Problem Sets
Problem Sets
Set
1
1]
Express
the
answer
for
the
following
operation
the
proper
number
of
significant
digits
and
absolute
uncertainty:
(5
points)
(36.2
±
0.4)/(27.1
±
0.6)
=
____
2]
What
is
the
molar
concentration
of
0.78
%
(w/v)
NaCl(aq)
(MW
=
58.4
g/mol).
(5
points)
3]
How
many
milliliters
of
0.1000
M
HCl
are
required
to
make
100.0
mL
of
25.00
mM
HCl?
(5
points)
4]
You
have
obtained
the
following
values
for
the
analysis
of
Cu
in
an
ore
sample.
(10
points)
2.53%
2.47%
2.51%
2.99%
2.49%
2.54%
Using
valid
statistical
methods
show
how
one
of
the
values
can
be
rejected.
5]
The
analysis
of
phosphate
in
fertilizer
was
made
using
a
reliable
method.
Seven
measurements
were
conducted.
The
mean
value
of
phosphate
in
the
sample
is
1.72
mg/g
with
a
standard
deviation,
s
of
0.17.
Express
the
sample
concentration
(with
uncertainty)
assuming
a
95%
confidence
level.
(10
points)
6]
Using
the
information
from
problem
5
estimate
the
chance
that
the
true
mean
will
be
2.20
mg/g
or
greater.
Hint
–
you
will
need
to
calculate
“z”
for
this
one,
and
think
about
the
light
bulb
example
from
lecture.
(10
points)
7]
A
blood
sample
was
sent
to
two
different
labs
for
cholesterol
analysis.
The
results
are:
Lab
1
x
=
221
mg/dL
s
=
11
n
=
10
Lab
2
x
=
233
mg/dL
s
=
14
n
=
10
Are
the
two
standard
deviations
different
significantly
different
at
the
95%
confidence
limit?
(10
points)
8]
You
have
carefully
followed
an
analytical
procedure
with
n
=
6
and
found
a
mean
of
6.37
mM
with
s
=
0.37.
Meanwhile,
Joe
Cutcorners
used
a
modified
procedure
with
n
=
4,
x
=
6.87
mM
with
s
=
0.22.
Assuming
that
the
standard
deviations
are
not
statistically
different
from
each
other,
does
Joe’s
method
have
a
systematic
error,
i.e.
statistically
different
at
the
95%
confidence
limit?
(10
points)
9]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.100
M
HCl?
(5
points)
10)
Calculate
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.025
M
acetic
acid,
Ka
=
1.8
×
10-‐5.
(5
points)
1
11)
Calculate
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.025
M
acetic
acid
and
0.025
M
sodium
acetate.
(5
points)
12)
Calculate
the
Ksp
of
barium
sulfate
(MW
233)
if
its
solubility
is
measured
as
0.0023
mg/mL.
(5
points)
13)
Part
of
the
labeling
of
a
class
“A”
pipet
is
the
letters
TD.
What
does
this
mean?
(5
points)
a) The
correct
liquid
delivery
process
should
have
entire
contents
of
the
pipet
should
be
blown
out
with
the
pipet
blub.
b) The
pipet
should
be
acid
washed
between
usages.
c) The
pipet
is
defective
and
only
semi-‐quantitative
d) The
pipet
is
coated
with
an
inert
agent.
e) The
solution
delivery
process
will
leave
behind
a
small
amount
of
liquid
in
the
tip.
14)
Calculate
the
solubility
of
PbCl2
(Ksp
=
1.7
x
10-‐5)
in
the
presence
of
0.122
M
NaCl.
(10
points)
Answers
to
Problem
Set
1
1]
1.34
±
0.03
2]
0.13
3]
25.0
4]
Q
=
2.99-‐2.54/2.99-‐2.47
=
0.865
Qtable
=
0.56
Q
>
Qtable
so
it
can
be
rejected
5]
1.72±(2.447*0.17/71/2)=1.72±0.16mg/g
6]
z=(2.20-‐1.72/0.17)=2.8
Table
4-‐1
z=2.8;area=.4974
chance
=
0.5000-‐0.4974
=
0.0026,
0.26%
chance
7]
F=142/112=1.62
F-‐Table
=
3.18
so
they
are
not
different
from
each
other
8]
Spooled=(0.372*5+0.222*3/6+4-‐2)1/2=0.332
t=(6.87-‐6.37/0.332)(6*4/6+4)1/2=2.41
ttable@95%=2.306
so
they
are
different
from
each
other.
9]
1.000
10)
3.17
11)
4.74
12)
9.7
x
10-‐11
2
13)
The
solution
delivery
process
will
leave
behind
a
small
amount
of
liquid
in
the
tip.
14)
x(0.122+2x)2=1.7e-‐5;
x=1.7e-‐5/(0.122+2x)2;
let
2x=0;
x1=1.14e-‐3
(10pts)
x2=1.10e-‐3;
x3=1.10e-‐3
3
Problem
Set
2
1) Detection
limit
of
any
instrumental
method
is
defined
as
(5
points)
a)
signal/background
=
4/1
b)
background/signal
=
2/1
c)
signal/background
=
3/2
d)
signal/background
=
3/1
2) Express
the
answer
for
the
following
calculation
the
proper
number
of
significant
figures:
(5
points)
(2.772±0.002
+
8.27±0.05)
=
Answer__________
3) The
concentration
of
H+
in
a
pH
6.772
solution
is
(5
points)
a)
1.6904
×
10-‐7
b)
1.69
×
10-‐7
c)
1.690
×
10-‐7
d)
1.7
×
10-‐7
e)
1.69044×
10-‐7
4) Standard
deviation
is
expression
of
(5
points)
a)
precision
b)
background
c)
sensitivity
d)
accuracy
e)
dynamic
range
5) The
analysis
of
Mn
(m/m)
was
conducted
on
a
Martian
rock
sample.
The
following
values
were
obtained:
4.77%
4.82%
5.22%
4.92%
5.82%
4.99%
Using
valid
statistics,
which
if
any
of
the
values
can
be
rejected?
Show
your
work
for
credit
(5
points)
6)
Sketch
a
plot
of
a
calibration
curve.
Label
the
axes
and
the
following:
(10
points)
a) background
b) dynamic
range
c) sensitivity
d) limit
of
detection
7)
A
sample
solution
with
an
unknown
concentration
of
herbicide
(λmax
=
636
nm)
was
analyzed
by
absorption
spectroscopy.
A
10.0
mL
sample
was
diluted
to
500.0
mL
and
the
absorbance
was
measured
as
0.366.
Another
10.0
mL
sample
was
mixed
with
10.0
mL
of
5.00×10-‐3
M
then
diluted
to
500.0
mL.
The
absorbance
of
this
solution
was
measured
as
0.559.
The
absorbance
of
the
blank
was
zero.
What
is
the
concentration
of
this
herbicide?
4
8)
The
analysis
of
Pb
in
a
drinking
water
was
repeated
6
times
and
yielded
a
mean
of
0.245
ppm
with
a
standard
deviation
of
0.011
ppm.
What
are
the
limits
for
the
concentration
assuming
a
95%
confidence
level?
(5
points)
a)
0.245±0.065
ppm
b)
0.245±0.011
ppm
c)
0.245±0.013
ppm
d)
0.245±0.007
ppm
9)
The
pH
of
a
solution
of
a
0.100
M
weak
acid
(HA)
Ka
=
2.7×10-‐6
is
(5
points)
a)
4.7
×
10-‐5
b)
4.7
×
10-‐6
c)
2.7
×
10-‐5
d)
5.2
×
10-‐4
10)
The
solubility
of
the
salt
MA2
(Ksp
=
8.9×10-‐17)
is
(5
points)
MA(s)
=
M2+(aq)
+
2A-‐(aq)
a)
3.9
×
10-‐5
b)
2.8
×
10-‐6
c)
4.5
×
10-‐6
d)
8.4
×
10-‐7
11)
What
is
the
solubility
of
a
salt,
AB
(Ksp
=
7.2×10-‐12)
in
the
presence
of
0.10
M
B-‐?
(5
points)
a)
7.2
×
10-‐12
b)
7.2
×
10-‐11
c)
5.7
×
10-‐13
d)
2.7
×
10-‐6
12)
The
mass
of
37.1%
(m/m)
HCl(aq)
(d
=
1.19
g/mL,
MWHCl
=
36.46)
required
to
make
2.00
L
of
1.00
M
HCl
is
(5
points)
a)
83.9
g
b)
128
g
c)
72.9
g
d)
197
g
13)
A
100.0
mL
sample
was
diluted
to
2.00
L.
A
subsequent
analysis
revealed
that
the
concentration
of
analyte
revealed
in
the
diluted
sample
was
1.00
×
10-‐3
M.
What
is
the
concentration
of
this
analyte
in
the
original
undiluted
sample?
(5
points)
a)
1.00
×
10-‐3
M
b)
2.00
×
10-‐2
M
c)
5.00
×
10-‐5
M
d)
2.00
×
10-‐1
M
14)
The
Ka
of
a
weak
acid
(HA)
is
7.2×10-‐6.
What
is
Kb
for
the
following
reaction?
