Sodium acetate

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Sodium ace tate , NaCH3COO, also abbreviated NaOAc,[8] is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a
Sodium acetate
w ide range of uses.

Contents [hide]
1 Applications
1.1 Biotechnological
1.2 Industrial
1.3 Concrete longevity
1.4 Food
1.5 Buffer solution
1.6 Heating pad
2 Preparation
3 Reactions
4 References Names
5 External links IUPAC name
Sodium acetate
Sy stematic IUPAC name
Applications [ edit ] Sodium ethanoate
Other names
Biotechnological [ edit ] Hot ice (sodium acetate trihy drate)
Identifiers
Sodium acetate is used as the carbon source f or culturing bacteria. Sodium acetate is also usef ul f or increasing yields of DNA
CAS Number anhy drous: 127-09-3
isolation by ethanol precipitation.
trihy drate: 6131-90-4
3D model (JSmol) anhy drous: Interactiv e
Industrial [ edit ]
image
Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulf uric acid w aste streams and also as a photoresist w hile using aniline Beilstein 3595639
Ref erence
dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning and helps to impede vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In
ChEBI anhy drous: CHEBI:32954
processing cotton f or disposable cotton pads, sodium acetate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.
trihy drate: CHEBI:32138
Concrete longevity [ edit ]
ChEMBL anhy drous: ChEMBL1354
Sodium acetate is used to mitigate w ater damage to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, w hile also being environmentally
benign and cheaper than the commonly used epoxy alternative f or sealing concrete against w ater permeation.[9] ChemSpider anhy drous: 29105
ECHA Inf oCard 100.004.386
Food [ edit ] EC Number anhy drous: 204-823-8
E number E262 (preserv ativ es)
Sodium acetate may be added to f ood as a seasoning, sometimes in the f orm of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of sodium
Gmelin Ref erence 20502
acetate and acetic acid,[10] given the E-number E262. It is of ten used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar f lavor.[citation needed] Sodium
KEGG trihy drate: D01779
acetate (anhydrous) is w idely used as a shelf -lif e extending agent, pH control agent [11] It is saf e to eat at low concentration.[12]
PubChem CID anhy drous: 517045
trihy drate: 23665404
Buffer solution [ edit ]
RTECS number anhy drous:
A solution of sodium acetate (a basic salt of acetic acid) and acetic acid can act as a buf f er to keep a relatively constant pH level. AJ4300010 (anhy drous)
AJ4580000
This is usef ul especially in biochemical applications w here reactions are pH-dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4–6).
UNII anhy drous:
NVG71ZZ7P0
Heating pad [ edit ]
trihy drate: 4550K0SC9B
Sodium acetate is also used in heating pads, hand w armers, and hot ice. Sodium acetate CompTox anhy drous:
trihydrate crystals melt at 136.4 °F/58 °C[13] (to 137.12 °F/58.4 °C),[14] dissolving in their w ater Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID2027044
of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allow ed to InChI [show]

cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to SMILES [show]

room temperature w ithout f orming crystals. By pressing on a metal disc w ithin the heating Properties
pad, a nucleation center is f ormed, causing the solution to crystallize back into solid sodium Chemical f ormula C 2H 3NaO2
acetate trihydrate. The bond-f orming process of crystallization is exothermic.[15] The latent Molar mass 82.034 g·mol−1

A hand warmer containing a heat of f usion is about 264–289 kJ/kg.[13] Unlike some types of heat packs, such as those Appearance White deliquescent powder

supersaturated solution of sodium dependent upon irreversible chemical reactions, a sodium acetate heat pack can be easily Odor Vinegar (acetic acid) odor
acetate which releases heat upon when heated to
reused by immersing the pack in boiling w ater f or a f ew minutes, until the crystals are
cry stallization decomposition[1]
completely dissolved, and allow ing the pack to slow ly cool to room temperature. [16]
Density 1.528 g/cm 3 (20 °C,
anhy drous)
Preparation [ edit ] 1.45 g/cm 3 (20 °C,
trihy drate)[2]
For laboratory use, sodium acetate is inexpensive and usually purchased instead of being
Melting point 324 °C (615 °F; 597 K)
synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic (anhy drous)
acid, commonly in the 5–8% solution know n as vinegar, w ith sodium carbonate ("w ashing 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodium hydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda"). (trihy drate)

Any of these reactions produce sodium acetate and w ater. When a sodium and carbonate Boiling point 881.4 °C (1,618.5 °F;
1,154.5 K)
ion-containing compound is used as the reactant, the carbonate anion f rom sodium
(anhy drous)
bicarbonate or carbonate, reacts w ith hydrogen f rom the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic
122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)
A cry stal of sodium acetate acid, f orming carbonic acid. Carbonic acid readily decomposes under normal conditions into (trihy drate) decomposes
trihy drate (length 1.7 centimetres) gaseous carbon dioxide and w ater. This is the reaction taking place in the w ell-know n Solubility in water Anhy drous:
"volcano" that occurs w hen the household products, baking soda and vinegar, are combined. 119 g/100 mL (0 °C)
123.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3 125.5 g/100 mL (30 °C)
H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O 137.2 g/100 mL (60 °C)
162.9 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Industrially, sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting acetic acid w ith sodium hydroxide using w ater as the solvent.
 CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O Trihy drate:
32.9 g/100 mL (-10 °C)
36.2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
Reactions [ edit ] 46.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
82 g/100 mL (50 °C)[3]
Sodium acetate can be used to f orm an ester w ith an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:
Solubility Soluble in alcohol,
CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr hy drazine, SO2[4]

