Database Management System Lab Manual

Roll No:____
Name:__________________
Sem:_______Section______
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this file is submitted by

Shri/Ku.___________________________________________________________

Roll No.________a student of ________ year of the course __________________

______________________________________ as a part of PRACTICAL/ORAL as

prescribed by the Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University for the

subject_____________________________________ in the laboratory of

___________________________________during the academic year

_________________________ and that I have instructed him/her for the said work,

from time to time and I found him/her to be satisfactory progressive.

And that I have accessed the said work and I am satisfied that the same is up to that

standard envisaged for the course.

Date:- Signature & Name Signature & Name

of Subject Teacher of HOD

Prof. Qudsiya Naaz Page 1

Anjuman College of Engineering and Technology
Vision
 To be a centre of excellence for developing quality technocrats with moral and social
ethics, to face the global challenges for the sustainable development of society.

Mission
 To create conducive academic culture for learning and identifying career goals.
 To provide quality technical education, research opportunities and imbibe
entrepreneurship skills contributing to the socio-economic growth of the Nation.
 To inculcate values and skills, that will empower our students towards development
through technology.

Vision and Mission of the Department

Vision:
 To achieve excellent standards of quality education in the field of computer science
and engineering, aiming towards development of ethically strong technical experts
contributing to the profession in the global society.

Mission:
 To create outcome based education environment for learning and identifying career
goals.
 Provide latest tools in a learning ambience to enhance innovations, problem solving
skills, leadership qualities team spirit and ethical responsibilities.
 Inculcating awareness through innovative activities in the emerging areas of
technology.

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Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
 The graduates will have a strong foundation in mathematical, scientific and
engineering fundamentals necessary to formulate, solve and analyze engineering
problem in their career.
 Graduates will be able to create and design computer support systems and impart
knowledge and skills to analyze, design, test and implement various software
applications.
 Graduates will work productively as computer science engineers towards betterment
of society exhibiting ethical qualities.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

 Foundation of mathematical concepts: To use mathematical methodologies and
techniques for computing and solving problem using suitable mathematical analysis,
data structures, database and algorithms as per the requirement.
 Foundation of Computer System: The capability and ability to interpret and
understand the fundamental concepts and methodology of computer systems and
programming. Students can understand the functionality of hardware and software
aspects of computer systems, networks and security.
 Foundations of Software development: The ability to grasp the software development
lifecycle and methodologies of software system and project development.

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 PROGRAM: CSE DEGREE: B.E
COURSE: Database Management System SEMESTER: V CREDITS: 2
COURSE CODE: BECSE303T COURSE TYPE: REGULAR
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Practical knowledge CONTACT HOURS: 2 hours/Week.
about storage, industry
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE : LAB COURSE NAME : Database Management
BECSE303P System Lab

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
BE3S2T Advanced C Programming and Logic Design Basic Concept of C Programming III
BE4S2T Data Structures & Program Design Basic Concept of Data Structure IV

LAB COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 Students learn how to design and create a good database and use various SQL operations.
 To learn the fundamental concepts of SQL queries.
 To understand the concept of designing a database with the necessary attributes.
 To know the methodology of Accessing, Modifying and Updating data & information
from the relational databases.

COURSE OUTCOMES: Database Management System

After completion of this course the students will be able -

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
SNO DESCRIPTION
LEVEL
CO.1 Transform an information model into a relational database schema and to LEVEL 5
use a data definition language and/or utilities to implement the schema
using a DBMS.
CO.2 Use an SQL interface of a multi-user relational DBMS package to create, LEVEL 3
secure, populate, maintain, and query a database.
CO.3 Formulate query, using SQL, solutions to a broad range of query and data LEVEL 5
update problems.
CO.4 Use a desktop database package to create, populate, maintain, and query a LEVEL 3
database.
CO.5 Demonstrate a rudimentary understanding of programmatic interfaces to a LEVEL 3
database and be able to use the basic functions of one such interface. 
CO.6 Analyze an information storage problem and derive an information model LEVEL 4
expressed in the form.

Lab Instructions:

 Make entry in the Log Book as soon as you enter the Laboratory.

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  All the students should sit according to their Roll Numbers.
 All the students are supposed to enter the terminal number in the Log Book.
 Do not change the terminal on which you are working.
 Strictly observe the instructions given by the Faculty / Lab. Instructor.
 Take permission before entering in the lab and keep your belongings in the
racks.
 NO FOOD, DRINK, IN ANY FORM is allowed in the lab.
 TURN OFF CELL PHONES! If you need to use it, please keep it in bags.
 Avoid all horseplay in the laboratory. Do not misbehave in the computer
laboratory. Work quietly.
 Save often and keep your files organized.
 Don’t change settings and surf safely.
 Do not reboot, turn off, or move any workstation or PC.
 Do not load any software on any lab computer (without prior permission of
Faculty and Technical Support Personnel). Only Lab Operators and Technical
Support Personnel are authorized to carry out these tasks. 
 Do not reconfigure the cabling/equipment without prior permission.
 Do not play games on systems. 
 Turn off the machine once you are done using it.
 Violation of the above rules and etiquette guidelines will result in disciplinary
action. 