(5
points)
A-‐
+
H2O
=
HA
+
OH-‐
a)
1.4
×
10-‐9
b)
7.2
×
108
M
c)
7.2
×
10-‐8
M
d)
6.8
×
10-‐1
M
15)
The
Rope-‐A-‐Dope
fishing
line
company
guarantees
that
their
“Jaws-‐Max”
nylon
line
will
haul
in
at
least
an
80
lbs
gilled
monster.
Their
chief
statistician,
Myron
Knumbers
has
200
samples
of
the
Jaws-‐Max
line
tested
and
finds
that
the
mean
weight
for
line
5
breakage
is
120
lbs
with
a
standard
deviation
of
60
lbs.
What
are
the
chances
that
the
hooked
80
pounder
will
get
away
if
you
were
using
Jaws-‐Max
and
end
up
being
another
fishing
story?
(10
points)
Problem
Set
2
Answers
1]
d
2]
11.04+/-‐0.05
3]
b
4]
a
5]
Q=(5.82-‐5.22)/(5.82-‐4.77)
=
0.57
df
=5
Qtable
=
0.56
<
0.57
the
number
can
be
rejected.
6]
see
book
and
lecture
notes
7]
0.559
=
kCx(10.0/500.0)
+
k
5.00e-‐3*(10.00/500.0)
-‐0.366
=
-‐
kCx(10.0/500.0)
0.193
=
k
5.00e-‐3*(10.00/500.0)
k
=
1930
use
0.559
=
kCx(10.0/500.0)
0.559
=
1930Cx(10.0/500.0)
Cx
=
9.48e-‐3
M
8]
0.245
+/-‐
(2.571*0.011/61/2)
=
0.245
+/-‐
0.0115
ppm*
*b
was
the
best
answer.
9]
HA
=
H+
+
A-‐
0.100-‐x
+x
+x
x2/0.100-‐x
=
2.7e-‐6
x
=
5.2e-‐4
M
pH
=
3.28
10]
MA2
=
M2+
+
2A-‐
-‐-‐
+x
+2x
(2x)2x
=
8.9e-‐17
x
=
2.8e-‐6
M
11]
AB
=
A+
+
B-‐
-‐-‐
x
0.10+x
x(0.10+x)
≈
0.10x
=
7.2e-‐12
x
=
7.2e-‐11
M
12]
2.00L*1.00
mol/L*36.46g/mol*1/0.371
=
197
g
13]
1.00e-‐3
M
*
2.00/0.1000
=
2.00e-‐2
M
14]
KaKb
=
Kw
Kb
=
1.00e-‐14/7.2e-‐6
=
1.4e-‐9
15]
z
=
[x
–
x-‐bar]/s
=
[80
–
120]/60
=
0.667
z
≈
0.7
area
=
0.258
Area
from
0
to
80
is
0.500
–
0.258
=
0.242
≈24%
6
Problem
Set
3
1) The
background
of
a
method
based
on
Beer’s
law
is
best
described
as
a)
concentration
b)
absorbance
c)
molar
absorptivity
d)
noise
2) Express
the
answer
for
the
following
calculation
the
proper
number
of
significant
figures:
(5
points)
(2.75cm
±0.03
cm
×
4.28cm
±0.05
cm)
=
_________________________
All
answers
are
in
units
of
cm2
a)
11.77
±
1.6
b)
11.770
±
c)
11.77
±
0.20
d)
11.8
±
0.2
e)
12
±
0.2
1.60
3) The
concentration
of
H+
in
a
pH
8.55
solution
is
(5
points)
a)
2.82e-‐9
M
b)
2.818e-‐9
M
c)
3.5e8
M
d)
3.55e8
M
e)
2.8e-‐9
M
4) Linear
Range
is
an
expression
of
(5
points)
a)
signal
to
b)
analyte
c)
analyte
d)
accuracy
and
e)
precision
of
noise
ratio
concentration
detection
limits
precision
of
repeated
range
over
of
method
method
or
experiment
which
the
c
∝
technique
results
signal
5) What
is
the
pH
of
a
2.11
M
solution
of
HNO3(aq)?
a)
-‐0.324
b)
0.324
c)
-‐0.32
d)
7.76e-‐4
e)
0.32
6)
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
reason
for
using
the
method
standard
addition
over
the
calibration
curve?
a)
Limited
b)
To
c)
To
d)
To
increase
e)
To
decrease
dynamic
range
compensate
for
accommodate
the
detection
the
detection
of
technique
nonlinear
the
effects
of
a
limit
of
the
limit
of
the
effects
complex
matrix
method
method
7
7)
What
is
the
95%
confidence
interval
for
5
measurements
whose
average
is
3.44
and
with
a
standard
deviation
of
0.04?
a)
±
0.04
b)
±
0.4
c)
±
0.05
d)
±
0.1
e)
±
0.06
8)
What
is
the
relative
population
that
lies
above
the
value
of
55.1
for
a
Gaussian
distribution
whose
mean
is
33.8
and
with
a
standard
deviation
of
11.8?
a)
0.50%
b)
3.6%
c)
1.8%
d)
46%
e)
0.
18%
9)
Which
of
the
following
values
may
be
discarded
with
90%
confidence?
9.11
8.89
9.01
9.77
9.05
a)
9.77
b)
9.11
c)
8.89
d)
none
of
the
above
10)
What
is
the
volume
of
0.233
M
HCl(aq)
required
to
make
a
solution
of
500.0-‐mL
of
0.0840
M
HCl(aq)?
a)
90.0-‐mL
b)
622-‐mL
c)
33.4-‐mL
d)
180-‐mL
e)
233-‐mL
11)
The
concentrated
HCl(aq)
is
37.1%
(m/m)
HCl(aq)
(d
=
1.19
g/mL,
MWHCl
=
36.46).
What
is
the
molarity
of
this
solution?
a)
6.22
M
b)
8.44
M
c)
12.1
M
d)
3.77
M
e)
6.71
M
12)
The
molality
of
a
solution
of
HX
is
1.56.
What
is
the
molarity
of
that
solution
of
the
density
is
measured
as
1.33
g/mL
and
the
MW
of
the
solute
is
88.2
g/mol?
a)
0.924
M
b)
1.24
M
c)
2.81
M
d)
1.82
M
e)
0.155
M
13)
A
sample
solution
of
an
analyte
has
an
absorbance
of
0.229.
A
solution
of
standard
has
an
absorbance
of
0.327
when
that
analyte
has
a
concentration
of
3.44e-‐3M.
Assuming
that
Beer’s
law
applies
to
both
solutions
what
is
the
concentration
of
analyte
in
the
sample?
Also
assume
that
the
absorbance
of
the
blank
solution
is
zero.
a)
3.77e-‐3
M
b)
1.81e-‐3
M
c)
8.19e-‐4
M
d)
4.66e-‐3M
e)
2.41e-‐3
M
8
14)
Two
methods
of
analyses
were
compared.
Method
A
had
a
mean
of
23.2
with
a
standard
deviation
of
4.4.
Method
B
had
a
mean
of
24.1
with
a
standard
deviation
of
4.8.
Both
sets
of
measurements
were
done
6
times.
What
is
the
F
ratio
and
are
the
standard
deviations
significantly
different
from
each
other
at
the
95%
confidence
level?
a)
1.19,
no
b)
1.19,
yes
c)
0.840,
no
d)
0.840,
yes
e)
1.09,
no
15)
Standard
deviation
can
be
best
described
as
a
measure
of
a)
detection
b)
accuracy
c)
sensitivity
d)
linearity
e)
precision
limit
16)
The
method
of
least
squares
fits
a
line
(L)
to
a
set
of
x,y
data
by
a)
maximizing
b)
minimizing
c)
minimizing
d)
maximizing
e)
minimizing
2 2 2
Σ
(xi
-‐
xL)
Σ
(xi
-‐
xL)
Σ
(yi
-‐
yL)
Σ
(yi
-‐
yL)
Σ
(yi
-‐
yL)
17)
When
does
Beer’s
law
typically
fail?
a)
when
c
<
1
M
b)
when
A
>
1
c)
when
e
>
1e4
d)
when
b
=
1
e)
when
eb
<
0
cm
18)
Sensitivity
in
a
Beer’s
law
analysis
can
be
best
described
as
a)
The
value
of
b)
The
product
c)
The
d)
The
e)
The
A
when
c
=
0
of
e×b
minimum
c
concentration
precision
detectable
by
range
in
which
achieved
when
the
method
A
∝
c
the
method
is
repeated
several
times
19)
(10
points)
A
sample
solution
was
analyzed
by
the
standard
addition
method
using
its
absorbance
characteristic
at
455
nm.
a)
In
the
first
experiment
a
10.00-‐mL
of
aqueous
sample
was
diluted
to
500.0-‐mL
with
water.
Its
measured
absorbance
is
0.378.
b)In
the
second
experiment
10.00-‐mL
was
mixed
with
1.00-‐µL
of
3.22e-‐5M
and
diluted
to
500.0-‐mL
with
water.
The
measured
absorbance
of
this
solution
is
0.402.
What
is
the
concentration
of
the
analyte
in
the
sample?
