Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Use a ruler and a protractor to draw each vector. Include a scale on each diagram.
1. = 75 miles per hour 40º east of south
SOLUTION:
Using your straight edge, make two perpendicular lines, labeling the ends N, S, E, and W, according to the correct
direction. Then, place your protractor along the axis and measure a 40 degree angle from the South side of the
protractor toward the East axis. If you make your scale 1 inch: 60 mi/h, then your vector will be 1.2 inches.
1 in. : 60 mi/h
ANSWER:
1 in. : 60 mi/h
1 cm : 20 ft/s
ANSWER:
1 cm : 20 ft/s
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
1 cm : 20 ft/s
ANSWER:
1 cm : 20 ft/s
3.
SOLUTION:
Using the Triangle Method, start by copying and . Draw , so that its tail touches the tail of .
3.
SOLUTION:
Using the Triangle Method, start by copying and . Draw , so that its tail touches the tail of .
ANSWER:
4.
SOLUTION:
Using the Triangle Method, copy and . Draw and translate so that its tip touches the tail of .
Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions Page 3
8-7 Vectors
4.
SOLUTION:
Using the Triangle Method, copy and . Draw and translate so that its tip touches the tail of .
Draw the resulting vector from the tail of to the tip of .
ANSWER:
5.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
SOLUTION:
8-7 Vectors
5.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
6.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 4th quadrant, you can find its direction by subtracting from 360. Therefore, the direction of is
360-63.4=296.6 degrees.
ANSWER:
8.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
eSolutions
Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
360-63.4=296.6 degrees.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
8.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 3rd Quadrant, add to 180 to find the direction of the vector. Therefore, the direction of is 180 +
39.8 = 219.8 degrees.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
ANSWER:
10.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8
8-7 Vectors
10.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
11. CCSS MODELING A plane is traveling due north at a speed of 350 miles per hour. If the wind is blowing from
the west at a speed of 55 miles per hour, what is the resultant speed and direction that the airplane is traveling?
SOLUTION:
Draw a diagram. Let represent the resultant vector.
The component form of the vector representing the plane's velocity is , and the component form of the
vector representing the velocity of the wind is .
The resultant vector is .
Use Distance formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the resultant direction.
ANSWER:
≈ 354.3 mi/h at angle of 8.9° east of north
Use a ruler and a protractor to draw each vector. Include a scale on each diagram.
12. = 60 inches per second at 145º to the horizontal
SOLUTION:
Draw a horizontal line. Then, with your protractor on the horizontal line, measure 145 degrees. If your scale is 1 cm:
20 inches, then mark a scale that is 3 cm long ( 60/20=3).
1cm: 20 in/s
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
ANSWER:
The direction of the plane 8.9 degrees East of North.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
≈ 354.3 mi/h at angle of 8.9° east of north
Use a ruler and a protractor to draw each vector. Include a scale on each diagram.
12. = 60 inches per second at 145º to the horizontal
SOLUTION:
Draw a horizontal line. Then, with your protractor on the horizontal line, measure 145 degrees. If your scale is 1 cm:
20 inches, then mark a scale that is 3 cm long ( 60/20=3).
1cm: 20 in/s
ANSWER:
1 cm: 20 in/s
1cm: 4 m
ANSWER:
1cm: 4 m
ANSWER:
1 cm. : 4 m
1 cmManual
eSolutions : 10 yd/min
- Powered by Cognero Page 12
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
1 cm. : 4 m
1 cm : 10 yd/min
ANSWER:
1 cm : 10 yd/min
1 in. : 50 km/h
ANSWER:
1 in. : 50 km/h
ANSWER:
1 in. : 50 km/h
16.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method of subtracting vectors, draw and and place the tail of so that it
touches the tail of . Complete the parallelogram. Then draw the diagonal.
16.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method of subtracting vectors, draw and and place the tail of so that it
touches the tail of . Complete the parallelogram. Then draw the diagonal.
Remove the dashed lines to reveal the resulting vector .
