Preliminary design of concrete structures

124SDP1
Preliminary design of concrete structures
Structural design project 124SDP1

1 Content

1 Content ..........................................................................................................................................................- 1 -
2 Preliminary design ..........................................................................................................................................- 2 -
2.1 Reinforced concrete slab .....................................................................................................................- 2 -
2.2 Reinforced concrete beam ...................................................................................................................- 3 -
2.3 Reinforced concrete column ................................................................................................................- 4 -

Ing. Josef Novák, Ph.D.

CTU in Prague | Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures -1-
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6 – Dejvice | Office B788
Email address: josef.novak.1@fsv.cvut.cz | Mobile: +420 728 484 204
Preliminary design of concrete structures
Structural design project 124SDP1

2 Preliminary design

2.1 Reinforced concrete slab

First of all it is necessary to design a slab thickness. The slab thickness is derived in accordance with span to
effective depth ratio (simplified method). If the slab thickness is designed using this method, the slab is considered
to be adequate for avoiding deflection problems in normal circumstances. The most critical slab (with the biggest
span or with the worst static scheme) is used for the calculation.

ds effective depth of cross-section

l element span (in case of two-way slab use the smaller span)

κc1 coefficient of cross-section (rectangular cross-section 1; T-shape cross-section 0.8)

κc2 coefficient of span (for l ≤ 7 m κc2 = 1.0, other cases κc2 = 7/l)

κc3 coefficient of stress in tensile reinforcement (assumed κc3 = 1.1 - 1.3)

λd,tab design span to depth ratio obtained from the attached table (in case of a slab, use the reinfor. ratio 0.5 %)

λd,tab design span to depth ratio

Strength class
Reinforcement
Structural system
ratio
C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C40/50 C50/60

Simply supported beam, one-way or 0,5% 16,6 15,8 17,0 18,5 20,5 25,8 32,0
two-way spanning simply supported
slab 1,5% 12,2 12,6 13,0 13,5 14,0 15,0 16,0

0,5% 5,8 6,3 6,8 7,4 8,0 10,3 12,8

Cantilever
1,5% 4,9 5,0 5,2 5,4 5,6 6,0 6,4

0,5% 17,5 19,0 20,4 22,2 24,0 30,9 38,4

Slab supported on columns without
beams (flat slab, locally supported slab)
1,5% 14,6 15,1 15,6 16,2 16,8 18,0 19,2

End span of continuous beam or one- 0,5% 19,0 20,5 22,1 24,1 26,0 33,5 41,5
way continuous slab or two-way
spanning slab continuous over one long
side 1,5% 15,9 16,4 16,9 17,6 18,0 19,5 20,8

Interior span of continuous beam or 0,5% 21,9 23,7 25,5 27,8 30,8 38,6 48,0
one-way or two-way spanning
continuous slab 1,5% 18,3 18,9 19,5 20,3 21,0 22,5 24,0

Ing. Josef Novák, Ph.D.

CTU in Prague | Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures -2-
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6 – Dejvice | Office B788
Email address: josef.novak.1@fsv.cvut.cz | Mobile: +420 728 484 204
Preliminary design of concrete structures
Structural design project 124SDP1

hs slab thickness (cross-section depth) - roundup to nearest tens mm

c concrete cover (depends on the exposure classes, service life etc., use 20,25,30,35 mm)

Ø assumed bar diameter (for slab 8,10 or 12 mm bar)

Using this method, the value of the slab thickness obtained from the calculation is relatively conservative (on safe
side). It is not a mistake to use the obtained value for other calculation within the preliminary design. But if you
want to be more precise, you should consider the size of uniform loading the slab is subject to and adjust the
obtained value by your engineering opinion. That means to design a thinner slab or a thicker slab if the uniform
load is expected to be lower or higher, respectively, in comparison with a common size.

