READING IN ENGLISH IV MATERIALS

Sources of texts:
Magazines, Newsletters, Journals

Magazines and newsletters are either serials or periodical publications that are published on a regular,
recurring schedule for an indefinite period of time. That schedule can be weekly, monthly, quarterly, or every
other day of every other month. In general, the differences between newsletters and magazines come down
to how they are written, who they are written for, and how they are distributed. Additionally, most
newsletters and magazines provide visual clues as to their identity. The most common differences between
magazines and newsletters are:
Content
Magazine: periodical publication with articles, interviews, publicity stories, pictures, several subjects, multiple authors.
Newsletter: periodical publication with articles, interviews, publicity, about a subject or topic, one or more authors.

Audience
Magazine: written for the general public. Even special interest magazines are written with a general audience in mind
with minimum technical jargon or specialized language and glossary explanations

 Newsletter: written for a group of people with a common interest. It may contain more technical jargon
or specialized language not readily understood by the general public that doesn't share the interest or common ideas of
the newsletter audience.

Distribution
Magazine: available by subscription or from newsstands, often supported by advertising.
Newsletter: available by subscription, distributed to members of an organization, supported by subscriptions,
organizational membership fees (club dues), or paid for by the publishing authority.
 Journals

A journal is an academic publication containing articles written by researchers, professors and other experts.
Journals focus on a specific discipline or field of study. Unlike newspapers and magazines, journals are
intended for an academic or technical audience, not general readers. Most journal articles have the following
characteristics:

 Are peer reviewed.

 Have original research.
 Focus on current developments.
 Cite other works and have bibliographies.
 Can be in print, online or both.

Journals are published on a regular basis: monthly, quarterly, bimonthly, and are sequentially numbered. Each
copy is an issue; a set of issues makes a volume. Like newspapers and magazines, journals are also called
periodicals or serials.
EXAMPLES:

Newsletter https://www.tyrrell.k12.nc.us/apps/pages/index.jsp?
uREC_ID=1558424&type=d&pREC_ID=2074308

JOURNAL

https://academic.oup.com/journals
ENGLISH QUESTIONS
Question Types
In English There are two basic question types:
 Yes/No: the answer is "yes or no".
 WH Questions also called "information questions" look for some data in the answer. We
often refer to them as WH because they include the letters WH in the questions: who, where, why,
what…

Yes/No questions
Are you a nurse? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. I am an accountant.
Are they friends? No, they are spouses.
Was Mary in class? Yes, she was.
Does she study? Yes, she does.
Did you come; No, I didn’t.
Are you studying? Yes, I am.
Have they paid the ticket? No, they have not / not yet.

WH questions /Information questions

• When? ....................... Time When is our English class? It is on Tuesdays and
Thursdays
• Where? ....................... Place Where is the University located? To the south
• Who? .......................... Person Who called? Who is your teacher? Who are in class?
• Why? .......................... Reason Why is she sad? Why are you sleepy?
 Why do you wake up so early? Because I have to be at work at 6: a.m.

• How? ......................... Manner How is the weather today? It is cool and cloudy.
 How old are you? I am 30 years old.
 How do you make that good cake? By mixing the ingredients softly.
 How do you feel today? I feel much better.

• What? …………….. object/idea/action What is your name? What are you doing?
 Which (one)? ………choice of alternatives Which car is your favorite ?

Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:

• Whose? ..................possession Whose book is this? Whose is this book? Oh, it is mine.
• How much? ...........price, amount (noncount) How much money do you have? how much are the tickets?

• How many? ..........Quantity (count) How many dollars does the ticket cost?
How many people are in the party?
How many books are there at the library?
• How long? ................... Duration how long is our English class? it is 2 hours long.
How long do you exercise?
How long have you studied English? I have studied English for
years
How long is your meter?

• How often? .................. Frequency How often do you travel /go abroad?
How often does she go the movies?
How often do you visit your parents?

• How far? ...................... Distance How far is Icesi from Univalle? It is near/close.

• What kind (of)? ............ Description What kind of animals are your favorite?
What kind of books do you like the most?
What kind of food do you prefer?
What kind of food is your favorite?

WHO ... FOR..............? Destination Who is she waiting for? She’s waiting for her
son.
Who is this package for? it’s for my sister.
WHO ... WITH .............? Company Who do you work with? I work with Joseph.
Who do you live with? Who did you marry with?
who are you going to marry with? who will you marry
with?
  Where…to Where are they going to?
• What …. for What did he buy that for?
• What …. in What does she believe in?
• What……at? What are you looking at?
• Who……. look after? Who did she look after?

VOCABULARY
COLLOCATIONS

Collocations are expressions made up of two or more words that are commonly used together. Good examples of this
type of word pairing are combinations with 'make' and 'do'. You make a cup of tea, but you do your homework. There
are no collocation rules that can be learned. The native English speaker intuitively makes the correct collocation, based
on a lifetime’s experience of hearing and reading the words in set combinations. This is a short list of collocations to
give an idea about them.