9
Answers
to
Problem
Set
3
Answers
1)
d
2)
d
(2.75
cm
±0.03
cm
×
4.28cm
±0.05
cm)
=
(2.75
cm
±1.1%
×
4.28
cm
±
1.2%)
=
11.77
±
(1.1%2
+
1,2%2)1/2
=
11.8
cm2
±
1.6%
=
11.8
cm2
±
0.2
cm2
3)
e
4)
b
5)
a
6)
c
7)
c
±
2.776
(0.04)/(5)1/2
8)
b
z
=
(33.8-‐55.1)/11.8
≅
1.80
use
table
4-‐1
area
=
0.4641
above
=
0.5000
–
0.04641
≅
3.6%
9)
a
Q
=
9.77-‐9.11/9.77-‐8.89
=
0.75
Qtable
=
0.64
for
n
=
5
so
9.77
can
be
discarded
10)
d
11)
c
12)
d
1.56
mol
*
88.2
g
HX
=
137.5
g
1.56
mol
HX/1137.5g
soln
*
1.33
g/mL
*
1000
mL/L
=
1.824
mol/L
10
Problem
Set
4
1]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.100
M
Na2HA
solution
given
the
following:
H3A
=
H2A-‐
+
H+
Ka
=
2.8e-‐2
-‐ 2-‐ +
H2A
=
HA
+
H
Ka
=
7.7e-‐5
2-‐ 3-‐ +
HA
=
A
+
H
Ka
=
9.3e-‐11
2]
What
is
the
MBE
for
1.00e-‐3
M
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
for
the
following
reaction
sequence?
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
à
Ag(NH3)2+
+
Cl-‐
Ag(NH3)2+
=
Ag(NH3)+
+
NH3
Ag(NH3)+
=
Ag+
+
NH3
3]
What
is
the
CBE
for
the
follow
reaction
sequence?
H2S
=
H+
+
HS-‐
HS-‐
=
H+
+
S2-‐
H2O
=
H+
+
OH-‐
4]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
containing
0.25
M
sodium
acetate,
and
0.25
M
CH3COOH?
Ka
=
1.75e-‐5
5]
Which
of
the
following
monoprotic
acids
would
be
best
for
creating
a
buffer
system
at
pH
7.00?
acid
A
Ka
=
5.6e-‐4
acid
B
Ka
=
7.7e-‐6
acid
C
Ka
=
1.9e-‐8
acid
D
Ka
=
7.3e-‐11
6]
What
is
pAg
when
of
50.00
mL
of
0.100
M
AgNO3
is
mixed
with
50.00
mL
of
0.100
M
NaCl?
AgCl
Ksp
=
1.8e-‐10
7]
The
weak
acid,
HA
has
Ka
=
1.0e-‐5.
What
is
the
fraction,
αA-‐
at
pH
7.00?
8]
What
is
the
MBE
for
the
following
sequence
of
reactions?
MgF2
=
Mg2+
+
2F-‐
Ksp
F-‐
+
H2O
=
HF
+
OH-‐
Kb
2+ + +
Mg
+
H2O
=
Mg(OH)
+
H
β
9]
What
is
K
for
this
reaction?
H2SO3
=
SO32-‐
+
2H+
K
=
?
-‐ +
H2SO3
=
HSO3
+
H
K
=
1.23e-‐2
-‐ 2-‐
+
HSO3
=
SO3 +
H
K
=
6.6e-‐8
11
10]
What
is
the
difference
between
the
end
point
and
the
equivalence
point?
11]
What
is
the
solubility
of
SrF2
(Ksp
=
2.8e-‐9)
at
pH
4.00?
HF
Ka
=
6.76e-‐4.
For
partial
credit
clearly
express
what
you
are
doing,
e.g.
substitutions
label
equations
as
#1,
#2….
(20
points)
12]
A
mixture
of
AgCl
(MW
143.35,
Ksp=1.8e-‐10)
and
AgBr
(MW
187.9,
Ksp=5.0e-‐13)
weighs
2.000
g.
This
mixture
is
reduced
to
silver
metal
(AW
107.9),
which
weighs
1.300
g.
Calculate
the
mass
of
AgCl
in
the
original
sample.
(20
points)
13]
What
is
the
concentration
Cl-‐
required
to
remove
99%
of
Ag+
in
a
solution
of
0.100
F
AgNO3?
(10
points)
Answers
to
Problem
Set
4
1]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.100
M
Na2HA
solution
given
the
following:
H3A
=
H2A-‐
+
H+
Ka
=
2.8e-‐2
-‐ 2-‐ +
H2A
=
HA
+
H
Ka
=
7.7e-‐5
2-‐ 3-‐ +
HA
=
A
+
H
Ka
=
9.3e-‐11
pH
=
½(-‐log7.7e-‐5
+
-‐log9.3e-‐11)
=
7.07
2]
What
is
the
MBE
for
1.00e-‐3
M
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
for
the
following
reaction
sequence?
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
à
Ag(NH3)2+
+
Cl-‐
Ag(NH3)2+
=
Ag(NH3)+
+
NH3
Ag(NH3)+
=
Ag+
+
NH3
1.00e-‐3
M
=
[Ag(NH3)2+]
+
[Ag(NH3)+]
+
[Ag+]
3]
What
is
the
CBE
for
the
follow
reaction
sequence?
H2S
=
H+
+
HS-‐
HS-‐
=
H+
+
S2-‐
H2O
=
H+
+
OH-‐
[H+]
=
[OH-‐]
+
[HS-‐]
+
2[S2-‐]
4]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
containing
0.25
M
sodium
acetate,
and
0.25
M
CH3COOH?
Ka
=
1.75e-‐5
pH
=
pKa
+
log
[base]/[acid]
=
4.757
12
5]
Which
of
the
following
monoprotic
acids
would
be
best
for
creating
a
buffer
system
at
pH
7.00?
acid
A
Ka
=
5.6e-‐4
acid
B
Ka
=
7.7e-‐6
acid
C
Ka
=
1.9e-‐8
acid
D
Ka
=
7.3e-‐11
acid
C
6]
What
is
pAg
when
of
50.00
mL
of
0.100
M
AgNO3
is
mixed
with
50.00
mL
of
0.100
M
NaCl?
AgCl
Ksp
=
1.8e-‐10
4.87
7]
The
weak
acid,
HA
has
Ka
=
1.0e-‐5.
What
is
the
fraction,
αA-‐
at
pH
7.00?
0.99
8]
What
is
the
MBE
for
the
following
sequence
of
reactions?
MgF2
=
Mg2+
+
2F-‐
Ksp
F-‐
+
H2O
=
HF
+
OH-‐
Kb
2+ + +
Mg
+
H2O
=
Mg(OH)
+
H
β
2[Mg ]
+
2[Mg(OH)+]
=
[F-‐]
+
[HF]
2+
9]
What
is
K
for
this
reaction?
H2SO3
=
SO32-‐
+
2H+
K
=
?
-‐ +
H2SO3
=
HSO3
+
H
K
=
1.23e-‐2
HSO3-‐
=
SO32-‐
+
H+
K
=
6.6e-‐8
8.1e-‐10
10]
What
is
the
difference
between
the
end
point
and
the
equivalence
point?
Equivalence
point
is
where
the
titrant
added
stoichiometrically
consumes
all
of
the
analyte.
The
end
point
is
where
some
physical
property
indicates
that
the
equivalence
point
is
reached.
The
two
volumes
are
quite
often
different
from
each
other.
11]
What
is
the
solubility
of
SrF2
(Ksp
=
2.8e-‐9)
at
pH
4.00?
HF
Ka
=
6.76e-‐4.
For
partial
credit
clearly
express
what
you
are
doing,
e.g.
substitutions
label
equations
as
#1,
#2….
(20
points)
13
SrF2(s)
=
Sr2+
+
2F-‐
Ksp
2
pts
-‐ -‐
F
+
H2O
=
HF
+
OH
Kb
=
Kw/Ka
2
pts
MBE:
2[Sr2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
[HF]
4
pts
pH
=
4.00
è
[OH-‐]
=
1.0e-‐10
M
2
pts
Kb
=
[HF][OH-‐]/[F-‐]
è
[HF]
=
0.1479
[F-‐]
next
few
steps
8
pts
2[Sr2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
[HF]
=
1.1479
[F-‐]
#1
Ksp
=
[Sr2+][F-‐]2
è
[F-‐]
=
(Ksp/[Sr2+])1/2
#2
Sub
2
into
1
2[Sr2+]
=
1.1479(Ksp/[Sr2+])1/2
[Sr2+]3
=
9.52e-‐10
[Sr2+]
=
s
=
9.8e-‐4
M
2
pts
12]
A
mixture
of
AgCl
(MW
143.35,
Ksp=1.8e-‐10)
and
AgBr
(MW
187.9,
Ksp=5.0e-‐13)
weighs
2.000
g.
This
mixture
is
reduced
to
silver
metal
(AW
107.9),
which
weighs
1.300
g.
Calculate
the
mass
of
AgCl
in
the
original
sample.
(20
points)
x
g
AgCl
+
y
g
AgBr
=
2.000
g
4
pts
x
g
AgCl*(mol
AgCl/143.35
g)*(mol
Ag/mol
AgCl)*(107.9
g/mol)
=
0.7527x
g
Ag
4
pts
y
g
AgCl*(mol
AgBr/187.9
g)*(mol
Ag/mol
AgBr)*(107.9
g/mol)
=
0.5742y
g
Ag
4
pts
0.7527x
g
Ag
+
0.5742y
g
Ag
=
1.300
g
4
pts
y
=
2.000
–
x
sub
into
above
0.7527x
+
0.5742(2.000
–
x)
=
1.300
g
mass
Ag
=
0.849
g
4pts
13]
What
is
the
concentration
Cl-‐
required
to
remove
99%
of
Ag+
in
a
solution
of
0.100
F
AgNO3?
