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CHAPTER 3
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

Points to Remember :
1. Coordinate axes : Two mutually perpendicular lines X´OX and YOY´ known as x-axis and y-axis
respectively, constitutes to form a co-ordinate axes system. These axes interests at point O, known as
origin.

2. Co-ordinate axes divides the plane into four regions, known as Quadrants.
3. The position of any point in a plane is determined with reference to x-axis and y-axis.
4. The x-coordinate of a point is its perpendicular distance from the y-axis measured along the x-axis. The
x-coordinate is known as abscissa.
5. The y-coordinate of a point is its perpendicular distnace from the x-axis measured along the y-axis. The
y-coordinate is known as ordinate.
6. Abscissa and ordinate of a point written in the form of ordered pair, (ascissa, ordinate) is known as the
co-ordinate of a point.
7. If the point in the plane is given, we can find the ordered pair of its co-ordinate and if the ordered pair of
real numbers is given, we can find the point in the plane corresponding to this ordered pair.

Quadrant
I II III IV
Sign of
8. Sing Convention :
x  coordinate  – – 
y  coordinate   – –

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1. Write the answer of each of the following questions:

(i) What is the name of the horizontal and the vertical lines drawn to determine the position of
any point in the cartesian plane?
(ii) What is the name of each part of the plane formed by these two lines?
(iii) Write the name of the point where these two lines intersect? —NCERT
Solution. (i) Rectangular axes/co-ordinate axes
(ii) Quadrant
(iii) Origin
Example 2. Write the co-ordinate of points A, B, C, D, E and F.

Solution. Here, the co-ordinate of A are (3, 3) ; of B are (6, 0) ; of C are (–3, 2) ; of D are (5, –4) ; of E are
(0, –5) and of F are (–6, –2).
Example 3. In which quadrant, do the following points lies?
A (3, 7), B (–9, –6), C (10, 15) and D (–5, 9)
Solution. In A (3, –7), x co-ordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative.  A lies in IVth quadrant.
Similarly, B lies in IIIrd quadrant ; C lies in Ist quadrant and D lies in IInd quadrant.
Example 4. Plot the following points with given co-ordinates in a plane. A (4, 3), B (–5, 2), C (0, –5), D (5, 0), E
(–5, –3) and F (3, –4).
Solution. For plotting A (4, 3), we first move 4 units along OX and then 3 units along OY. Similary. other point
can be drawn.

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A (4, 3)

Example 5. Look at the figure given, and write the following :

(i) The co-ordinate of A. (ii) The abscissa of point B.
(iii) The ordinate of point C. (iv) The co-ordinate of D.
(v) The point whose co-ordinate are (–2, 5).

Solution. (i) Co-ordinate of A are (6, –4) (ii) Abscissa of B is 2.

(iii) Ordinate of C is –3 (iv) Co-ordinates of D are (4, 3)
(v) Point E have co-ordinate as (–2, 5)
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Example 6. Plot the points (x, y) given in the following table on the plane choosing suitable units of distance
on the axes.

x  2 1 0 1 3
y 8 7  1.25 3  1
—NCERT
Solution.

Example 7. Plot the points A (–3, –3), B (5,–3), C (5, 2) and D (–3, 2) on the graph paper. Join them in order and
name the figure so formed. Also, find its area.
Solution.

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ABCD is a rectangle
Area of ABCD = AB × BC = 8 × 5 sq. units = 40 sq. units
Example 8. Graph the following equations
(i) x = –2 (ii) y = 3 (iii) y = x + 2
Solution. (i) x = –2. The given equation can be written as 1.x + 0.y = –2  x is fixed as –2 and y may choose
any value. Let us represent following information in a tabular form.

x 2 2 2 2 2
y  2 1 0 1 2

(ii) y = 3. Given equation may be written as 0.x + 1.y = 3 y is fixed as 3 and x may choose any
value. Let us represent this information in a tabular form.
x 2 1 0 1 2
y 3 3 3 3 3

(iii) y = x + 2
here, when x = 0, y = 2 ; x = 1, y = 3 ; x = –1, y = 1 etc. Represent this in the tabular form.
x 1 0 1 2
y 1 2 3 4

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PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. State the quadrant in which the following points lie.
(i) A (3, –4) (ii) B (–5, 11) (iii) C (–10, –15) (iv) D (8, 12)
(v) E (–11, 5) (vi) F (–100, –200) (vii) G (10, 50) (viii) H (20, –5)
2. Look at the figure given, and write the following :
(i) The co-ordinate of P (ii) The ordinate of Q
(iii) The abscissa of R (iv) The point given by (4, –3)
(v) The point which is at a distance of 3 units from y-axis
(vi) Co-ordinate of point T

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3. Plot the points P (1, 3), Q (3, 7) and R (5, 11). Are these points collinear?
4. Plot the points A (–2, 3), B (8, 3) and C (6, 7). Join them in order. Name the figure obtained. Also find its
area.
5. Plot the points A (3, 2), B (11, 8), C (8, 12) and D (0, 6). Join them in order. Name the figure thus obtained.
6. Plot the points P (0, –1), Q (2, 1), R (0, 3), S (–2, 1). Join them in order. Name the figure obtained.
7. Plot the points A (–2, 1), B (1, 1), C (–4, –3) and D (3, –3). Join them in order. Name the figure thus
obtained.
8. Plot the points P (7, 3), Q (3, 0), R (0, –4) and S (4, –1). Join them in order. Name the figure thus obtained.
9. Plot the points A (0, 3), B (–4, 1), C (0, –6) and D (4, 1). Join them in order. Name the figure thus obtained.
10. Graph the folloiwng equations :
(i) x = 4 (ii) y = –3 (iii) y = x (iv) x + y = 3

PRACTICE TEST
M.M : 15 Time : 1/2 hour
General Instructions :
All questions carry 3 marks each.
1. Name the quadrant in which the following points lie :
(i) A (–7, 9) (ii) B (–10, – 25) (iii) C (7, –9) (iv) D (11, 7)
2. Plot A (–6, 3), B (6, 0) and C (4, 5). Join these points in order. Name the figure thus obtained.
3. Look at the figure and write the following :
(i) The co-ordinate of A.
(ii) The co-ordinate of B.
(iii) The abscissa of C.
(iv) The point whose co-ordinates are (–4, 3)
Y
6 A
5
4
D
3
2
1

0 1 X
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
–2

–3
C
–4

–5 B

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4. Mark the points P (–4, 2), Q (–4, –4), R (3, –4) and S (3, 2) on the graph paper. Join these points in order.
Name the figure obtained. Also, find area of the figure obtained.
5. Draw the graph of y = x + 1. Does the point (–7, 6) lie on this line?

ANSWERS OF PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. (i) IVth quadrant (ii) IInd qudrant (iii) IIIrd quadrant (iv) Ist quadrant
(v) IInd qudrant (vi) IIIrd quadrant (vii) Ist quadrant (viii) IVth qudrant
2. (i) P (–5, 4) (ii) Q (4, 2) (iii) –6 (iv) T
(v) S (vi) T (4, –3)
3. yes

4. Triangle, Area = 20 sq. units

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5. Rectangle 6. Square

7. Trapezium 8. Rhombus

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9. Kite

10.

(i) (ii)

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(iii) (iv)

ANSWERS OF PRACTICE TEST

1. (i) IInd quadrant (ii) IIIrd qudrant (iii) IVth quadrant (iv) Ist quadrant
2. Triangle

3. (i) A (7, 6) (ii) B (2, –5) (iii) –4 (iv) D

4. Rectangle, Area = 42 square units

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5. No

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