8 X October 2020

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.31844
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue X Oct 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

Analysis of Roller Shaft Pad Steam Machine

Vandan R. Bhide1, Amol R. Patil2
1
Student, Mechanical Engg. Department, SVCET Rajuri, Pune, India.
2
HOD, Mechanical Engg. Department, SVCET Rajuri, Pune, India.

Abstract: Machine component shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in section. Generally shaft are
manufacturing by mild steel, when high strength is required alloy steel used. Exiting shaft AISI 1040 used in pad steam machine
failed after 2600 hrs due to crack generation. This paper work represented to analysis of roller shaft used in steam pad machine
used in textile industry. The FEA was done in Ansys software by using selected three materials Carbon Steel (AISI 1040), EN8,
EN24 based on their composition. FEA show that the EN24 Material is best suggested material among all material.
Keywords: AISI 1040, EN8, EN24, Endurance limit, Fatigue.

I. INTRODUCTION
A shaft is a rotating member, usually of circular cross-section, used to transmit power or motion. The power is delivered to shaft by
some tangential force and the resultant torque (T) set up within the shaft transmit power to machine linked up to the shaft. In order
to transmit power from one shaft to another, the various member such as a gears, pulleys, flywheels, crank sprockets etc. are
mounted on it. A shaft subjected to torsion, bending or axial load or a combination of these loads. Therefore shaft must be strong
enough to resist these loads individually or in combination. The main cause of failure of shaft is fatigue, which arise due to
presences of cyclic overloads, due to wrong adjustment of bearing and their insufficient clearance due to stress concentration arise
due to undercut, keyways and holes.
This project presents the optimization and failure analysis of carbon steel roller shaft of continuous pad steam machine used in
textile industry. The fracture position was located at a stepped diameter. The failed component was the shaft made of carbon steel
AISI 1040.
In this paper replacing exiting shaft material with three different material used in heavy duty application. Using Ansys find out area
of failure in shaft and using this failure analysis, we pinpointed the root cause of failure and developed a means of solving this type
of failure.

Fig. 1- Continuous pad steam process

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Pad-Steam dyeing is a process of continuous dyeing in which the fabric in open width is padded with dyestuff and is then steamed.
Pad steam is an ideal machine for reactive dyeing of cotton and its blended fabrics. Light, pale and medium shades can be dyed in
this machine. Continuous roller steamer is used for diffusion of reactive and direct dyes into cellulosic fibers in an atmosphere of
heat and moisture that is created by saturated steam injected into the steamer.
1) Purpose of this Machine: It can be used as a pad batch for reactive dyeing in which batch is left for 12-18 hours for the
completion of the reaction. For time saving the fabric passes through the steamer for 1 minute and the reaction is completed.
2) It can also be used for reduction clearance (RC) in which we treat PC fabric with caustic and sodium hydrosulphide to remove
the disperse dye from cotton.
3) Stripping of the fabric can also be done on this machine that is, color can be removed completely by adding higher amount of
caustic and sodium hydrosulphide.
4) It can be used for the development of Vat dyes.
5) The dyed fabric can be washed in this machine.

A. Main section of this machine

1) Inlet Section
a) Plaited/batcher
b) Tensioner rollers
c) Free guide roller
d) Stationary rollers

2) Padding Section
a) Padders use for padding.
b) The pressure of the padders are 1.5 - 2 bar.
c) Two types of pressure used in Kuster padders, hydraulic and pneumatic.
d) The central pressure is hydraulic and side pressure is pneumatic.
e) We can adjust the pressure of the padders, to prevent the listing problem.
f) Liquor is picked in the fabric; afterwards the excessive liquor is squeezed out by means of padders at predetermined pick-up%
set by applying pressure on the padders.
g) Steamer: Here in steamer temperature required for the fixation is given to the fabric. This temperature is achieved by saturated
steam. The purpose of using saturated steam is that the chemicals used for developing should not dry on the surface of fabric
preventing fabric from stains. Here roof temperature is given to avoid water dropping that causes spotty dyeing. Here water is
not given at the entry of steamer because to prevent developing chemicals that just applied before going into steamer so water
lock is given at the end of steamer.
h) Process: A process of continuous dyeing in which the fabric in open width padded with dyestuff and is then steamed,
Continuous roller steamer is used for diffusion of reactive, vat, Sulphur and direct dyes into cellulosic fiber in an atmosphere of
heat and moisture that is created by steam injected into the steamer.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Roller shaft which is used in Steam Pad Machine used in textile industry found to be failure after 2600 hrs service. Initiation of
cracks and wear of the shaft lead to the crack propagation. Untimely failure of the shaft can drastically reduce the productivity and
affects financially due to down time and unusually high maintenance costs.

