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    MYP Cell Respiration PDF

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    Rishar bok
    Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy from food into a usable form, called ATP, through a series of metabolic reactions. There are three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, yielding a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle further breaks down the products of glycolysis in the mitochondrial matrix, producing more ATP and electrons. In the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial membrane, the electrons are used to generate most of the cell's ATP. Aerobic respiration with oxygen as the final electron acceptor is the most efficient way to produce ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields

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    MYP Cell Respiration PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rishar bok
    39 views23 pages
    Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy from food into a usable form, called ATP, through a series of metabolic reactions. There are three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, yielding a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle further breaks down the products of glycolysis in the mitochondrial matrix, producing more ATP and electrons. In the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial membrane, the electrons are used to generate most of the cell's ATP. Aerobic respiration with oxygen as the final electron acceptor is the most efficient way to produce ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields

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    Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy from food into a usable form, called ATP, through a series of metabolic reactions. There are three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, yielding a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle further breaks down the products of glycolysis in the mitochondrial matrix, producing more ATP and electrons. In the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial membrane, the electrons are used to generate most of the cell's ATP. Aerobic respiration with oxygen as the final electron acceptor is the most efficient way to produce ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    39 views23 pages

    MYP Cell Respiration PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rishar bok
    Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy from food into a usable form, called ATP, through a series of metabolic reactions. There are three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and occurs in the cytoplasm, yielding a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle further breaks down the products of glycolysis in the mitochondrial matrix, producing more ATP and electrons. In the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial membrane, the electrons are used to generate most of the cell's ATP. Aerobic respiration with oxygen as the final electron acceptor is the most efficient way to produce ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields

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    THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

    Cell Respiration
    Plants make their food,
    heterotrophs eat plants or
    eat other heterotrophs.
    Every living cell must
    carry out cell respiration
    in order to convert food
    energy into a form that
    can be used within the
    cell.
    Cells require energy for
    synthesizing large
    molecules like DNA, RNA,
    and proteins; pumping
    molecules or ions across
    membranes by active
    transport; moving things
    around inside the cell,
    such as the protein fibers
    that cause muscle
    contraction.
    The useable energy for
    these processes is a
    molecule called ATP.
    Plants make their food
    using photosynthesis.
    Consumers get that
    energy by eating
    plants or eating other
    consumers that ate
    plants.
    Food is broken down
    and its energy is
    stored in cells in a
    molecule called ATP.

    ATP – the
    molecule that
    cells use for
    energy. ATP is
    directly-
    useable energy
    for cells!
    After organisms make
    or eat food it is broken
    down and the energy
    from the food is stored
    in the cells in a
    compound called
    adenosine triphosphate
    (ATP).
    Cell respiration is the
    process of breaking
    down food and
    converting its energy to
    ATP.

    Tri = 3
    3 phosphates held together
    by covalent bonds
    ATP is like a fully
    charged battery.
    It has energy in the
    covalent bonds.

    covalent bonds
    How is energy used or released?
    The bond between the second and third phosphate
    breaks and releases energy that can be used.
    Now the “battery”
    needs to be re-
    charged.

    Now we don’t have 3 phosphates so we


    can’t call it Adenosine TRIphosphate
    (ATP) anymore.
    It is now an Adenosine DIphosphate
    (ADP) molecule. ADP is like a low battery.
    When we eat more food, or when a plant makes
    more food, the battery is re-charged by the
    process of cell respiration.
    Lose

    Gain
    Cell respiration –
    using energy from
    glucose (food) in
    cells to make ATP.
    Where does cellular
    respiration occur?
    In the MIGHTY
    MITOCHONDRIA.
    Mitochondria
    produce useable
    energy.

    Mitochondria
    – produce
    energy (ATP)
    from food
    through cell
    respiration.
    The cell respiration equation:

    C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 2 ATPs → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP


    Glucose + oxygen + a little energy → Carbon dioxide + water + LOTS
    of energy

    Reactants Products
    Glucose

    Black - carbon atoms


    Red - oxygen atoms
    Blue - hydrogen atoms
    Yellow - chemical bond
    ATP energy
    Purple - adenosine
    molecule
    Green - phosphate
    ADP molecules
    The first step in cell
    respiration is glycolysis.

    Glycolysis - glucose
    is broken down into
    two pyruvates with a
    net yield of 2 ATPs.
    This step occurs in
    the cytoplasm of the
    cell.
    Glycolysis releases ~10% of
    the energy from the food. It
    requires 2 ATPs to start the
    reaction.
    After glycolysis, respiration goes in 1 of
    2 directions. If O2 is present the
    pyruvates move into a mitochondrion
    where aerobic respiration takes place. If
    no O2 is present anaerobic cell
    respiration is completed in the
    cytoplasm.

    Aerobic – Uses oxygen


    Anaerobic – No oxygen

    KEY: During anaerobic


    cell respiration
    (fermentation) pyruvate
    can be converted in the
    cytoplasm after
    glycolysis into lactate
    (humans) or ethanol
    and carbon dioxide
    (yeast) with no further
    yield of ATP.
    Aerobic cell
    respiration and
    fermentation
    (anaerobic) both
    start with
    glycolysis in the
    cytoplasm of the
    cell.
    The entire
    fermentation
    process occurs in
    the cytoplasm.
    When oxygen is
    present, aerobic
    cell respiration
    continues in a
    mitochondrion.

    Draw and label a


    mitochondrion.
    There are 3 steps
    in aerobic cell
    respiration:
    1. Glycolysis
    2. Krebs Cycle
    3. Electron
    Transport
    Chain
    The first step in aerobic cell
    respiration is glycolysis,
    which yields ~2ATPs and 2
    pyruvates (AKA pyruvic acid)
    Glycolysis releases ~10% of
    the energy from the food. It
    requires 2 ATPs to start the
    reaction.
    If O2 is present the
    pyruvates will move into
    the matrix of a
    mitochondrion and begin
    the Krebs cycle.

    Krebs cycle – in
    the matrix of a
    mitochondrion
    the pyruvates
    break down into
    CO2, ATP, and
    high energy
    electrons.
    Electron transport
    chain – in the inner
    mitochondrial
    membrane high
    energy electrons
    from the Krebs
    cycle convert ADP
    into ATP.
    At the end of the
    chain oxygen and
    H+ accept the
    electrons forming
    H2O, which is
    released. This
    keeps the flow of
    electrons going.
    KEY: During
    aerobic cell
    respiration,
    pyruvate can
    be broken
    down in a
    mitochondrion
    into CO2, H2O
    and a large
    yield of ATP.
    Comparing
    PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION
    Function: Make food Function: Make ATP using food
    Location: Chloroplasts Location: Mitochondria
    Reactants: CO2 + H2O Reactants: C6H12O6 + O2
    Products: C6H12O6 + O2 Products: CO2 + H2O

    Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (C.R.) are opposites. The


    reactants of Photosynthesis are the products of C.R.
    The reactants of C.R. are the products of Photosynthesis!
    The End

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