ANSWER:
17.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram method, copy and and place so that its tail touches the tail of . Complete
the parallelogram and draw the diagonal.
Remove the dashed lines for the resulting vector .
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16
8-7 Vectors
18.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method, copy and so that their tails are touching. Complete the parallelogram and
draw the diagonal.
Remove the dashed lines and the resulting vector is .
ANSWER:
19.
8-7 Vectors
19.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram method, copy and and translate them so that their tails are touching. Complete the
parallelogram and draw the diagonal.
Remove the dashed lines and the diagonal is the resulting vector .
ANSWER:
20.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method, copy and . Translate so that its tail touches the tail of . Complete the
parallelogram and draw the diagonal.
20.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method, copy and . Translate so that its tail touches the tail of . Complete the
parallelogram and draw the diagonal.
ANSWER:
21.
SOLUTION:
Using the Parallelogram Method, copy and and translate so that its tail touches the tail of .
Complete the parallelogram and draw the diagonal.
Remove the dashed lines and the resulting vector is .
ANSWER:
22.
SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 20
8-7 Vectors
22.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
23.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
24.
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
24.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
25.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
26.
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
26.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
27.
SOLUTION:
The component form of is .
ANSWER:
28. FIREWORKS The ascent of a firework shell can be modeled using a vector. Write a vector in component form
that can be used to describe the path of the firework shown.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
28. FIREWORKS The ascent of a firework shell can be modeled using a vector. Write a vector in component form
that can be used to describe the path of the firework shown.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
CCSS SENSE-MAKING Find the magnitude and direction of each vector.
29.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
CCSS SENSE-MAKING Find the magnitude and direction of each vector.
29.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
ANSWER:
30.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 25
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
30.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
ANSWER:
31.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
31.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 2nd quadrant, we can find the direction by subtracting it from 180 degrees.
ANSWER:
32.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
32.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 4th Quadrant, we can subtract it from 360 to get the direction of the vector.
ANSWER:
33.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
33.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 3rd Quadrant, we can add it to 180 degrees to find the direction of the vector.
ANSWER:
34.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
34.
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the magnitude.
Use trigonometry to find the direction.
Graph , its horizontal component, and its vertical component. Then, use the inverse tangent function to find .
Since is in the 3rd Quadrant, we can add it to 180 degrees to find the direction of the vector.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
ANSWER:
36.
SOLUTION:
You can find the sum of two vectors by adding their components.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
36.
SOLUTION:
You can find the sum of two vectors by adding their components.
ANSWER:
37.
SOLUTION:
You can find the difference of two vectors by subtracting their components.
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 32
8-7 Vectors
37.
SOLUTION:
You can find the difference of two vectors by subtracting their components.
ANSWER:
38.
SOLUTION:
You can find the difference of two vectors by subtracting their components.
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 33
8-7 Vectors
38.
SOLUTION:
You can find the difference of two vectors by subtracting their components.
ANSWER:
39.
SOLUTION:
You can multiply a vector by a scale factor of 2 by multiplying each component by 2. You can find the difference of
two vectors by subtracting their components.
39.
SOLUTION:
You can multiply a vector by a scale factor of 2 by multiplying each component by 2. You can find the difference of
two vectors by subtracting their components.
ANSWER:
40.
SOLUTION:
To find 2 times a vector, you can multiply each component by a scalar factor of 2. To find the sum of two vectors,
you can add the components.
40.
SOLUTION:
To find 2 times a vector, you can multiply each component by a scalar factor of 2. To find the sum of two vectors,
you can add the components.
ANSWER:
41. HIKING Amy hiked due east for 2 miles and then hiked due south for 3 miles.
a. Draw a diagram to represent the situation, where is the resultant vector.
b. How far and in what direction is Amy from her starting position?
SOLUTION:
You can find the distance traveled by using the Pythagorean Theorem.
