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Iron Bulk V Remington

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IRON BULK v.

REMINGTON
1 GR 136960, December 08, 2003

Except in the cases mentioned under Art. 1734, if the goods


FACTS: are lost, destroyed or deteriorated, common carriers are
Remington Industrial ordered 194 hot rolled steel sheets, presumed to have been at fault or to have acted negligently
weighing 686.656 metric tons with a total value of unless they prove that they observed extraordinary diligence.
P6,469,759.17, from Wangs Company. Wangs forwarded the
order to its supplier Burwill. The sheets were loaded on MV
Indian Reliance in Poland and shipped to the Philippines under ISSUE 2:
a Bill of Lading. Iron Bulk Shipping represented the charterer in Whether or not the CA erred in relying on the pro forma Bill of
the Philippines. Lading– NO.

Remington had the cargo insured during the voyage by Marine HELD:
Insurance Policy issued by defendant Pioneer Asia Insurance
Corporation. TWO-FOLD CHARACTER:

Upon discharge of the cargo, the sheets were found to be wet A bill of lading operates as both a receipt and a contract. It is a
and with rust extending to 50 to 80% of each plate. Plaintiff receipt for the goods shipped (dates, place, description, quality
filed for formal claims for loss amounting to P544,875.17 with and value) and a contract to transport and deliver the same as
Pioneer, Iron Bulk, Manila Port Services and ESE Brokerage therein stipulated. 
Corporation. ESTOPPEL:
No one honored the claims of loss and as recourse, Remington Since Iron Bulk shipping failed to annotate in the bill of lading
filed an action for collection against Wangs, Pioneer and Iron the alleged damaged condition of the cargo when it was
Bulk. Both lower and appellate courts ruled in favor of loaded, they are bound by the description contained therein
Remington. and they are now estopped from denying the contents of the
The charterer‘s defense (Iron Bulk) was that the sheets were said bill of lading.
already rusty when they were loaded on the ship. However, the
Bill of Lading it issued was found to be a clean bill of lading  
(i.e. it does not indicate any defect on the goods covered by it).
The sheets were found to be in a fair, usually accepted
condition.

The supplier‘s defense (Wangs) was that Iron Bulk did not
exercise extraordinary diligence in shipping the sheets. 

The appellate court dismissed the case against Wangs and


now, only Iron Bulk raised the case on certiorari.

ISSUE 1:
Whether or not Iron Bulk exercised extraordinary diligence. –
NO

HELD:

DILIGENCE REQUIRED:

Even if the cargo was already in a damaged condition at the


time it was accepted for transportation, the carrier is not
relieved from its responsibility to exercise due care in handling
the merchandise and in employing the necessary precautions
to prevent the cargo from further deteriorating.  

Extraordinary diligence requires the common carrier to know


and to follow the required precaution for avoiding damage to,
or destruction of the goods entrusted to it for safe carriage and
delivery.  The common carrier must exercise due diligence to
forestall or lessen the loss (by applying additional safety
measures to make sure that the cargo is protected from
corrosion). 

PRESUMPTION:

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