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 Continuous Assessment Practical
Exp
NAME OF EXPERIMENT Date Sign Remark
No
Study of DBMS, RDBMS, ORDBMS with
1
advantages and disadvantage.
Implement Data Definition Language (Create, Alter,

2 Drop, Truncate, and Rename) & Data Manipulation

Language (Insert, Update, and Delete).
Implement SELECT command with different clauses

3 (Where clause, having clause, Group by clause,

Order by clause).
Implement Single Row function (character, numeric,
4
data functions).
To implement Group function (AVG, MIN, MAX,
5
SUM).
Implement various types of SET operators (Union,
6
Intersect, Minus).
Implement various types of integrity constraints
(NOT NULL Constraint, DEFAULT Constraint,
7
UNIQUE Constraint, PRIMARY Key, FOREIGN
Key, CHECK Constraint).
Implement various types of joins (Left Join, Right
8
Join, Outer Join, and Inner Join).
9 Install Hadoop on Ubuntu single node cluster.
Perform word count in hadoop in single node cluster
10
using Map reduce.

CONTENTS
Exp NAME OF EXPERIMENT PAGE

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No NO.

1 Study of DBMS, RDBMS, ORDBMS with advantages and disadvantage. 8

Implement Data Definition Language (Create, Alter, Drop, Truncate, and

2 14
Rename) & Data Manipulation Language (Insert, Update, and Delete).
Implement SELECT command with different clauses (Where clause,
3 20
having clause, Group by clause, Order by clause).

4 Implement Single Row function (character, numeric, data functions). 29

5 To implement Group function (AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM). 35

6 Implement various types of SET operators (Union, Intersect, Minus). 42

Implement various types of integrity constraints (NOT NULL Constraint,

7 DEFAULT Constraint, UNIQUE Constraint, PRIMARY Key, 48

FOREIGN Key, CHECK Constraint).
Implement various types of joins (Left Join, Right Join, Outer Join, and
8 53
Inner Join).
9 Install Hadoop on Ubuntu single node cluster. 61

10 Perform word count in hadoop in single node cluster using Map reduce. 69

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 EXPERIMENT NO – 1

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Aim: Study of DBMS, RDBMS, ORDBMS with advantages and disadvantage.

Theory:
DBMS (Database Management System)
A DBMS is software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of
database, allowing users to store, process and analyze data easily. DBMS provides us
with an interface or a tool, to perform various operations like creating database,
storing data in it, updating data, creating tables in the database and a lot more.
DBMS also provides protection and security to the databases. It also maintains
data consistency in case of multiple users.
Here are some examples of popular DBMS used these days:
 MySql
 Oracle
 SQL Server
 IBM DB2
 PostgreSQL
 Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based) etc.

Characteristics of Database Management System

A database management system has following characteristics:
1. Data stored into Tables: Data is never directly stored into the database. Data is
stored into tables, created inside the database. DBMS also allows having
relationships between tables which makes the data more meaningful and
connected. You can easily understand what type of data is stored where by
looking at all the tables created in a database.
2. Reduced Redundancy: In the modern world hard drives are very cheap, but
earlier when hard drives were too expensive, unnecessary repetition of data in
database was a big problem. But DBMS follows Normalization which divides
the data in such a way that repetition is minimal.

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 3. Data Consistency: On Live data, i.e. data that is being continuously updated
and added, maintaining the consistency of data can become a challenge. But
DBMS handles it all by itself.
4. Support Multiple user and Concurrent Access: DBMS allows multiple users
to work on it (update, insert, and delete data) at the same time and still manages
to maintain the data consistency.
5. Query Language: DBMS provides users with a simple Query language, using
which data can be easily fetched, inserted, deleted and updated in a database.
6. Security: The DBMS also takes care of the security of data, protecting the data
from un-authorized access. In a typical DBMS, we can create user accounts
with different access permissions, using which we can easily secure our data by
restricting user access.
7. DBMS supports transactions, which allows us to better handle and manage
data integrity in real world applications where multi-threading is extensively
used.
Advantages of DBMS
 Segregation of application program.
 Minimal data duplicity or data redundancy.
 Easy retrieval of data using the Query Language.
 Reduced development time and maintenance need.
 With Cloud Datacenters, we now have Database Management Systems capable
of storing almost infinite data.
 Seamless integration into the application programming languages which makes
it very easier to add a database to almost any application or website.
Disadvantages of DBMS
 It's Complexity
 Except MySQL, which is open source, licensed DBMSs are generally costly.
 They are large in size.

