Geología

Estructural
Aplicada a
Ingeniería de
Minas y
Exploraciones

Prof. César Arriagada

cearriag@cec.uchile.cl
Resumen de Proyectos Geología Estructural Aplicados a Obras de Ingeniería

Proyecto Yamana El Peñon (2010-2011)

Proyecto El Teniente (2011-2013)

Proyecto Kinross La Coipa (2013-2014)

Proyecto SQM Salar de Atacama (2014-2016)

Proyecto Alto Maipo (2015-2018)

Proyecto BHP-Cuenca de Calama (2016)

César Arriagada
Diciembre 2016
“Modelo Geológico Estructural Mina El
Teniente-Distrito-Regional”
ESTUDIO MODELO GEOLÓGICO-ESTRUCTURAL 3D
DISTRITO LA COIPA

Realizado por:

César Arriagada
Juan Becerra
Rodolfo Lagos
Proyecto de Exploración

Realizado por: César Arriagada

RESULTADOS
- Yet lhe largest PCD's occur primarily in non-
collisional subduction settings

-In the Andes subduction has been episodically active

from more than 500 Ma, when Laurentia broke away
from western Gondwana

--However, despite its long history as an active

continental margin, the giant Andean PCD's were
emplaced during very short time intervals during the
Calbuco volcano, 2015
Cenozoic
 Bertrand et al, 2014 Ore Geol Rev

205

16

>500

Mton of fine
copper content

-The great majority of giantCentrl Andean PCD’s were emplaced between 45 -33
(Eocene- early Oligocene) and 20-5 Ma (Miocene-Pliocene)

What is the reason?, Are the PCDs, somehow, a feature of mature magmatic
arcs ?. A tectonic trigger is needed?. Is the nature of the continental crust a
factor to consider?
 Rosario (35-33)
45-32 Ma PCD’s of the Northern Ujina (35)

Chile Porphyry Province were Quebrada Blanca (35)

emplaced along the >1000 km

Domeyko Fault System formed El Abra (39)
Radomiro Tomic (32)
Chuquicamata (35-32)
during the orogen-scale “Incaic” Mina Sur
MM (32-31)
Tectonic Event Toki (37-35)
Genoveva (37-35)
Opache (39-37)
El Tesoro
Esperanza (42)
Telégrafo (42)
Caracoles (42)
Centinela (44)
Polo Sur (42)

-Trasspressional deformation Gaby (43-40)

along the (thermally weakened) Chimborazo (38)
Zaldívar (39-37)
arc front Escondida Norte (39-37)
Escondida (38-34)
- No volcanism
-Rapid exhumation (fission track
data)
-Uplift and enhanced erosion -
Syn-tectonic sediments Exploradora (33-32)

-Crustal thickening Maria Delia (35)

El Salvador (42)

Chuquicamata (35-32 Ma) Cornejo et al, 1997

Potrerillos (37)
 Yabricoya-
Queen Elizabeth La Escondida
Queb Blanca-
Collahuasi

Chuquicamata-
El Abra

Centinela
PCD Clusters
La Escondida
Long-lived
“plumbing
Sierra Exploradora
systems”
Potrerillos-
El Salvador
 Chuquicamata-El Abra-Cluster

-All clusters show a long mgmatic

history that includes numerous
intrusive events begining well before
the main episodes of mineralized
porphyry intrusions

Late Cretaceous
(87-67 Ma)
El Abra-
Fortuna El Abra
Intrusive
Complex

(45-37)
Ma
R Tomic

Paleocene Chuquicamata
Alejandro Hales
Toki
(63-60 Ma Chuquicamata
Intrusive Complex
(36-33 Ma)
 Eastern
Cordillera
Eocene-early Oligocene Western Cordillera
Incaic event (Active CVZ Arc) Interandean
Central Zone
Depression
Coastal Cordillera
Subandean Fold
and Thrust Belt
Brazilian
Shield
La Paz
Santa
Precordillera/ Cruz
Cordillera de
Arica
Domeyko Altiplano

Collahuasi

Chuquicamata

Major tectonic
Antofagasta shortening has been
Puna documented, in the
La Escondida Eastern Bolivian
Cordillera
 Eastern
Cordillera
Morococala
Volcanic
Complex
6-8Ma

Strongly folded
Altiplano Paleozoic unitsunts

Lago Poopó

Eastern Cordillera: Strong deformation on Paleozoic, Cretaceous and Paleocene (> 55 Ma)
rocks: very weak deformation on Late Oligocene.Miocene (<26 Ma) sedimentary sequences
(Horton, 2005)
 INCAIC EVENT

Large (continental)
scale processes

- The Domeyko
Fault System was
formed and and
giant porphyry
coppers were
emplaced during
the FORMATION
OF THE BOLIVIAN
OROCLINE

Mpodozis & Cornejo, 2012, SEG Spec Pub

Arriagada et al. [2008]
Velocidad de convergencia
[cm/año]
(componente ortogonal al
margen). Bello, [2015]

40 Ma
0 Ma
20 Ma
40 Ma
60 Ma
80 Ma
100 Ma
100 Ma
80 Ma
60 Ma
40 Ma
20 Ma
0 Ma
 -The emplacent of the
giant Central Chile PCD’s
began at 10 Ma later,
almost 10 Ma later that
the tectonic collapse of Los Pelambres
the “Abanico” Intra-arc 14-10 Ma

basin

WHY? Cordillera
Frontal
-At that time the
deformation front
migrated from the Aconcagua
Aconcagua Fold and Thrust Río Blanco-Los Bronces
7,7-4,7 Ma –La Ramada
Belt to the eastern edge of FTB
the Cordillera Frontal and
old crustal components
were underthrusted from
the east below the Andes
El Teniente
6,5-4,6 Ma
 CHALINGA INTRUSIVE COMPLEX
Chile Argentina
LOS PELAMBRES
Mondaca Strata
(22-21 Ma)
Pal
Tr
Pachón Fm
(22-21 Ma) Ol-
Cu Mineralization
22 Ma Cs
Mioc

Gabbro-Diorite
Pelambres
18 Ma
Granodiorites,
Mineralization occured
Gabro-Diorite
12-10
Quartz Ma
Diorites
at the end of a long
Amphibole-bearing
magmatic
Dacitic cycle,
Porphyries Los Pelambres
including15-13
multiple
Ma pre,
Pachón
23-21 Ma Cs
syn and postectonic
18 Ma
8-9that
Malasted
Granodiorite- Pz
intrusions,
Granodiorite- Ol-
Monzgranite El Pachón
moreMonzogranite
than 10 Ma Mioc
Ol-
Mioc

Río Mondaquita
Cs

Csg
“Pelambres Fm”
(33-18? Ma)
District-scale geology, Los Pelambres
W E
The giant Los Pelambres PCD is associated with a post-tectonic
composite stock (14-10 Ma) emplaced on the trace of a major regional
thrust fault formed at 18 Ma during compresional collapse of the Abanico
Basin

Pelambres Fm
(33-21 Ma) Pachón Fm
(23-21 Ma)