III. THEORETICAL CALCULATION AND FEA ANALYSIS.

In many application machine component are subjected to forces, which are not static, but vary in magnitude with respect to time.
The stresses induced due to such forces are called fluctuating stresses. It has been observed that materials fail under fluctuating
stresses at a stress magnitude which is lower than the ultimate tensile strength of the material. Sometimes it has been found that the
magnitude even lower than yield strength; it has been found that the magnitude of stress causing fatigue failure decreases as the
number of stress cycle increases. It has been observed that about 80% of failure of mechanical component are due to the fatigue
failure.

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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The roller shaft of a continuous pad steam machine suddenly appeared the abnormal phenomenon when it was running in condition.
These paper represent the material analysis weight optimization and stiffness characteristic of steam pad machine roller shaft
maintaining the integrity of the specification.
Roller shaft is connected to the gear box shaft through universal coupling; gear box is driven by VFD controlled motor 15KW
running at 2900 rpm. Considering these parameter we are twisting moment for FEA 1250 N-m with applying the load 170KN.
Service life of the component was only 2600hrs.

Fig. 2-Schematic illustration of the roller shaft.

Fig. 3- Shaft Dimensions

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue X Oct 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Material Selection Based on Following Point

1) When high strength is required.
2) Load is applied on shaft.
3) Manufacture process on shaft.
4) Different machining process on shaft.
5) Operating time is considered for different application of shaft.
In this project I used four different materials based on their composition viz. Carbon steel AISI 1040, EN8, and EN24. For material
selection we take some general point into consideration such as mechanical and chemical composition of material, Easy availability,
cost, machinability etc.
Table I – Chemical composition of material
Material Name Chemical Composition of Material
C Mn S P Si Cr Fe
Carbon Steel 0.39 0.70 0.045 0.035 ---- ----- Balance
EN8 0.38 0.81 0.02 0.012 0.12 ----
EN 24 0.4 0.6 0.03 0.02 0.015 1.3

Table II- Material Property Details

Sr. Material Name Tensile yield Young’s Density(ρ) Poisson ratio
No. strength Modules(E)(N/mm2) (kg/mm3)
1 Carbon Steel 659 200 x 106 7845 0.3
(AISI 1040)
2 EN 8 660 190 x 106 7850 0.28
3 EN 24 850 207 x 106 7840 0.29

B. Theoretical calculation
For Carbon Steel (AISI 1040) steam pad roller shaft material:-
The volume (V) of roller shaft is used is 3.566E+08.
Therefor the Weight (W) of the roller shaft for respective material is
= ×
= 3.566E+08 x 7.84E-06
= 2797.527 kg.

1) EN8 Material
= ×
= 3.566E+08 x 7.855E-06
= 2801.093 kg.

2) EN 24 Material
= ×
= 3.566E+08 x 7.8E-06
= 2781.48 kg.

C. Stiffness of Steam pad Roller Shaft (k)

1) Carbon Steel (AISI 1040) roller Shaft Material
Weight of roller shaft (W) = 2797.527 kg
Deformation ( ) = 32.10 mm
= ⁄
= 2797.57 / 33.05
= 84.15 kg/mm

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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2) EN8 roller Shaft Material

Weight of roller shaft (W) = 2801.093kg
Deformation ( ) = 34.81mm
= ⁄
= 2801.093 / 34.81
= 80 kg/mm

3) EN 24 roller Shaft Material

Weight of roller shaft (W) = 2781.48 kg
Deformation ( ) = 30.58mm
= ⁄
= 2781.48 / 30.85
= 90.161 kg/mm

D. Theoretical Endurance limit Calculation

1
= 0.5 ut
1
= Theoretical endurance limit
ut = Ultimate Tensile Strength
To determine corrected endurance limit Se the correction factor to be considered.
Se=Cload x Csize x Csurf x Ctemp x CReliability x Se1
Cload = 1
Csize =1.189 x d -0.097 for 8mm<d<250mm
Csurf = 4.51 x Sut-0.265
Ctemp = 1
Creliability = 1
1) AISI 1040
Se1=0.5 x 620
= 325MPa
Se = 1x 1.189 x 115-0.097x 4.51 x 650-0.265 x 1 x 1 x 325