(10
points)
[Ag+]
=
(1-‐0.99)
0.100
F
=
1.00e-‐3
M
Ksp
=
[Ag+][Cl-‐]
=
1.8e-‐10
=
1.00e-‐3
M*[Cl-‐]
è
[Cl-‐]
=
1.80e-‐7
M
14
Problem
Set
5
1]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
a
1.0
M
phthalic
acid
solution?
(5
points)
COOH
Ka1
=
1.12e-‐3
Ka2
=
3.90e-‐6
COOH
a)
5.92e-‐4
b)
8.36
c)
7.22
d)
4.18
e)
1.48
2]
A
0.5000g
sample
contained
only
NaBr
(MW
102.89)
and
NaCl
(MW
58.44).
It
was
dissolved
into
water
and
precipitated
with
excess
AgNO3.
The
precipitate
(AgBr(s)
(MW
187.80)
&
AgCl(s)
(MW
143.35))
was
dried.
The
mass
of
this
precipitate
weighed
1.500
g.
What
are
the
two
equations
necessary
to
solve
for
the
masses
of
each
equation?
Let
x
=
grams
of
NaBr
and
y
=
grams
of
NaCl
a)
x
+
y
=
1.500
&
(x/102.89)
+
(y/58.44)
=
0.5000
b)
x
+
y
=
1.500
&
{x(187.80/102.89)}
+
{y(143.35/58.44}
=
1.500
c)
x
+
y
=
0.500
&
{x(187.80/102.89)}
+
{y(143.35/58.44}
=
1.500
d)
x
+
y
=
1.500
&
{x(187.80/102.89)}
+
{y(143.35/58.44}
=
0.500
e)
x
+
y
=
0.500
&
{x(102.89/187.80)}
+
{y(58.44/143.35}
=
1.500
3]
What
is
the
mole
fraction
of
HA-‐
at
pH
3.00
given
H2A
=
H+
+
HA-‐
Ka1
=
1.0e-‐3
HA-‐
=
H+
+
A2-‐
Ka2
=
1.0e-‐9
a)
0.25
b)
0.50
c)
0.88
d)
0.15
e)
0.010
4]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
solution
of
0.10
M
NaHCO3?
H2CO3
=
HCO3-‐
+
H+
Ka1
=
4.45e-‐7
HCO3-‐
=
CO32-‐
+
H+
Ka2
=
4.69e-‐11
a)
8.34
b)
6.22
c)
7.84
d)
9.71
e)
4.66
5]
What
is
or
are
the
simplifying
assumption(s)
that
allow
for
the
use
of
the
Henderson-‐
Hasselbalch
equation?
pH
=
pKa
+
log([A-‐]/[HA])
15
a)
pKa
>
pH
b)
pKa
=
±
1
pH
&
[A-‐]
=
[HA]
c)
formal
concentrations
of
A
&
HA
are
the
c)
formal
concentrations
of
A-‐
&
HA
are
not
-‐
16
to
the
sample
in
small
increments
12]
Write
down
the
hydrolysis
reaction
for
HCO3-‐
demonstrating
that
it
is
a
weak
base.
___________________________________________________________
13]
The
Kb
for
dichloroacetate,
Cl2CHCOO-‐
is
Cl2CHCOOH
Ka
=
5.0e-‐2
a)
1.0e-‐14
b)
2.0e-‐12
c)
4.0e-‐8
d)
2.0e-‐13
e)
5.0e-‐9
14]
A
50.00
mL
solution
of
0.100
M
NaI(aq)
is
titrated
with
0.100
M
AgNO3(aq).
If
75.00
mL
of
the
AgNO3
solution
is
added,
which
of
the
statements
below
is
true?
a)
This
is
the
b)
The
solution
c)
There
is
a
d)
There
is
no
e)
There
is
a
equivalence
is
pink
in
color.
solid
solid
solid
point.
precipitate
and
precipitate
but
precipitate
and
an
excess
of
there
is
excess
an
excess
of
I-‐.
Ag+.
of
Ag+
relative
to
I-‐.
Problems
15-‐18
are
based
on
the
following:
A
50.0-‐mL
sample
of
0.100
M
KSCN
is
titrated
with
0.0500
M
CuNO3.
The
Ksp
of
CuSCN
is
4.8e-‐15.
15]
Write
down
the
reaction
that
takes
place
during
this
titration.
_______________________________________________________________
16]
What
is
pCu
when
25.0-‐mL
of
the
0.100
M
CuNO3
is
added
to
the
50.0-‐mL
sample
of
0.100
M
KSCN
solution?
The
Ksp
of
CuSCN
is
4.8e-‐15.
a)
1.33
b)
12.84
c)
10.68
d)
5.87
e)
7.00
17]
What
is
pCu
when
50.0-‐mL
of
the
0.100
M
CuNO3
is
added
to
the
50.0-‐mL
sample
of
0.100
M
KSCN
solution?
17
a)
7.93
b)
6.44
c)
9.13
d)
7.16
e)
8.52
18]
What
is
pCu
when
75.0-‐mL
of
the
0.100
M
CuNO3
is
added
to
the
50.0-‐mL
sample
of
0.100
M
KSCN
solution?
a)
3.22
b)
4.44
c)
7.18
d)
12.70
e)
1.70
19]
Which
diagram
best
describes
the
curve
for
the
titration
of
50.0-‐mL
of
0.100
M
KSCN
with
0.0500
M
CuNO3?
Vol KSCN Vol KSCN
[Cu+] pCu
Vol CuNO3 [Cu+]
Vol KSCN Vol CuNO3
Answers
to
Problem
Set
5
1]
e)
1.48
only
Ka1
is
important.
x2/(1.0-‐x)
=
1.12e-‐3;
x
=
0.0335
2]
c)
x
+
y
=
0.500
&
{x(187.80/102.89)}
+
{y(143.35/58.44}
=
1.500
3]
b)
0.50,
D
=
[1.0e-‐3]2
+
[1.0e-‐3]2
+
[1.0e-‐3*1.0e-‐9]
=
2.0e-‐6,
N
=
[1.0e-‐3]2
=
1.0e-‐6,
α
=
0.50
4]
a)
8.34
=
½
(pKa1
+
pKa2)
5]
c)
formal
concentrations
of
A-‐
&
HA
are
the
same
as
equilibrium
concentrations
6]
[H+]
=
2[A2-‐]
+
[HA-‐]
7]
0.10
M
=
[CH3COOH]
+
[CH3COO-‐],
also
[H+]
=
[CH3COO-‐]
8]
c)
4.757
pH
=
pKa
watch
S.F.
9]
b)
Potassium
Hydrogen
Phthalate
10]
solvation
of
CO2
from
the
atmosphere
producing
H2CO3
11]
a)
it
is
the
reagent
solution
whose
concentration
is
known
and
is
added
to
the
sample
in
small
increments
12]
HCO3-‐
+
H2O
à
H2CO3
+
OH-‐
13]
Kb
=
Kw/Ka
=
2.0e-‐13
14]
There
is
a
solid
precipitate
and
an
excess
of
Ag+.
Pink
is
OK
(Fajan’s
method)
15]
Cu+
+
SCN-‐
=
CuSCN(aq)
16]
Mol
SCN-‐
=
0.0500L*0.100
mol/L
=
5.00e-‐3
Mol
Cu+
=
0.02500-‐L*0.100
mol/L
=
2.50e-‐3
18
Excess
mol
SCN-‐
=
5.00e-‐3
-‐
2.50e-‐3
=
2.50e-‐3
[SCN-‐]
=
2.50e-‐3
mol/0.0750
L
=
3.33e-‐2
M
CuSCN(s)
=
Cu+
+
SCN-‐
-‐-‐
x
3.33e-‐2
+
x
(3.33e-‐2
+
x)x
≈
(3.33e-‐2
)x
=
4.8e-‐15
x
=
1.44e-‐13
M
pCu
=
12.84
17]
Mol
SCN-‐
=
0.0500L*0.100
mol/L
=
5.00e-‐3
Mol
Cu+
=
0.0500-‐L*0.100
mol/L
=
5.00e-‐3
CuSCN(s)
=
Cu+
+
SCN-‐
-‐-‐
x
x
x2
=
4.8e-‐15
x
=
6.9e-‐8
pCu
=
7.16
18]
Mol
SCN-‐
=
0.0500L*0.100
mol/L
=
5.00e-‐3
Mol
Cu+
=
0.0750-‐L*0.100
mol/L
=
7.50e-‐3
Excess
mol
Cu+
=
7.50e-‐3
-‐
5.00e-‐3
=
2.5e-‐3
[Cu+]
=
2.50e-‐3
mol/0.125
L
=
0.0200
M
pCu
=
1.70
19]
Which
diagram
best
describes
the
curve
for
the
titration
of
50.0-‐mL
of
0.100
M
KSCN
with
0.0500
M
CuNO3?
pCu
Vol CuNO3
19
Problem
Set
6
1]
The
pH
of
solution
of
0.050
M
of
a
weak
acid,
HA
is
5.69.