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RDBMS (Relational Database management System)
A Relational Database management System (RDBMS) is a database
management system based on the relational model introduced by E.F Codd. In
relational model, data is stored in relations (tables) and is represented in form
of tuples (rows).
RDBMS is used to manage Relational database. Relational database is a collection of
organized set of tables related to each other, and from which data can be accessed
easily. Relational Database is the most commonly used database these days.
In relational model in which data is stored in multiple tables where tables are related to
each other using primary keys and foreign keys and indexes. RDBMS uses database
normalization techniques to avoid redundancy in tables. It helps to fetch data faster
using SQL query. It is widely used by enterprises and software developers to store
large amount of complex data
Examples:
 SQL server,
 Oracle
 MySQL
 MariaDB
 SQLite

Important Concept Related to RDBMS:

Table
In Relational database model, a table is a collection of data elements organized in
terms of rows and columns. A table is also considered as a convenient representation
of relations. But a table can have duplicate row of data while a true relation cannot
have duplicate data. Table is the simplest form of data storage. Below is an example of
an Employee table.

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 ID Name Age Salary
1 Adam 34 13000
2 Alex 28 15000
3 Stuart 20 18000
4 Ross 42 19020

Tuple
A single entry in a table is called a Tuple or Record or Row. A tuple in a table
represents a set of related data. For example, the above Employee table has 4
tuples/records/rows.
Following is an example of single record or tuple.
1 Adam 34 13000

Attribute
A table consists of several records (row), each record can be broken down into several
smaller parts of data known as Attributes. The above Employee table consists of four
attributes, ID, Name, Age and Salary.

Attribute Domain
When an attribute is defined in a relation (table), it is defined to hold only a certain
type of values, which is known as Attribute Domain. Hence, the attribute Name will
hold the name of employee for every tuple. If we save employee's address there, it will
be violation of the Relational database model.
Name

Adam

Alex Advantages of RDBMS

Stuart - 9/401, OC Street, Amsterdam  It is easy to use.

 It is secured in nature.
 The data manipulation can be done.
 It limits redundancy and replication of the data.
 It offers better data integrity.

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  It provides better physical data independence.
 It offers logical database independence i.e. data can be viewed in different ways
by the different users.
 It provides better backup and recovery procedures.
 It provides multiple interfaces.
 Multiple users can access the database which is not possible in DBMS.
Disadvantages of RDBMS
 Software is expensive.
 Complex software refers to expensive hardware and hence increases overall cost
to avail the RDBMS service.
 It requires skilled human resources to implement.
 Certain applications are slow in processing.
 It is difficult to recover the lost data.

ORDBMS (Object Relational Database Management Systems)

An object relational database management system (ORDBMS) is a database
management system with that is similar to a relational database, except that it has an
object-oriented database model. This system supports objects, classes and inheritance
in database schemas and query language.
Object relational database management systems provide a middle ground between
relational and object-oriented databases. In an ORDBMS, data is manipulated using
queries in a query language. These systems bridge the gap between conceptual data
modeling techniques such as entity relationship diagrams and object relational
mapping using classes and inheritance. ORDBMSs also support data model extensions
with custom data types and methods. This allows developers to raise the abstraction
levels at which problem domains are viewed.
ORDBMS Examples
Examples of ORDBMSs include:
 PostgreSQL. Open source ORDBMS developed by the PostgreSQL Global
Development Group.
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  Oracle Database by Oracle Corporation.
 Informix by IBM
 SQL Server by Microsoft
 Greenplum Database by Pivotal Software
Advantages of ORDBMS
 Reusable and Sharable – able to reuse the hard-coded components. Through
database servers those components can be shared among available resources.
 Ability of applying Objects with existing RDBMS models as it is – That is,
RDBMS can be extended with Object concepts without changing the underlying
models. This leads the organizations to switch over to ORDBMS concepts
easily without performing bigger migration or major changes.
 It allows users and programmers to start using object-oriented systems in
parallel.
 Object Relational Database Management Systems ensures large storage
capacity.
 Supports rich data types by adding a new object-oriented layer.
 Scalability
 Relationships are represented explicitly, often supporting both navigational and
associative access to information.
 Improved concurrency - concurrent users can safely query the same data.
 Support for Composite data types - data is bundled with its metadata.
 Improved integrity - ability to reject bad data before it is stored in an ORDBMS.
 Database extensibility - easy addition of data types and operations.
 Uniform treatment of data items - the SQL interface can perform complex
queries based on any of these data items, e.g., metadata as well as data; hence
there is less need for custom programming by users.
 Custom data access methods - e.g., R-tree indexes.
 Point-in-time recovery of data is possible.
 Built-in complex SQL functions can be provided for data operations - e.g.,
aggregating, slicing, subsetting, reprojecting, etc.
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Disadvantages of ORDBMS
 Complexity
 Increased cost
 Unclear if the ORDBMS will actually combine relationships and encapsulated
objects to correctly and completely mirror the ‘real world’.

Conclusion: Thus we, have studied DBMS, RDBMS and ORDBMS with its
advantages and disadvantages successfully.

Viva Voce Question

1. Define Database? What are DBMS and RDBMS?
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 2. What do you understand by Data Redundancy?
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3. What is the difference between DBMS and RDBMS?

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Signature of Subject Teacher

Prof. Qudsiya Naaz Page 16