41. HIKING Amy hiked due east for 2 miles and then hiked due south for 3 miles.
a. Draw a diagram to represent the situation, where is the resultant vector.
b. How far and in what direction is Amy from her starting position?
SOLUTION:
You can find the distance traveled by using the Pythagorean Theorem.
Use trigonometry to find the direction of Amy's hike.
Since direction is measured from the north-south line, we can subtract from 90 degrees.
Amy is traveling at a 36.7 degree angle east of south.
ANSWER:
a.
b. 3.6 mi at an angle of 33.7° east of south
42. EXERCISE A runner’s velocity is 6 miles per hour due east, with the wind blowing 2 miles per hour due north.
a. Draw a diagram to represent the situation, where is the resultant vector.
b. What is the resultant velocity of the runner?
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 37
SOLUTION:
8-7 Vectors
b. 3.6 mi at an angle of 33.7° east of south
42. EXERCISE A runner’s velocity is 6 miles per hour due east, with the wind blowing 2 miles per hour due north.
a. Draw a diagram to represent the situation, where is the resultant vector.
b. What is the resultant velocity of the runner?
SOLUTION:
You can find the speed traveled by using the Pythagorean Theorem.
You can use trigonometry to determine the direction traveled.
We express direction as it relates to the north-south line.
Therefore, the runner's direction was 71.6 degrees east of north.
ANSWER:
a.
b. 6.3 mi/h at an angle of 71.6° east of north
ANSWER:
44.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
45.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
46. HOMECOMING Nikki is on a committee to help plan her school’s homecoming parade. The parade starts at the
high school and continues as shown in the figure at the right.
a. What is the magnitude and direction of the vector formed from the ending point of the parade to the school?
b. Find the sum of the two vectors to determine the length of the parade if 1 unit = 0.25 mile.
SOLUTION:
a) The
eSolutions vector
Manual formed
- Powered by by the starting point at the school and the terminal point at the end of the parade is
Cognero . 39
Page
Use the distance formula to find the magnitude of the vector.
8-7 Vectors
SOLUTION:
a) The vector formed by the starting point at the school and the terminal point at the end of the parade is .
Use the distance formula to find the magnitude of the vector.
Use trigonometry to find the direction of the vector.
The parade started at the origin and terminated below the positive x-axis in quadrant IV. The direction of the vector
o o o
is the angle that it makes clockwise from the positive x-axis, which is 360 – 11.3 or 348.7 .
o
Therefore, the magnitude of the vector is about 5.1 units and the direction is at an angle of about 348.7 .
b) Use the distance formula to find the length of each leg of the parade.
First, find the length of the leg between (5, 2) and (0, 0).
Next, find the length of the leg between (5, –1) and (5, 2).
So, the total distance of the parade is about 5.4 + 3 or 8.4 units.
Use the conversion rate of 1 unit = 0.25 mile to determine the length of the parade in miles.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 40
So, the total distance of the parade is about 5.4 + 3 or 8.4 units.
8-7 Vectors
Use the conversion rate of 1 unit = 0.25 mile to determine the length of the parade in miles.
The length of the parade is about 2.1 miles.
ANSWER:
a. units ,
b. 2.1 mi
47. SWIMMING Jonas is swimming from the east bank to the west bank of a stream at a speed of 3.3 feet per
second. The stream is 80 feet wide and flows south. If Jonas crosses the stream in 20 seconds, what is the speed of
the current?
SOLUTION:
Jonas crosses the stream in 20 seconds and the river is 80 ft wide Therefore, the velocity is 80/20 or 4 ft/sec, which
is the resultant of Jonas speed and speed of the stream.
Use Pythagorean Theorem to solve for x, the speed of the stream.
The speed of the current is about 2.3 ft/sec.
ANSWER:
2.3 ft/s
48. CHALLENGE Find the coordinates of point P on AB that partitions the segment into the given ratio AP to PB.
a. A(0, 0), B(0, 6), 2 to 1
b. A(0, 0), B(-15, 0), 2 to 3
SOLUTION:
a.
