive presidents have tried
other systems, and it's normal for parents to be afraid of what will happen to their children.