Sodium acetate undergoes decarboxylation to f orm methane (CH4) under f orcing conditions (pyrolysis in the presence of sodium Solubility in 16 g/100 g (15 °C)
methanol 16.55 g/100 g (67.7 °C)[4]
hydroxide):
Solubility in Trihy drate:
CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3 ethanol 5.3 g/100 mL

Calcium oxide is the typical catalyst used f or this reaction. Caesium salts also catalyze this reaction. [citation needed] Solubility in 0.5 g/kg (15 °C)[4]
acetone
Acidity (pKa) 24 (20 °C)[4]
References [ edit ] 4.75 CH 3COOH [5]

1. ^ "Sodium Acetate" . International Chemical Safety Cards. National 9. ^ "Potato Chip Flav oring Boosts Longev ity Of Concrete" . Science Basicity (pKb) 9.25
Institute of Occupational Saf ety and Health. 2018-09-18. Daily. 8 August 2007. Magnetic −37.6·10−6 cm 3/mol
susceptibility (χ )
2. ^ a b c "sodium acetate trihy drate" . chemister.ru. 10. ^ AG, Jungbunzlauer Suisse. "Sodium Diacetate – Jungbunzlauer" .
www.jungbunzlauer.com. Ref ractiv e index 1.464
3. ^ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic (nD)
and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand. 11. ^ "Food Additiv e "Sodium Acetate (Anhy drous)" | Products" .
Structure
4. ^ a b c d e f "sodium acetate" . chemister.ru. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. Retriev ed 16 September 2020.
Cry stal structure Monoclinic
5. ^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Sodium acetate . Retriev ed on 12. ^ Mohammadzadeh-Aghdash, Hossein; Sohrabi, Yousef ;
Thermochemistry
2014-06-07. Mohammadi, Ali; Shanehbandi, Dariush; Dehghan, Parv in; Ezzati
Heat capacity (C) 100.83 J/mol·K
Nazhad Dolatabadi, Jaf ar (15 August 2018). "Saf ety assessment
6. ^ a b Acetic acid, sodium salt in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, (anhy drous)[6]
of sodium acetate, sodium diacetate and potassium sorbate f ood
William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard 229 J/mol·K (trihy drate)[7]
additiv es" . Food Chemistry. 257: 211–215.
Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Std molar 138.1 J/mol·K
doi:10.1016/j.f oodchem.2018.03.020 . ISSN 0308-8146 .
Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov (retriev ed entropy (So298) (anhy drous)[6]
PMID 29622200 . Retriev ed 16 September 2020.
2014-05-25) 262 J/mol·K (trihy drate)[2]
13. ^ a b Ibrahim Dincer and Marc A. Rosen. Thermal Energy Storage:
7. ^ Acetic acid, sodium salt, hy drate (1:1:3) in Linstrom, Peter J.; Std enthalpy of −709.32 kJ/mol
Sy stems and Applications , page 155 f ormation
Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard (anhy drous)[4]
Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and 14. ^ Courty JM, Kierlik E, Les chauf f erettes chimiques, Pour la (ΔfH⦵298) −1604 kJ/mol (trihy drate)[2]
Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov (retriev ed Science, décembre 2008, pp. 108–110 Gibbs f ree energy −607.7 kJ/mol
2014-05-25) 15. ^ "Cry stallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate" . Journal of (ΔfG˚) (anhy drous)[4]
8. ^ Clay den, Jonathan; Greev es, Nick; Warren, Stuart; Wothers, Chemical Education. 2015-07-19. Pharmacology
Peter (2001). Organic Chemistry (1st ed.). Oxf ord Univ ersity Press. 16. ^ "How do sodium acetate heat pads work?" . HowStuf f Works. ATC code B05XA08 (WHO )
ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0. April 2000. Retriev ed 2007-09-03.
Hazards
Main hazards Irritant
External links [ edit ] Saf ety data sheet External MSDS
NFPA 704
Hot Ice – Instructions, Pictures, and Videos 1
(f ire diamond)
How Sodium Acetate heating pads w ork 1 0

Flash point >250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) [5]

Autoignition 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K)[5]

temperature
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD 50 (median 3530 mg/kg (oral, rat)
dose)
Related compounds
Other anions Sodium f ormate
Sodium propionate
Other cations Potassium acetate
Calcium acetate
Related Sodium diacetate
compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are giv en
f or materials in their standard state (at 25 °C
[77 °F], 100 kPa).
v erif y (what is ?)
Inf obox ref erences