What
is
Ka
for
this
acid?
2]
What
is
the
aqueous
solubility
of
AgCl
at
pH
4.00
(Ksp
=
1.8e-‐11)?
3]
The
two
Ka’s
for
salicylic
acid
(H2A)
are
1.07e-‐3
and
1.82e-‐14.
What
is
Kb
for
sodium
salicylate
(NaHA)?
4]
What
is
the
charge
balance
for
a
solution
of
0.10
M
NaHCO3?
Ka1
H2CO3
=
6.352
Ka2
HCO3-‐
=
10.329
HCO3-‐
⇄
H+
+
CO32-‐
HCO3-‐
+
H2O
⇄
H2CO3
+
OH-‐
5]
Which
of
the
following
is
a
valid
mass
balance
for
a
solution
for
0.10
M
NaHCO3?
6]
Which
of
the
following
would
best
explain
the
solubility
of
Ag2SO4?
7]
A
0.9961
g
silver
ore
sample
was
treated
with
HNO3
and
then
with
excess
NaCl(aq).
A
precipitate
was
dried
and
weighed
0.0711
g.
What
is
percent
silver
in
the
ore?
AW:
Ag
107.9,
H
1.008,
O
16.00,
N
14.01,
Cl
35.45
8]
Which
of
the
following
is
not
a
primary
standard?
a)
Potassium
Hydrogen
Phthalate
(KHP)
b)
Benzoic
Acid
c)
Potassium
Hydrogen
Iodate
d)
NaOH
e)
NaHCO3
Problems
9-‐11:
A
solution
of
0.100
M
AgNO3
is
used
to
titrate
a
100.00
mL
solution
of
0.100
M
KCl.
The
Ksp
of
AgCl
is
1.8e-‐11
9]
What
is
pAg
if
50.00
mL
of
the
titrant
is
added
to
the
KCl
solution?
10]
What
is
pAg
if
100.00
mL
of
the
titrant
is
added?
20
12]
What
is
pH
of
solution
containing
0.100
M
HOCl
(Ka
=
3.0e-‐8)
and
0.100
M
NaOCl.
13]
The
useful
pH
range
of
most
buffering
systems
is
a)
within
1
pH
unit
of
pKa
b)
within
0.5
pH
unit
of
pKa
c)
within
10
pH
units
of
pKa
d)
within
5
pH
units
of
pKa
e)
within
0.1
pH
unit
of
pKa
14]
What
is
the
pH
of
solution
that
is
0.10
M
NaH2PO3?
H3PO3
⇄
H2PO3-‐
+
H+
Ka
=
3e-‐2
H2PO3-‐
⇄
HPO32-‐
+
H+
Ka
=
1.62e-‐7
15]
The
fraction
(relative
concentration)
of
H2PO3-‐
from
a
0.10
F
H3PO3
at
pH
5.00
can
be
calculated
from
which
formula?
[ H + ]2
a)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1 [ H + ] + K a1 K a 2
K a1 [ H + ]
b)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1 [ H + ] + K a1 K a 2
K a1 K a 2
c)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1[ H + ] + K a1 K a 2
[ H + ]2
d)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1 [ H + ] 2 + K a1 K a 2
K a1 [ H + ]2
e)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1 [ H + ] + K a1 K a 2
16]
Which
of
the
follow
is
an
amphoteric
species?
a) H2CO3
b) HF
21
c) F-‐
d) HCO3-‐
e) CO32-‐
17]
What
is
the
mass
balance
equation
for
the
following
sequence
of
reactions?
CaC2O4(s)
⇄
Ca2+
+
C2O42-‐
Ksp
=
1.3e-‐8
2-‐ -‐ -‐
C2O4
+
H2O
⇄
HC2O4
+
OH
Kb1
HC2O4-‐
+
H2O
⇄
H2C2O4
+
OH-‐
Kb2
18]
What
is
the
charge
balance
equation
for
the
reaction
sequence
of
problem
17?
19]
What
is
the
molar
solubility
of
BaF2
(Ksp
=
1.7e-‐6)
at
pH
7.20?
Ka
(HF)
=
6.8e-‐4
Answers
to
Problem
Set
6
1]
[H+]
=
2.0e-‐6
M
HA
=
H+
+
A-‐
0.050-‐x
x
x
Ka
=
x2
/
(0.050-‐x)
≅
2.0e-‐62
/
0.050
=
8.3e-‐11
Answer
d)
2]
AgCl
⇄
Ag+
+
Cl-‐
-‐-‐
x
x
Ksp
=
x2
=
1.8e-‐11
x
=
4.2e-‐6
Answer
a)
3]
HA-‐
+
H2O
⇄
H2A
+
OH-‐
KaKb
=
Kw
Kb
=
Kw/Ka
=
1.00e-‐14
/
1.07e-‐3
=
9.35e-‐12
Answer
c)
4]
Answer
b:
[Na+]
+
[H+]
=
[HCO3-‐]
+
2[CO32-‐]
+
[OH-‐]
5]
Answer
e:
0.10
M
=
[H2CO3]
+
[HCO3-‐]
+
[CO32-‐]
6]
Answer
d:
[Ag+]/2
7]
0.0711
g
AgCl
(mol
AgCl
/
143.32
g)
(mol
Ag
/
mol
AgCl)
(107.868
g
/
mol
Ag)
(100
/
0.9961g)
=
5.37
%
8]
Answer
d):
NaOH
9]
Titration
Rxn:
Ag+
+
Cl-‐
⇄
AgCl(s)
22
Moles
of
excess
Cl-‐
=
0.10000
L
*
0.100
M
KCl
–
0.05000
L
*
0.100
M
AgNO3
=
5.00e-‐3
mol
Cl-‐
[Cl-‐]
=
5.00e-‐3
mol
Cl-‐
/
0.1500
L
=
3.33e-‐2
AgCl(s)
⇄
Ag+
+
Cl-‐
-‐-‐
x
x+3.33e-‐2
x(3.33e-‐2)
≅
1.8e-‐11
x
=
5.4e-‐10
M
pAg
=
9.27
answer
a)
10]
This
is
the
equivalence
point.
AgCl(s)
⇄
Ag+
+
Cl-‐
-‐-‐
x
x
x2
=
1.8e-‐11
x
=
4.24e-‐6
pAg
=
5.37
answer
b)
11]
We
are
past
the
equivalence
point.
(150.00
–
100.00)
mL
*
0.100
M
Ag+
(250.00
mL)
=
0.0200
M
Ag+
or
pAg
=
1.699
answer
d)
12]
Ka
=
[H+][OCl-‐]
/
[HOCl]
[H+]
=
Ka
[HOCl]
/
[OCl-‐]
[H+]
=
3.0e-‐8
pH
=
7.52
Answer
a)
13]
Answer
a)
14]
pH
=
½
(pKa1
+
pKa2)
=
½
(1.5
+
6.790)
=
4.1
answer
e)
K a1 [ H + ]
15]
answer:
b
b)
+ 2
[ H ] + K a1 [ H + ] + K a1 K a 2
16]
HCO3-‐
Answer
d
17]
Answer
b
18]
2[Ca2+]
=
2[C2O42-‐]
+
[HC2O4-‐]
+
[OH-‐]
Answer
e
23
19]
MBE:
2[Ba2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
[HF]
&
[H+]
=
6.31e-‐8
M;
[OH-‐]
=
1.58e-‐7
Ksp
=
[Ba2+][F-‐]2
=
1.7e-‐6
Ka
(HF)
=
[H+][F-‐]/[HF]
=
6.8e-‐4
3
variables:
[Ba2+],
[F-‐],
[HF]
F-‐
+
H2O
⇄
HF
+
OH-‐
Kb
=
Kw/Ka
=
1.00e-‐14/6.8e-‐4
=
1.47e-‐11
Using
Kb
solve
for
[HF]
[HF]
=
Kb[F-‐]/[OH-‐]
will
sub
into
MBE
2[Ba2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
[HF]
2[Ba2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
Kb[F-‐]/[OH-‐]
Sub
all
knowns
into
above
2
[Ba2+]
=
[F-‐]
+
1.47e-‐11*[F-‐]/1.58e-‐7
2
[Ba2+]
≅
[F-‐]
sub
into
Ksp
Ksp
=
[Ba2+][F-‐]2
=
[Ba2+](2[Ba2+])2
[Ba2+]
=
(Ksp/4)1/3
=
7.5e-‐3M
24
Problem
Set
7
(starts
with
question
3)
2]
What
is
the
pH
after
100.00
mL
of
0.100
M
HClO4
is
added
to
50.0
mL
of
0.100
M
NaCN?