2.2 Reinforced concrete beam

First, the dimensions of a cross-section have to be determined using the following formula. The formula was derived
based on the experience with designing concrete structures and should give you only an idea about the cross-
section size. As consequence, it is not necessary to fulfil the condition and select the dimensions in the proposed
range.

lb beam span
hb cross-section depth - use such hb to get (hb - hs) in 50 mm steps
(for instance: hs = 170 mm, hb = 420 mm)
wb cross-section width - roundup to nearest fifties mm

Subsequently, the beam of the selected cross-section has to be validated that it is able to withstand assumed loading.
First, determine line load acting on the proposed beam and then the maximum bending moment and shear force.

The validation of the beam size in terms of flexural behaviour:

Ing. Josef Novák, Ph.D.

CTU in Prague | Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures -3-
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6 – Dejvice | Office B788
Email address: josef.novak.1@fsv.cvut.cz | Mobile: +420 728 484 204
Preliminary design of concrete structures
Structural design project 124SDP1

assumed flexural reinforcement diameter (16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28 mm)

assumed stirrups diameter (8 or 10 mm)

fcd design value of compressive concrete strength (depends on concrete strength class)

The coefficient ξ should be less than 0,45 in accordance with CSN EN 1992-1-1. Moreover, to design a cost-effective
and material-efficient beam, the coefficient ξ should be in a range 0,15 - 0,4; otherwise change the dimensions of the
beam cross-section.

The validation of the beam size in terms of shear behaviour:

otherwise change the cross-section dimensions

the design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the member, limited by
crushing of the compression struts.
general coefficient, use the table below
cotangens of the angle between the concrete compression strut and the beam axis perpendicular to the
shear force, use 1.2 ÷ 1.5
fck characteristic value of compressive concrete strength (depends on concrete strength class)

2.3 Reinforced concrete column

Once you validate the beam cross-section and slab thickness you are capable to calculate point load on a selected
column (the most critical column in terms of load size). To determine the size of a column cross-section, use the
following formula for a centrally loaded column.

Ing. Josef Novák, Ph.D.

CTU in Prague | Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures -4-
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6 – Dejvice | Office B788
Email address: josef.novak.1@fsv.cvut.cz | Mobile: +420 728 484 204
Preliminary design of concrete structures
Structural design project 124SDP1

NEd maximum point load acting on a selected column

Ac cross-section area

As reinforcement area

ρ reinforcement ratio (use 1%-3%)

stress in reinforcement (use 400 MPa)

One of the cross-section dimensions is strongly recommended to be the same as the beam width due to
manufacturing technology .