Ladies and gentlemen Black and white This is a fast train

I love fast food/junk food I am taking a quick shower This is a quick meal

VERB COLLOCATIONS

Verb collocations

Have Do Make

have a bath do business make a difference

have a drink do nothing make a mess
have a good time do someone a favor make a mistake
have a haircut do the cooking make a noise
have a holiday do the housework make an effort
have a problem do the shopping make furniture
have a relationship do the washing up make money
have a rest do your best make progress
have lunch do your hair make room
have sympathy do your homework make trouble

Take Break Catch

take a break break a habit catch a ball

take a chance break a leg catch a bus
take a look break a promise catch a chill
take a rest break a record catch a cold
take a seat break a window catch a thief
take a taxi break someone's heart catch fire
take an exam break the ice catch sight of
take notes break the law catch someone's attention
take someone's place break the news to someone catch someone's eye
take someone's break the rules catch the flu
temperature

pay save keep

pay a fine save electricity keep a diary

pay attention save energy keep a promise
pay by credit card save money keep a secret
pay cash save one's strength keep an appointment
pay interest save someone a seat keep calm
pay someone a compliment save someone's life keep control
pay someone a visit save something to a disk keep in touch
pay the bill save space keep quiet
pay the price save time keep someone's place
pay your respects save yourself the trouble keep the change

Come Go Get
come close go abroad get a job
come complete with go astray get a shock
come direct go bad get angry
come early go bald get divorced
come first go bankrupt get drunk
come into view go blind get frightened
come last go crazy get home
come late go dark get lost
come on time go deaf get married
come prepared go fishing get nowhere
come right back go mad get permission
come second go missing get pregnant
come to a compromise go on foot get ready
come to a decision go online get started
come to an agreement go out of business get the impression
come to an end go overseas get the message
come to a standstill go quiet get the sack
come to terms with go sailing get upset
come to a total of go to war get wet
come under attack go yellow get worried

Miscellaneous collocations

TIME BUSINESS ENGLISH CLASSIFIERS

bang on time annual turnover a ball of string

dead on time bear in mind
early 12th century break off negotiations a bar of chocolate
free time cease trading
from dawn till dusk chair a meeting a bottle of water
great deal of time close a deal
late 20th century close a meeting a bunch of carrots
make time for come to the point
next few days dismiss an offer a cube of sugar
past few weeks draw a conclusion
right on time draw your attention to a pack of cards
run out of time launch a new product
save time lay off staff a pad of paper
spare time go bankrupt
spend some time go into partnership
 TIME BUSINESS ENGLISH CLASSIFIERS

take your time make a loss

tell someone the make a profit
time market forces
time goes by sales figures
time passes take on staff
waste time

TAG QUESTIONS

A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini question. We use
tag questions to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Is that right?" or "Do you agree?"

A "tag" is something small added to something larger. The little piece of cloth added to a shirt showing
size or washing instructions is a tag. A tag question is a statement followed by a mini question.

How are tag questions formed?

 Normally a positive statement is followed by a negative tag, and a negative statement is

followed by a positive tag. For example: You're English, aren't you? You're not
German, are you?
 The statement and the tag are always separated by a comma.

Verb Agreement

 The verb in the statement should be the same tense as the verb in the tag:

Present / present You are a good singer, aren't you?

Past / past You didn't go to work yesterday, did you?

Future/ future Mary will help me, won’t she?

Present perfect /present perfect You have been to London, haven't you?

 The question tag must be asked with the pronoun, never with the noun?
 Maria is nice, isn’t Maria? Maria is nice, isn’t she?


TAG QUESTIONS EXAMPLES

1- Humans are destroying the planet, AREN’T THEY ?

2- Natalia Paris is really a beautiful model, ISN’T SHE?

3- Joe is handsome, ISNT HE?
4- Mary and Joe are my best friends, AREN’T THEY?
5- The will is safe in my safety box, ISN’T IT?
6- She didn’t come here yesterday, DID SHE?
7- We WILL be back by 9:00 p.m., WON’T WE?

8- A spray can explode if it is exposed to fire, CAN’T IT?

9- My friend Mary was in this place, WASN’T SHE?
 10- Hey, dear friends I am invited, AREN’T I?
11- I am happy, AREN’T I?
12- I am not a bad person, am I?

13- The classes give some information, DON’T THEY ?

14- Nathalie finished the homework, DIDN’T SHE?
15- You have many books in your locker, DON’T YOU?
16- The president has never been in that town, HAS HE ?
17- She has visited us several times, hasn’t she?
18- That was a bad film, WASN’T IT?
19- The movies were excellent, WEREN’T THEY?
20- You haven’t met my daughter, HAVE YOU?
21- You lived in England, DIDN’T YOU?

EXERCISES
Choose the correct tag question.
1. John doesn’t love Mary, __?
a) doesn’t he b) didn’t he c) loves her d) loves he not e) Does he

2. She is a brilliant student, __?

a) is she b) doesn’t she c) wasn’t she d) was she e) isn’t she

3. I never said I love him,

a) did we b) didn’t we c) didn’t I d) did he e) did I?

4. The girls went to Cartagena __?

a) did they b) didn’t they c) did the girls d) didn’t the girls e) to they

5. The old lady has stolen the money, __?

a) Isn’t she b) stolen she c) hasn’t she? d) didn’t she e) doesn’t she

6. There’s nothing in the fridge, ?

a. wasn’t there b) isn’t there c) can we d) was there e) is there

Complete the following statements with tag questions with modal verbs : will, should, would, can,
could

7. you should wake up earlier, ?

8. He won’t wash the car, ?

9. he can’t cook the chicken, ?

10. We will win tomorrow, ?

11. The children went to the park, ?

12. you would like a cup of coffee, ?

13. You like the coffee with sugar, ?

14. She likes the tea with milk, ?