We can set up a proportion to find the point P which divides AB into a 2:3 ratio.
ANSWER:
a. (0,Manual
eSolutions 4) - Powered by Cognero Page 42
b. (–6, 0)
49. CCSS PRECISION Are parallel vectors sometimes, always, or never opposite vectors? Explain.
Therefore, the length of AP=6 and P is located at (-6,0).
8-7 Vectors
ANSWER:
a. (0, 4)
b. (–6, 0)
49. CCSS PRECISION Are parallel vectors sometimes, always, or never opposite vectors? Explain.
SOLUTION:
The direction of a vector is indicated by its terminal point. They can be on either end of the vector.
Sample answer: Sometimes; Parallel vectors either have the same or opposite directions.
ANSWER:
Sample answer: Sometimes; Parallel vectors either have the same or opposite directions.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 44
8-7 Vectors
ANSWER:
Sample
eSolutions answer:
Manual The
- Powered by sum of the two vectors is also parallel to both of the original vectors.
Cognero Page 45
b.When drawing two vectors to subtract, you need to consider the direction each tip must be heading.
8-7 Vectors
Sample answer: The sum of the two vectors is also parallel to both of the original vectors.
b.When drawing two vectors to subtract, you need to consider the direction each tip must be heading.
Sample answer: The difference of the two vectors is also parallel to both of the original vectors.
ANSWER:
a.
Sample answer: The sum of the two vectors is also parallel to both of the original vectors.
b.
Sample answer: The difference of the two vectors is also parallel to both of the original vectors.
53. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the parallelogram and triangle methods of adding vectors.
SOLUTION:
The initial point of the resultant starts at the initial point of the first vector in both methods; however, in the
parallelogram method, both vectors start at the same initial point, whereas in the triangle method, the resultant
connects the initial point of the first vector and the terminal point of the second. The resultant is the diagonal of the
parallelogram in the parallelogram method.
53. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the parallelogram and triangle methods of adding vectors.
SOLUTION:
The initial point of the resultant starts at the initial point of the first vector in both methods; however, in the
parallelogram method, both vectors start at the same initial point, whereas in the triangle method, the resultant
connects the initial point of the first vector and the terminal point of the second. The resultant is the diagonal of the
parallelogram in the parallelogram method.
ANSWER:
The initial point of the resultant starts at the initial point of the first vector in both theorems; however, in the
parallelogram method, both vectors start at the same initial point, whereas in the triangle method, the resultant
connects the initial point of the first vector and the terminal point of the second. The resultant is the diagonal of the
parallelogram in the parallelogram method.
54. EXTENDED RESPONSE Sydney parked her car and hiked along two paths described by the vectors
and .
a. What vector represents her hike along both paths?
b. When she got to the end of the second path, how far is she from her car if the numbers represent miles?
SOLUTION:
a) Find the resultant vector by adding both vectors.
54. EXTENDED RESPONSE Sydney parked her car and hiked along two paths described by the vectors
and .
a. What vector represents her hike along both paths?
b. When she got to the end of the second path, how far is she from her car if the numbers represent miles?
SOLUTION:
a) Find the resultant vector by adding both vectors.
ANSWER:
a.
b. or 7.3 mi
55. In right triangle ABC shown below, what is the measure of A to the nearest tenth of a degree?
A 32.2
55. In right triangle ABC shown below, what is the measure of A to the nearest tenth of a degree?
A 32.2
B 38.9
C 51.1
D 57.8
SOLUTION:
Use the sine ratio to find the measure of A.
ANSWER:
B
56. PROBABILITY A die is rolled. Find the probability of rolling a number greater than 4 to the nearest hundredth.
F 0.17
G 0.33
H 0.50
J 0.67
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
G
57. SAT/ACT Caleb followed the two paths shown below to get to his house C from a store S. What is the total
distance of the two paths, in meters, from C to S?
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 49
Therefore, the correct choice is G.
