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    SHAMRAIZKHAN
    The document discusses different measures of central tendency: - The mean is the average value calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of observations. However, outliers can skew the mean away from the central area in a skewed distribution. - The median is the middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest. It splits the dataset evenly in half. - The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the dataset. It identifies the highest point on a bar chart. It also defines the variance as a measurement of how far each number is from the mean, calculated by squaring the differences between each number and the mean and dividing by the number of values. Finally,

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    18 views2 pages
    The document discusses different measures of central tendency: - The mean is the average value calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of observations. However, outliers can skew the mean away from the central area in a skewed distribution. - The median is the middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest. It splits the dataset evenly in half. - The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the dataset. It identifies the highest point on a bar chart. It also defines the variance as a measurement of how far each number is from the mean, calculated by squaring the differences between each number and the mean and dividing by the number of values. Finally,

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    The document discusses different measures of central tendency: - The mean is the average value calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of observations. However, outliers can skew the mean away from the central area in a skewed distribution. - The median is the middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest. It splits the dataset evenly in half. - The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the dataset. It identifies the highest point on a bar chart. It also defines the variance as a measurement of how far each number is from the mean, calculated by squaring the differences between each number and the mean and dividing by the number of values. Finally,

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    18 views2 pages

    Q1 Ans

    Uploaded by

    SHAMRAIZKHAN
    The document discusses different measures of central tendency: - The mean is the average value calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of observations. However, outliers can skew the mean away from the central area in a skewed distribution. - The median is the middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest. It splits the dataset evenly in half. - The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the dataset. It identifies the highest point on a bar chart. It also defines the variance as a measurement of how far each number is from the mean, calculated by squaring the differences between each number and the mean and dividing by the number of values. Finally,

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    Q1 ans(A) : Mean: Mean is the arithmetic average and it is probably the measure

    of central tendency that you are most familiar.

    Calculating the mean is very simple. You just add up all of the values and divide by the number
    0f observations in your dataset.

    = x1+x2+….+xn/n

    However, in a skewed distribution the mean can miss the mark. in histogram it is starting to fall
    outsode the central area. Problem occurs because outliers have a substantial impact on the mean.
    Extreme values in an extended tail pull the mean away from the centre. As the distribution
    becomes more skewed, the mean is drawn further away from the centre.

    Median: median is the middle value. It is the value splits the dataset in half. To find the
    median, order your data from smallest to largest and then find the data point that has an equal
    amount of values above it and below it. The method for locating the median varies slightly
    depending on whether your dataset has an even or odd number of values.

    In the example, I use whole numbers for simplicity but you can have decimal places. In the
    dataset with the odd number of observation notice how the number 12 has six values above it and
    six below it. Therefore, 12 is the median of this dataset.

    Mode: mode is the value that occurs the most frequently in your dataset. On a bar chart, the
    mode is the highest bar. If the data have multiples value that are tied for occurring the most
    frequently, you have a multimodal distribution. If no value repeats, the data do not have a mode.

    (B) Ans: variance: variance in statistics is a measurement of the spread between


    numbers in a dataset. That is, it measures how far each each number in the set is from yhe mean
    and therefore from every other number in the set.

    Understanding the variance is calculated by taking the differences between each number in the
    datset and the mean then squaring the differences to make thewm positive and finally dividing
    the sum of squares by the number of value in the dataset.

    Variance= (xi-x)2/n

    Suppose the scores are 67,72,85, 93, 98.

    Variance = (x-|x|)/n

    |x|=83,n=5

    Total variance is 141.2.


    (C) Ans: Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function(CCDF): CDf describes the
    probability that a random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a
    value less than or equal to x.

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