3]
The
selection
of
a
visual
acid-‐base
indicator
should
be
based
on
__________________________.
a) its
transition
pH
which
should
not
overlap
the
steepest
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
b) its
transition
pH
which
should
overlap
the
excess
H+
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
c) its
transition
pH
which
should
overlap
the
buffer
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
d) its
transition
pH
which
should
overlap
the
flattest
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
e) its
transition
pH
which
should
overlap
the
steepest
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
4]
The
conditional
formation
constant
Kf’
for
CaY2-‐
is
related
to
Kf
through
which
of
the
relationships?
a)
Kf’
=
Kf
at
pH
=0
b)
Kf’
=
αy4-‐Kf
c)
Kf
=
αy4-‐Kf’
d)
Kf’
=
1
/
Kf
e)
Kf’
=
Kf2
5]
In
reference
to
EDTA
titrations
the
symbol,
αy4-‐,
indicates
which
of
the
following?
a) The
fraction
of
metal
chelated
by
EDTA
b) The
concentration
of
EDTA
in
the
Y4-‐
form.
c) The
fraction
of
EDTA
in
the
Y4-‐
form.
d) The
analytical
concentration
of
metal.
e)
The
fraction
of
EDTA
not
in
the
Y4-‐
form.
6]
A
spontaneous
electrochemical
cell
would
have
which
of
the
following?
a) Ecell
=
0
b) Ecell
>
0
c) Ecell
<
0
d) Ecell
≤
0
e) Ecell
≥
0
7]
If
A
+
e-‐
=
B
has
E0
=
0.775
V
then
the
E0
for
2A
+
2e-‐
=
2B
is
__________________.
25
8]
The
standard
cell
potential
for
the
following
is
Fe(s)/Fe2+(aq)//Sn2+(aq)/Sn(s)
Fe2+
+
2e-‐
=
Fe(s)
E0
=
-‐0.44
V
Sn2+
+
2e-‐
=
Sn(s)
E0
=
-‐0.141
V
9]
The
E0
for
the
following
is
FeCO3(s)
+
2e-‐
=
Fe(s)
+
CO32-‐
E0
=
?
Fe2+
+
2e-‐
=
Fe(s)
E0
=
-‐0.44
V
Ksp
{FeCO3(s)}
=
2.1e-‐11
10]
It
is
advantageous
to
conduct
EDTA
titrations
of
metal
ions
in
a) acidic
pH’s
to
assist
metal
ion
hydrolysis
b) basic
pH’s
to
prevent
metal
ion
hydrolysis
c) basic
pH’s
to
maximize
Y4-‐
fraction
d) basic
pH’s
to
minimize
Y4-‐
fraction
e) acidic
pH’s
to
maximize
Y4-‐
fraction
11]
Which
is
true
of
the
equivalence
point
for
the
redox
titration
of
Fe2+
with
Ce4+?
a) only
[Fe2+]
=
[Fe3+]
b) [Fe2+]
=
[Ce3+]
and
[Ce4+]
=
[Fe3+]
c) [Fe2+]
=
[Ce4+]
and
[Fe3+]
=
[Ce3+]
d) [Fe2+]
=
[Fe3+]
and
[Ce4+]
=
[Ce3+]
e) [Fe2+]
=
0
12]
A
pH
electrode
was
found
to
have
a
potential
of
0.241
V
in
a
pH
4.01
buffer
solution.
A
sample
solution
was
found
to
have
a
potential
of
0.252
V.
What
is
the
pH
of
that
sample?
E
=
const
–
0.0592
pH
13]
KMnO4
can
be
standardized
with
which
of
the
following?
a) H2O2
b) CH4
c) H2O
d) NaC2O4
e) C2H4
14]
Calculate
pCa
if
20.0
mL
of
0.050
M
of
EDTA
is
added
to
15.0
mL
of
0.050
M
Ca2+
at
pH
9.0.
26
15]
Calculate
the
cell
potential
when
25.0
mL
of
0.010
M
Ce4+
is
added
to
15.0
mL
of
0.010
M
Fe2+.
Ce4+
+
e-‐
=
Ce3+
E0
=
1.70
V
Fe3+
+
e-‐
=
Fe2+
E0
=
0.767
V
16]
How
many
grams
of
K2C2O4
(MW
166.22)
must
be
added
25.0
mL
of
0.500
M
HCl
to
give
a
pH
of
4.500
when
this
solution
is
diluted
to
500.0
mL.
Ka1
=
5.60e-‐2
Ka2
=
5.42e-‐5
Answers
to
Problem
Set
7
2]
[H+]
=
5.00
mmol
/
150.0
mL
=
3.33e-‐2
pH
=
1.48
3]
its
transition
pH
which
should
overlap
the
steepest
portion
of
the
titration
curve.
4]
Kf’
=
αy4-‐Kf
5]
The
fraction
of
EDTA
in
the
Y4-‐
form.
6]
Ecell
>
0
7]
0.775
V
8]
E
=
-‐0.141
–(-‐0.44)
=
0.30
V
9]
E
=
-‐0.44
–
(0.0592/2)
log
1/Ksp
=
-‐0.756
V
10]
basic
pH’s
to
maximize
Y4-‐
fraction
11]
[Fe2+]
=
[Ce4+]
and
[Fe3+]
=
[Ce3+]
12]
3.82
13]
NaC2O4
27
14]
mol
EDTA
=
20.0
mL
*
0.050
M
=
1.0
mmol
mol
Ca2+
=
15.0
mL
*
0.050
M
=
0.75
mmol
excess
EDTA
region
where,
[CaY2-‐]
=
0.75
mmol
/
35.0
mL
=
2.1e-‐2
M
[EDTA]
=
0.25
mmol
/
35.0
mL
=
7.1e-‐3
M
Kf
=
[CaY2-‐]
/
[Ca2+]*[Y4-‐]
[Y4-‐]
=
αY4-‐
[EDTA]
Kf
*αY4-‐
=
Kf’
=
[CaY2-‐]
/
[Ca2+]*[EDTA]
Kf
=
4.9e10
Kf’
=
5.4e-‐2*4.9e10
=
2.6e9
2.6e9
=
2.1e-‐2
M
/
[Ca2+]*7.1e-‐3
M
[Ca2+]
=
1.1e-‐9
M
pCa
=
8.94
15]
Mol
Ce4+
=
25.0
mL
*
0.010
M
=
0.25
mmol
Mol
Fe2+
=
15.0
mL
*
0.010
M
=
0.15
mmol
Excess
Ce4+
region
Ce4+
+
Fe2+
=
Fe3+
+
Ce3+
0.25
0.15
0
0
-‐0.15
-‐0.15
+0.15
+0.15
0.10
0
0.15
0.15
E
=
1.70
–
(0.0592)
log
(0.15/0.10)
=
1.69
V
16]
pKa1
=
1.25
pKa2
=
4.27
Therefore
only
Ka2
is
important.
HC2O4-‐
=
H+
+
C2O42-‐
[C2O42-‐]i
=
x
/
0.500
L
[H+]i
=
25.0*0.500
mmol
/
500.0
mL
=
0.025
M
[H+]f
=
10-‐4.500
=
3.16e-‐5
M
x
=
mol
C2O42-‐
28
H+
+
C2O42-‐
=
HC2O4-‐
0.025
x
/
0.500L
0
-‐y
-‐y
+y
3.16e-‐5
0.025
–
y
=
3.16e-‐5
y
=
0.025
M
Ka
=
[H+][C2O42-‐]
/
[HC2O4-‐]
5.42e-‐5
=
[3.16e-‐5][C2O42-‐]
/
[0.025]
[C2O42-‐]
=
4.29e-‐2
M
4.29e-‐2
M
=
x
/
0.500L
–
3.16e-‐5
x
=
2.15e-‐2
mol
g
K2C2O4
=
2.15e-‐2
mol
*
166.22
g/mol
=
3.57
g
29
Problem
Set
8
Problems 1-2 involve the following titration:
1]
75.0-‐mL
of
0.100
M
CH3COOH(aq)
(pKa
=
4.757)
is
titrated
with
0.0500
M
NaOH(aq).
What
is
the
volume
of
NaOH
solution
required
to
reach
the
equivalence
point?
(5
points)
a)
150-‐mL
b)
75.0-‐mL
c)
50.0-‐mL
d)
100-‐mL
e)
125-‐mL
2]
What
is
the
pH
of
the
equivalence
point
in
problem
1?
(5
points)
a)
7.000
b)
6.569
c)
10.368
d)
7.889
e)
8.640
3]
What
is
the
final
pH
if
solutions
of
200.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
NaOH(aq)
and
75.0-‐mL
of
0.100
M
CH3COOH(aq)
are
added
together?
(5
points)
a)
10.554
b)
2.345
c)
7.000
d)
11.959
e)
14.000
4]
What
is
the
difference
between
the
end
point
and
equivalence
point
for
a
monobasic-‐
monoacid
titration?
(5
points)
a]
The
equivalence
point
is
where
mol
acid
=
mol
base
and
the
end
point
is
where
indicator
changes
color.
b]
The
end
point
is
where
mol
acid
=
mol
base
and
the
equivalence
point
is
where
indicator
changes
color.
c]
There
are
no
differences
between
the
concepts
of
the
end
and
equivalence
points.
d]
The
equivalence
point
is
where
mol
acid
=
mol
base
and
the
end
point
is
where
the
pH
is
14.
5]
50.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
oxalic
acid
(H2C2O4,
pka1
=
1.252,
pKa2
=
4.266)
is
titrated
with
50.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
NaOH.
What
is
the
pH
of
that
titrated
solution?
(5
points)
a)
7.00
b)
1.252
c)
2.759
d)
4.266
e)
8.667
6]
What
is
Kf’
for
SrEDTA2-‐
at
pH
11?
