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    Urinary System: Excrete Produced Processes Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion Concentrate

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    Eurasia Blossom
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, regulating homeostasis. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder, a temporary storage organ. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Each component works together to filter waste and regulate fluid balance in the body.

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    Urinary System: Excrete Produced Processes Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion Concentrate

    Uploaded by

    Eurasia Blossom
    32 views2 pages
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, regulating homeostasis. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder, a temporary storage organ. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Each component works together to filter waste and regulate fluid balance in the body.

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    Urinary System

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    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, regulating homeostasis. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder, a temporary storage organ. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Each component works together to filter waste and regulate fluid balance in the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views2 pages

    Urinary System: Excrete Produced Processes Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion Concentrate

    Uploaded by

    Eurasia Blossom
    The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, regulating homeostasis. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder, a temporary storage organ. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Each component works together to filter waste and regulate fluid balance in the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Urinary System

     Kidney
    The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine. The
    microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. It processes the blood supplied
    to it via filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion; the consequence of those processes is the
    production of urine. These include the nitrogenous wastes urea, from protein catabolism, and uric acid,
    from nucleic acid metabolism. The ability of mammals and some birds to concentrate wastes into a
    volume of urine much smaller than the volume of blood from which the wastes were extracted is
    dependent on an elaborate countercurrent multiplication mechanism. This requires several independent
    nephron characteristics to operate: a tight hairpin configuration of the tubules, water and ion
    permeability in the descending limb of the loop, water impermeability in the ascending loop, and active
    ion transport out of most of the ascending limb. In addition, passive countercurrent exchange by the
    vessels carrying the blood supply to the nephron is essential for enabling this function.

    The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base


    balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure. The kidney
    accomplishes these homeostatic functions both independently and in concert with other organs,
    particularly those of the endocrine system. Various endocrine hormones coordinate these endocrine
    functions; these include renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic
    peptide, among others.

     Ureter
    The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. There are two
    ureters, one attached to each kidney. The upper half of the ureter is located in the abdomen and the
    lower half is located in the pelvic area. 
     Bladder
    The urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the
    pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and shape of
    the urinary bladder varies with the amount of urine it contains and with the pressure it receives from
    surrounding organs.

    The inner lining of the urinary bladder is a mucous membrane of transitional epithelium that is


    continuous with that in the ureters. When the bladder is empty, the mucosa has numerous folds
    called rugae. The rugae and transitional epithelium allow the bladder to expand as it fills.

     Urethra
    In females, the main urethra functions are the transportation of urine out of the body,
    prevention of urine reflux, and protection against pathogenic bacteria. In males, the urethra has four
    functions – the expulsion of urine, the expulsion of sperm, the prevention of either of these fluids from
    traveling back into the lower urinary tract, and protection against bacteria entering from outside of the
    body.

    The lumen of the urethra of both genders is surrounded by a layer of stratified columnar
    epithelium.  This epithelium layer is protected from the high acidity environment of the urethra by
    mucus which also keeps the urethra moist and supple. The next layer that makes up the urethral wall is
    the mucus-secreting submucosa or spongy coat. This layer is surrounded by an inner
    longitudinal muscle, which is itself surrounded by an outer circular muscle. This combination of
    longitudinal and circular muscles provides stronger contraction power.

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