m w x z e s1 ec e s2 pro d 2/d
0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
0,010 0,0101 0,013 0,995 275,093 -3,500 10,430 24,359 38,289 52,219
0,020 0,0202 0,025 0,990 135,086 -3,500 3,429 10,359 17,288 24,217
0,030 0,0305 0,038 0,985 88,412 -3,500 1,096 5,691 10,287 14,882
0,040 0,0408 0,051 0,980 65,071 -3,500 -0,071 3,357 6,786 10,214
0,050 0,0513 0,064 0,974 51,063 -3,500 -0,772 1,956 4,684 7,413
0,060 0,0619 0,077 0,969 41,722 -3,500 -1,239 1,022 3,283 5,544
0,070 0,0726 0,091 0,964 35,047 -3,500 -1,573 0,355 2,282 4,209
0,080 0,0835 0,104 0,958 30,039 -3,500 -1,823 -0,146 1,531 3,208
0,090 0,0945 0,118 0,953 26,142 -3,500 -2,018 -0,536 0,946 2,428
0,100 0,1056 0,132 0,947 23,022 -3,500 -2,174 -0,848 0,478 1,804
0,110 0,117 0,146 0,942 20,468 -3,500 -2,302 -1,103 0,095 1,294
0,120 0,128 0,160 0,936 18,337 -3,500 -2,408 -1,316 -0,224 0,867
0,130 0,140 0,175 0,930 16,533 -3,500 -2,498 -1,497 -0,495 0,507
0,140 0,151 0,189 0,924 14,985 -3,500 -2,576 -1,651 -0,727 0,197
0,150 0,163 0,204 0,918 13,642 -3,500 -2,643 -1,786 -0,929 -0,072
0,160 0,175 0,219 0,912 12,465 -3,500 -2,702 -1,903 -1,105 -0,307
0,170 0,188 0,234 0,906 11,426 -3,500 -2,754 -2,007 -1,261 -0,515
0,180 0,200 0,250 0,900 10,500 -3,500 -2,800 -2,100 -1,400 -0,700
0,190 0,213 0,266 0,894 9,670 -3,500 -2,841 -2,183 -1,524 -0,866
0,200 0,225 0,282 0,887 8,922 -3,500 -2,879 -2,258 -1,637 -1,016
0,210 0,238 0,298 0,881 8,244 -3,500 -2,913 -2,326 -1,738 -1,151
0,220 0,252 0,315 0,874 7,626 -3,500 -2,944 -2,387 -1,831 -1,275
0,230 0,265 0,331 0,867 7,060 -3,500 -2,972 -2,444 -1,916 -1,388
0,240 0,279 0,349 0,861 6,540 -3,500 -2,998 -2,496 -1,994 -1,492
0,250 0,293 0,366 0,854 6,060 -3,500 -3,022 -2,544 -2,066 -1,588
0,260 0,307 0,384 0,846 5,615 -3,500 -3,044 -2,588 -2,133 -1,677
0,270 0,322 0,402 0,839 5,202 -3,500 -3,065 -2,630 -2,195 -1,760
0,280 0,337 0,421 0,832 4,817 -3,500 -3,084 -2,668 -2,253 -1,837
0,290 0,352 0,440 0,824 4,456 -3,500 -3,102 -2,704 -2,307 -1,909
0,300 0,368 0,459 0,816 4,118 -3,500 -3,119 -2,738 -2,357 -1,976
0,310 0,384 0,479 0,808 3,800 -3,500 -3,135 -2,770 -2,405 -2,040
0,320 0,400 0,500 0,800 3,500 -3,500 -3,150 -2,800 -2,450 -2,100
0,330 0,417 0,521 0,792 3,216 -3,500 -3,164 -2,828 -2,493 -2,157
0,340 0,434 0,543 0,783 2,947 -3,500 -3,178 -2,855 -2,533 -2,211
0,350 0,452 0,565 0,774 2,691 -3,500 -3,190 -2,881 -2,571 -2,262
0,360 0,471 0,589 0,765 2,447 -3,500 -3,203 -2,905 -2,608 -2,311
0,370 0,490 0,613 0,755 2,213 -3,500 -3,214 -2,929 -2,643 -2,357
0,380 0,510 0,638 0,745 1,989 -3,500 -3,226 -2,951 -2,677 -2,402
0,390 0,531 0,664 0,735 1,773 -3,500 -3,236 -2,973 -2,709 -2,445
0,400 0,553 0,691 0,724 1,565 -3,500 -3,247 -2,993 -2,740 -2,487
0,410 0,576 0,720 0,712 1,363 -3,500 -3,257 -3,014 -2,770 -2,527
0,420 0,600 0,750 0,700 1,167 -3,500 -3,267 -3,033 -2,800 -2,567
0,430 0,626 0,782 0,687 0,974 -3,500 -3,276 -3,053 -2,829 -2,605
0,440 0,654 0,817 0,673 0,784 -3,500 -3,286 -3,072 -2,857 -2,643
0,450 0,684 0,855 0,658 0,595 -3,500 -3,295 -3,091 -2,886 -2,681
0,460 0,717 0,896 0,641 0,404 -3,500 -3,305 -3,110 -2,914 -2,719
0,470 0,755 0,944 0,622 0,208 -3,500 -3,315 -3,129 -2,944 -2,758
0,480 0,800 1,000 0,600 0,000 -3,500 -3,325 -3,150 -2,975 -2,800
0,490 0,859 1,073 0,571 -0,239 -3,500 -3,337 -3,174 -3,011 -2,848

Ing. Josef Novák, Ph.D.

CTU in Prague | Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures -5-
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6 – Dejvice | Office B788
Email address: josef.novak.1@fsv.cvut.cz | Mobile: +420 728 484 204