8.73 8.73
a)
0.85
b)
10
c)
0.85×8.73
d)
0.85×10
e)
1.55e-‐14
30
7]
The
formal
concentration
of
EDTA
is
1.00
mM.
What
is
the
concentration
of
the
Y4-‐
form
at
pH
4?
-‐9 -‐9 8.73
a)
1.00
mM
b)
3.8×10
×
1.00
mM
c)
3.8×10
mM
d)
0.85
mM
e)
0.85×10
Problems
8-‐11
involve
the
following
titration.
8]
A
solution
of
50.0-‐mL
of
1.00×10-‐3
M
NiCl2(aq)is
titrated
with
1.00×10-‐3
M
EDTA
in
a
solution
of
0.100
M
NH3
at
pH
11.00.
What
is
pNi
if
25.0-‐mL
of
the
titrant
solution
is
added?
Note
that
αNi2+
=
1.34×10-‐4
at
0.100
M
NH3.
(5
points)
a)
7.350
b)
8.442
c)
5.311
d)
10.673
e)
11.995
9]
What
is
Kf’’
for
the
NiEDTA2-‐
complex
in
0.100
NH3
at
pH
11?
(5
points)
-‐4 -‐4
18.62
a)
1.34×10 (0.85)18.62
b)
1.34×10 ×
10
18.62 -‐4 18.62
c)
(0.85)10
d)
1.34×10 (0.85)10
10]
What
is
[NiEDTA2-‐]
if
75.0-‐mL
of
titrant
is
added
to
the
NiCl2
solution
in
problem
8?
(5
points)
a)
2.00e2
b)
5.23e-‐6
c)
2.00e-‐9
d)
7.99e-‐4
e)
4.00e-‐4
11]
Which
is
true
if
75.0-‐mL
of
1.00×10-‐3
M
EDTA
titrant
is
added
to
the
50.0-‐mL
of
1.00×10-‐3
M
NiCl2
solution
in
0.1M
NH3?
Assume
equilibrium
conditions.
(5
points)
2+ 2-‐
a)
[Ni ]
=
[EDTA]
b)
[NiEDTA ]
>
[EDTA]
2-‐ 2+
c)
[NiEDTA ]
=
[EDTA]
d)
[Ni ]
>
[EDTA]
12]
An
electrochemical
cell
will
discharge
spontaneously
if
(5
points)
a)
Ecell
<
0
b)
Ecell
>
0
c)
Ecell
=
0
d)
does
not
depend
on
Ecell
13]
The
reductions
take
place
at
which
electrode?
(5
points)
a)
anode
b)
toade
c)
cathode
d)
alkaline
e)
amphiprotic
31
14]
The
purpose
of
a
reference
electrode
is
to
provide
(5
points)
a)
to
prevent
b)
to
provide
a
c)
to
enable
the
d)
to
provide
a
e)
to
provide
mixing
of
the
means
of
ionic
reductive
process
stable
potential
in
comic
relief.
electrolyte
transport
between
at
the
anode.
which
an
electrode
solution.
the
anode
and
reaction
can
be
cathode
compared
to.
15]
What
is
E0cell
for
the
reaction
below?
(5
points)
F2
+
2Fe2+
=
2F-‐
+
2Fe3+
F2
+
2e-‐
=
2F-‐
E0red
=
2.890
V
3+ -‐ 2+ 0
Fe
+
e
=
Fe
E red
=
0.771
V
a)
-‐2.119
V
b)
-‐1.348
V
c)
1.348
V
d)
0.655
V
e)
2.119
V
16]
What
is
E0cell
for
the
reaction
below?
(5
points)
Hg2SO4(s)
+
2e-‐
=
2Hg(l)
+
SO42-‐
Hg22+
+
2e-‐
=
2Hg(l)
E0red
=
0.796
V
Hg2SO4(s)
=
Hg22+
+
SO42-‐
Ksp
=
7.4e-‐7
0.0592 1
a)
Ecell
0
= 0.796 − log
2 K sp
0.0592
0
b)
Ecell = 0.796 − log K sp
2
1
c)
Ecell
0
= 0.796 − 0.0592 log
K sp
1
d)
Ecell
0
= 0.796 − log
K sp
17]
What
are
the
final
concentrations
of
each
ion
when
25.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
Ce4+
is
mixed
with
15.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
Cu+?
(5
points)
Ce4+
+
e
=
Ce3+
E0red
=
1.44
V
Cu2+
+
e
=
Cu+
E0red
=
0.161
V
18]
What
is
the
potential
of
the
final
solution
when
25.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
Ce4+
is
mixed
with
15.0-‐mL
of
0.0500
M
Cu+?
(5
points)
32
Answers
to
Problem
Set
8
1
&
2]
eq.
pt.
mol
CH3COOH
=
mol
OH-‐
mol
CH3COOH
=
75.0-‐mL*0.100
M
=
7.50
mmol
vol
NaOH
=
7.50
mmol/0.0500
M
=
150-‐mL
total
volume
=
150-‐mL+75.0-‐mL
=
225-‐mL
[CH3COO-‐]
=
7.50
mmol/225-‐mL
=
3.33e-‐2
M
CH3COO-‐
+
H2O
=
CH3COOH
+
OH-‐
3.33e-‐2
-‐-‐
0
0
-‐
x
-‐-‐
+
x
+
x
Kb
=
Kw/Ka
=
5.71e-‐10
=
x2/(3.33e-‐2-‐x)
≈
x2/(3.33e-‐2)
x
=
4.36e-‐6
pOH
=
5.360
pH
=8.640
3]
mol
CH3COOH
=
75.0-‐mL*0.100
M
=
7.50
mmol
mol
OH-‐
=
200.0-‐mL*0.0500
M
=
10.0
mmmol
excess
OH-‐
=
10.0
–
7.50
mmol
=
2.50
mmol
[OH-‐]
=
2.50
mmol/275-‐mL
=
9.09e-‐3
pOH
=
2.041
pH
=
11.959
4]
a]
The
equivalence
point
is
where
mol
acid
=
mol
base
and
the
end
point
is
where
indicator
changes
color.
5]
mol
of
OH-‐
=
50.0-‐mL*0.0500
M
=
2.50
mmol
mol
of
H2C2O4
=
50.0-‐mL*0.0500
M
=
2.50
mmol
Therefore
we
have
only
HC2O4-‐
which
is
an
amphiprotic
species.
pH
is
pH
=
½(pka1
+
pKa2)
=
½(4.266
+
1.252)
=
2.759
6]
Kf’
=
αy4-‐Kf
=
0.85*5.4e8
=
4.6e8
7]
[Y4-‐]
=
3.8e-‐9*1.00e-‐3
M
=
3.8e-‐12
M
b
and
c
are
correct.
33
8]
Initial
mol
Ni2+
=
50.0-‐mL*1.00e-‐3
M
=
0.0500
mmol
Added
mol
EDTA
=
25.0-‐mL*1.00e-‐3
M
=
0.0250
mmol
Excess
Ni2+
=
0.0500
–
0.0250
mmol
=
0.0250
mmol
CNi2+
=
0.0250
mmol
/
75.0-‐mL
=
3.33e-‐4
M
Free
[Ni2+]
=
αNi2+
CNi2+
=
1.34e-‐4*3.33e-‐4
=
4.47e-‐8
M
pNi
=
7.350
9]
Kf’’
=
αNi2+αY4-‐*Kf
=
1.34e-‐4*0.85*1018.62
=
4.7e14
10&11]Initial
mol
Ni2+
=
50.0-‐mL*1.00e-‐3
M
=
0.0500
mmol
Added
mol
EDTA
=
75.0-‐mL*1.00e-‐3
M
=
0.0750
mmol
[NiEDTA]
=
0.0500
mmol
/
125.0-‐mL
=
4.00e-‐4
M
Excess
EDTA
=
0.0250
mmol
/
125.0-‐mL
=
2.00e-‐4
M
Kf’’
=
[NiEDTA]/CNi*[EDTA]
=
4.00e-‐4/CNi*2.00e-‐4
=
4.7e14
CNi
=
4.3e-‐15
[Ni2+]
=
1.34e-‐4*4.3e-‐14
=
5.8e-‐18
M
pNi
=
17.24
Therefore
[NiEDTA2-‐]
>
[EDTA]
12]
b)
Ecell
>
0
13]
cathode
14]
d)
to
provide
a
stable
potential
in
which
the
cathode
reaction
can
be
compared.