2) EN 24
Se1=0.5 x 850
=425MPa
Se = 1x 1.189 x 115-0.097x 4.51 x 850-0.265 x 1 x 1 x 425
= 240.7MPa

3) EN8
Se1=0.5 x 775
= 387.5MPa
Se = 1x 1.189 x 115-0.097x 4.51 x 775-0.265 x 1 x 1 x 387.5
=225MPa

Table III- Theoretical Endurance limit

Sr. Material Corrected
No. Endurance limit
Se (MPa)
1 AISI 1040 197.6
1 EN8 225
1 EN24 240.7

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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E. CAD Model
Roller of a steam pad machine is taken for the study work. Dimensions are taken from technical paper. These dimensions used for
3D modeling of steam pad machine roller shaft. Dimension are required for calculation the boundary condition and geometrical of
shaft.
Length = 3821mm
Maximum diameter = 360mm
Minimum diameter = 95mm

Fig. 4- CAD model for roller shaft

F. FEA Analysis
Hyper work is the general purpose FEA tool with a group of simulation are model geometry in the form of .stp file format, Material
properties of selected material, boundary condition
In Finite Element Analysis we examine the parameter like von misses stress, deformation; maximum and minimum principle stress
and strain. The main purpose of the stress analysis is to compare material tensile properties, by using volume and density of
different material we found out the mass of the shaft; also we found out the stiffness of shaft material after the criteria is decided to
suggest the suitable material for the steam pad roller shaft.
1) Meshing of Roller Shaft

Fig. 5- Meshing of roller shaft

Meshing of shaft in hyper work pre-processing software analysis is shown in fig. solid
5199 mesh element and element size is 40.00 mm, 3d mesh element type R-tria is used for meshing and simulation.
Number of nodes: - 6385, Number of element: - 29462

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2) Apply load and Boundary Conditions: Boundary condition play an important role in finite element analysis. We use two ends
with single point constraint and rotational force =1250.9N-m.

Fig. 6- Boundary condition of roller shaft

3) Analysis: In hyper work prepossessing gives the meshing result and post processing done in Nastran & Optistruct section. We
find out the result of maximum & minimum principal stress, Displacement, maximum and minimum von-misses stress and
strain of four selected materials.

Fig. 7- VonMises Stress for AISI1040

Fig. 8- Shaft Displacement of AISI1040

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
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Fig. 9- Max.Shear Stress for AISI1040

Fig. 10- VonMises Strain for AISI1040

Fig. 11-Max. Shear Strain for AISI1040

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Fig. 12-VonMises Stress for EN24

Fig. 13- Shaft Displacement for EN24

Fig. 14-VonMises Strain for EN24

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Fig. 15- Max. Shear Strain for EN24

Fig. 16-VonMises Stress for EN8

Fig. 17- Shaft Displacement for EN8

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Fig. 18-Max. Shear Stress for EN8

Fig. 19- VonMises Strain for EN8

Fig. 20- Max. Shear Strain for EN8

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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Table IV- FEA Result of Different materials

Sr. Material Maximum Maximum Von- Maximum
No. Name Von-Misses Misses Strain Displacement
Stress (N/mm2) (mm)
2
(N/mm )
1 Carbon 1.166E+05 5.026E-01 3.305E+01
Steel
(AISI
1040)
2 EN8 1.16E+05 5.29E-01 3.481E+01
3 EN24 1.122E+05 4.66E-01 3.08E+01

IV. CONCLUSION
A. From analysis it is conclude that the maximum stress generated at shaft shoulder and step portion.
B. Less deformation, fatigue strength are the criteria used for the optimization roller shaft material.
C. The optimized steam pad roller shaft is lighter than current carbon steel steam pad roller shaft comparatively much stiffer than
former Carbon Steel material.
D. EN24 has less elongation and maximum ultimate tensile stress 682 MPa other than selected material.
E. From Theoretical analysis Corrected Endurance limit for EN24 much higher than AISI 1040 and FEA analysis shows stress
induced at shoulder of shaft is less in case of shaft EN24 than AISI 1040.
F. Less stress and high endurance limit would cause increase fatigue life of shaft.

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Author express their deepest gratitude to the department of Design Engineering, Sahyadri Valley College of engineering Rajuri,
Pune, for providing full-fledged support to accomplished this work.

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