ANSWER:
G
8-7 Vectors
57. SAT/ACT Caleb followed the two paths shown below to get to his house C from a store S. What is the total
distance of the two paths, in meters, from C to S?
A 10.8 m
B 24.5 m
C 31.8 m
D 35.3 m
E 38.4 m
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of each path.
First, find the length of Path 1.
For that right triangle, the length of the legs are, (28 – 4)m or 24m and (15 – 10)m or 5m.
Now, find the length of Path 2.
Add both the distances to find the total distance.
Therefore, the correct choice is D.
ANSWER:
D
Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 50
Therefore, the correct choice is D.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
D
Find x. Round angle measures to the nearest degree and side measures to the nearest tenth.
58.
SOLUTION:
We are given the measures of two angles and a nonincluded side, so use the Law of Sines to write a proportion.
ANSWER:
50.6
59.
SOLUTION:
We are given the measures of two angles and a nonincluded side, so use the Law of Sines to write a proportion.
ANSWER:
72.0
60.
SOLUTION:
We are given the measures of two angles and a nonincluded side, so use the Law of Sines to write a proportion.
ANSWER:
117.6
61. SOCCER Adelina is in a soccer stadium 80 feet above the field. The angle of depression to the field is . What is
the horizontal distance between Adelina and the soccer field?
SOLUTION:
Draw a figure.
The horizontal distance between Adelina and the soccer field is 376.4 ft.
ANSWER:
376.4 ft
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
376.4 ft
62. m 2
SOLUTION:
All four angles of a rectangle are right angles. So,
ANSWER:
60
63. m 8
SOLUTION:
Since the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent and bisect each other, the triangle with the angles 1, 11 and 8 is an
isosceles triangle.
So, and .
ANSWER:
30
64. m 12
SOLUTION:
Since the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent and bisect each other, the triangle with the angles 1, 11 and 8 is an
isosceles triangle.
and .
The sum of the three angles in a triangle is 180.
ANSWER:
120
65. m 5
SOLUTION:
The measures of the angles 1 and 5 are equal as they are alternate interior angles.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 53
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
120
65. m 5
SOLUTION:
The measures of the angles 1 and 5 are equal as they are alternate interior angles.
ANSWER:
30
66. m 6
SOLUTION:
Since this is a rectangle, all of the vertices form right angles. Therefore,
The measures of the angles 2 and 6 are equal as they are alternate interior angles.
ANSWER:
60
67. m 3
SOLUTION:
Since this is a rectangle, all of the vertices form right angles. Therefore,
Since the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent and bisect each other, the triangle with the angles 2, 10 and 3 is an
isosceles triangle.
So, and .
ANSWER:
60 degrees
Assume that segments and angles that appear to be congruent in each figure are congruent. Indicate
which triangles are congruent.
68.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 54
SOLUTION:
Use the symmetry of the bridge to find congruent corresponding sides between triangles.
So, and .
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
60 degrees
Assume that segments and angles that appear to be congruent in each figure are congruent. Indicate
which triangles are congruent.
68.
SOLUTION:
Use the symmetry of the bridge to find congruent corresponding sides between triangles.
ANSWER:
69.
SOLUTION:
Use the symmetry of the design to find congruent corresponding angles and sides in the triangles.
ANSWER:
70.
SOLUTION:
Assuming that the innermost figure is a square, we know it is composed of 4 congruent isosceles right triangles.
Additionally,
eSolutions the triangles
Manual - Powered that surround the square share the same longer leg ( side of the square). Continue to look
by Cognero Page 55
for congruent triangles as they spiral out from the center of the square.
ANSWER:
8-7 Vectors
70.
SOLUTION:
Assuming that the innermost figure is a square, we know it is composed of 4 congruent isosceles right triangles.
Additionally, the triangles that surround the square share the same longer leg ( side of the square). Continue to look
for congruent triangles as they spiral out from the center of the square.
ANSWER:
s 1, 5, 6, and 11, s 3, 8, 10,
and 12, s 2, 4, 7, and 9