15]
Ecell
=
Ecath
–
Eanod
=
2.890
–
0.771
=
2.119
V
16]
E
=
0.796
–
0.0592/2
log
1/[Hg22+]
Ksp
=
7.4e-‐7
=
[Hg22+][SO42-‐]
[Hg22+]
=
7.4e-‐7/[SO42-‐]
E
=
0.796
–
0.0592/2
log
[SO42-‐]/7.4e-‐7
=
0.615
V
34
17&18]
Reaction:
Ce4+
+
Cu+
=
Ce3+
+
Cu2+
Initial
mol
Ce4+
=
25.0-‐mL*0.0500
M
=
1.25
mmol
Initial
mol
Cu+
=
15.0-‐mL*0.0500
M
=
0.75
mmol
More
Ce4+
than
Cu+
therefore
Mol
Ce3+
=
0.75
mmol
[Ce3+]
=
0.75
mmol
/
40.0-‐mL
=
1.9e-‐2
M
4+
Mol
Ce
=
0.50
mmol
[Ce4+]
=
0.50
mmol
/
40.0-‐mL
=
1.3e-‐2
M
Mol
Cu+
=
0.00
mmol
[Cu+]
=
0.00
Mol
Cu2+
=
0.75
mmol
[Cu2+]
=
0.75
mmol
/
40.0-‐mL
=
1.9e-‐2
M
E
=
1.44
–
0.0592
log
1.9e-‐2
/
1.3e-‐2
=
1.43
V
35
Problem
Set
9
1]
When
titrating
a
weak
acid
with
a
strong
base
it
is
expected
that
the
equivalence
point
will
be
a) Slightly
acidic,
since
the
equilibrium
HA
Ý
H+
+
A-‐
predominates.
b) Neutral
since
[OH-‐]
=
[H+]
c) Slightly
basic
since
the
equilibrium
A-‐
+
H2O
Ý
HA
+
OH-‐
predominates.
d) It
is
impossible
to
know
since
it
could
be
acidic
or
basic
depending
on
the
Ka
of
the
acid.
e) Strongly
basic
since
excess
OH-‐
is
present.
2]
A
sample
solution
of
50.00
mL
0.0500
M
oxalic
acid
(H2C2O4)
is
titrated
with
50.00
mL
of
0.1000
M
of
NaOH.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
after
the
two
solutions
are
mixed?
a) This
is
the
first
equivalence
point.
b) This
a
pH
buffer
region
where
[H2C2O4]
=
[HC2O4-‐]
c) This
is
a
metal
buffer
region
d) This
is
the
second
equivalence
point.
e) This
is
the
excess
OH-‐
region
where
the
pH
is
strongly
alkaline.
3]
A
sample
solution
of
50.00
mL
0.0500
M
oxalic
acid
(H2C2O4)
is
titrated
with
35.00
mL
of
0.1000
M
of
NaOH.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
after
the
two
solutions
are
mixed?
a) There
is
2.50
mmol
of
H2C2O4
present.
b) There
is
1.50
mmol
of
OH-‐
present.
c) There
is
2.50
mmol
of
HC2O4-‐
present.
d) There
is
1.00
mmol
of
H2C2O4
present.
e) There
is
1.00
mmol
of
C2O42-‐
present
4]
What
is
the
fraction
of
EDTA
in
the
Y4-‐
form
at
pH
7.00?
5]
What
is
the
conditional
formation
constant
of
CaEDTA2-‐
at
pH
10.00?
6]
The
fraction
of
free
metal
in
the
following
equilibrium
can
be
expressed
as:
M
+
L
Ý
ML
É
=
[ML]
/
[M][L]
36
[M ]
a)
α m =
1+ β
[M ]
b)
α m =
1 + β [ L]
1
c)
α m =
1 + β [ L]
1
d)
α m =
1 + β [ L] + β [ L] 2
1
e)
α m =
1+ β
7]
What
is
the
pH
of
a
titration
solution
that
consists
of
0.100
M
CH3COOH
(Ka
=
1.75e-‐5)
and
0.050
M
NaOH?
8]
What
is
E0
for
the
following
half
reaction
if
E0
for
Zn2+
+
2e-‐
Ý
Zn(s)
is
-‐0.762
V?
½
Zn2+
+
e-‐
Ý
½
Zn(s)
9]
What
is
E0cell
for
the
following
reaction?
2Na(s)
+
2H+
Ý
2Na+
+
H2(g)
Na+
+
e-‐
Ý
Na(s)
E0
=
-‐
2.7143
V
+ -‐
2H
+
2e
Ý
H2(g)
E0
=
0.0000
V
10]
What
is
the
half
reaction
potential
for
reduction
of
1.00e-‐5
M
H+?
11]
The
response
of
a
F-‐
selective
electrode
was
found
to
be
0.355
V
in
standardize
1.00e-‐3
M
solution.
The
response
of
this
electrode
in
an
unknown
solution
of
F-‐
is
0.407
V.
What
is
[F-‐]
for
that
unknown
solution?
12]
18.00
mL
of
0.125
M
Sn4+
is
titrated
with
0.100
M
Ti2+
in
the
following
reaction:
Sn4+
+
2Ti2+
=
Sn2+
+
2Ti3+
What
is
the
added
volume
of
titrant
required
to
reach
the
equivalence
point?
37
13]
Which
of
the
following
is
true
at
the
equivalence
point
of
problem
12?
a) [Sn4+]
=
[Ti2+]
&
[Sn2+]
=
[Ti3+]
b) [Sn4+]
=
[Ti2+]
=
[Sn2+]
=
[Ti3+]
c) 4[Sn4+]
=
2[Ti2+]
&
2[Sn2+]
=
3[Ti3+]
d) 2[Sn4+]
=
[Ti2+]
&
2[Sn2+]
=
[Ti3+]
e) [Sn4+]
=
2[Ti2+]
&
[Sn2+]
=
2[Ti3+]
14]
The
linear
pH
range
for
the
average
pH
electrode
is
about:
a) 0
to
14
b) -‐5
to
18
c) 2
to
10
d) 1
to
14
e) -‐10
to
10
15]
A
very
common
interference
for
the
glass
pH
electrode
is
a) F-‐
b) Cl-‐
c) Br-‐
d) Na+
e) C
16]
Calculate
the
pH
of
a
mixture
of
25.00
mL
of
0.500
M
NaOH
and
25.00
mL
of
0.250
M
H3AsO4
(arsenic
acid).
H3AsO4
=
H2AsO4-‐
+
H+
Ka1
=
5.8e-‐3
H2AsO4-‐
=
HAsO42-‐+
H+
Ka2
=
1.10e-‐7
HAsO42-‐
=
AsO43-‐+
H+
Ka3
=
3.2e-‐12
17]
Which
of
the
following
species
is
the
strongest
reducing
agent?
A+
+
e-‐
=
A
E0
=
0.75
V
-‐
B
+
e-‐
=
B
E0
=
0.25
V
D2+
+
e-‐
=
D+
E0
=
-‐0.50
V
a) A+
b) B-‐
c) B
d) D2+
e) D+
38
18]
Calculate
the
standard
state
cell
potential
for
the
following
Cu(s)/Cu2+(aq)//K+(aq)/K(s)
19]
What
is
the
standard
state
reduction
potential
for
the
following
reaction?
AgBr(s)
+
e-‐
=
Ag(s)
+
Br-‐
Ag+
+
e-‐
=
Ag(s)
E0
=
0.799
V
AgBr(s)
=
Ag+
+
Br-‐
Ksp
=
5.0e-‐13
Answers
To
Problem
Set
9
1]
c
2]
d
3]
e:
1.00
mmol
past
1st
eq.
pt.
Initial
HA-‐
=
2.5
mmol
HA-‐
+
OH-‐
=
A2-‐
+
H20
2.50
1.00
0
-‐1.00
-‐1.00
+1.00
1.50
0
1.00
1.00
mmol
A2-‐
4]
b
5]
a:
Kf’
=
0.36*1010.69
=
1.8e-‐10
6]
c
7]
e:
pH
=
pKa
8]
e
9]
d:
E0cell
=
0.0000
–
(-‐2.7143)
V
10]
c:
E
=
E0
–
0.0592
log
1/[H+]
=
0.0000
–
0.0592
log
1/[1.00e-‐5]
=
-‐0.296
V
11]
c:
E
=
const
–
0.0592
log
[F-‐]
0.355
=
const
–
0.0592
log
[1.00e-‐3]
const
=
0.177
0.407
=
0.177
–
0.0592
log
[F-‐]
[F-‐]
=
1.30e-‐4
M
12]
a:
18.00
mL*0.125
M
Sn4+*(2mol
Ti2+/mol
Sn4+)*1/0.100
M
Ti2+
=
45.0
mL
13]
d
14]
c
15]
d
16]
b:
2nd
eq.
pt
where
all
H3AsO4
is
titrated
to
HAsO42-‐
which
is
intermediate
of
H2AsO4-‐
and
AsO43-‐.
These
two
equilibria
become
important:
H2AsO4-‐
=
HAsO42-‐+
H+
Ka2
=
1.10e-‐7
HAsO42-‐
=
AsO43-‐+
H+
Ka3
=
3.2e-‐12
Therefore
pH
=
½(pKa2
+
pKa3)
=
½
(6.9586
+
11.495)
=
9.23
39
17]
e
18]
a:
Ecell
=
Ecath
–
Eanod
=
-‐2.936
–
0.339
=
-‐3.275
V
19]
Start
with:
E
=
E0(Ag+/Ag)
–
0.0592
log
1/[Ag+]
Realize
that
Ksp
=
[Ag+]
[Br-‐]
[Ag+]
=
Ksp
/
[Br-‐]
sub
into
Nernst
Eqn
above
E
=
E0(Ag+/Ag)
–
0.0592
log
[Br-‐]/Ksp
let
[Br-‐]
=
1
for
standard
state
conditions
E0
=
0.799
–
0.0592
log
1/5.00e-‐13
=
0.0708
V
40