Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Social Theories of Learning

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Singh
    This document provides an overview of social learning theories, including observational learning and modeling. It discusses key theorists like Albert Bandura, who researched observational learning, and Wolfgang Kohler, who studied insight learning. It also covers classical and operant conditioning, discussing influential experiments by Ivan Pavlov on classical conditioning using dogs, and John Watson's controversial "Little Albert" experiment on a human infant. Key terms and concepts are defined for both classical and operant conditioning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Social Theories of Learning

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Singh
    12 views33 pages
    This document provides an overview of social learning theories, including observational learning and modeling. It discusses key theorists like Albert Bandura, who researched observational learning, and Wolfgang Kohler, who studied insight learning. It also covers classical and operant conditioning, discussing influential experiments by Ivan Pavlov on classical conditioning using dogs, and John Watson's controversial "Little Albert" experiment on a human infant. Key terms and concepts are defined for both classical and operant conditioning.

    Original Title

    APlearningday1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of social learning theories, including observational learning and modeling. It discusses key theorists like Albert Bandura, who researched observational learning, and Wolfgang Kohler, who studied insight learning. It also covers classical and operant conditioning, discussing influential experiments by Ivan Pavlov on classical conditioning using dogs, and John Watson's controversial "Little Albert" experiment on a human infant. Key terms and concepts are defined for both classical and operant conditioning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views33 pages

    Social Theories of Learning

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Singh
    This document provides an overview of social learning theories, including observational learning and modeling. It discusses key theorists like Albert Bandura, who researched observational learning, and Wolfgang Kohler, who studied insight learning. It also covers classical and operant conditioning, discussing influential experiments by Ivan Pavlov on classical conditioning using dogs, and John Watson's controversial "Little Albert" experiment on a human infant. Key terms and concepts are defined for both classical and operant conditioning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    Unit 5: Learning

    Topic: Social Theories of Learning


    key name

    Albert BANDURA
    b. 1925

    •Researched social theories of


    learning (a.k.a. observational learning or modeling)
    •Conducted the famous “Bobo
    the clown” experiment
    1887-1967 key name

    Wolfgang KOHLER
    •Insight learning. Argued
    that animals do not simply
    learn through trial and error
    but from insight learning
    (a.k.a. the “aha!” moment)
    Kohler’s Experiment

    PROBLEM: Food has been placed beyond the


    reach of the chimps, outside a closed pen.
    The chimps behavior all seemed to follow a similar
    pattern that suggested to Kohler that the chimps
    were demonstrating insight and planning
    1. failure
    the chimp jumps fruitlessly at bananas that have been hung out of
    reach

    2. pause
    after a period of unsuccessful jumping, the chimp apparently
    becomes angry or frustrated, walks away in seeming disgust, pauses

    3. look at the potential tools


    the chimp looks at the food in what might be a more reflective way, then
    at the toys in the enclosure, then back at the food, and then at the toys
    again.

    4. the attempt
    the animal begins to use the toys to get at the food
    Insight is also know as an
    “Aha! Moment” or “Lightbulb Moment”
    Unit 5: Learning
    Associative learning*: learning that two
    events are linked together. Both classical and
    operant conditioning are types of associative
    learning.
    Unit 5: Learning

    Topic: Classical Conditioning

    “Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies

    It’s a matter of instinct,


    a matter of conditioning,
    a matter of fact.
    You can call me Pavlov’s dog.
    Ring a bell and I’ll salivate,
    How’d you like that?”
    1849-1936 key name

    Ivan PAVLOV
    •discovered classical
    conditioning
    •conducted the famous
    salivating dog experiment
    Dog in Pavlov’s Apparatus (clip)
    Pavlov’s Dog Experiment

    NS (neutral stimulus): tuning fork / bell

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) sight of food

    UCR (unconditioned response) salivation

    CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork / bell

    CR (conditioned response) salivation


    Every time I go near the cabinet where Rover’s
    treats are kept, Rover comes and sits,
    waiting for a treat.
    NS (neutral stimulus): cabinet

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) treats

    UCR (unconditioned response) come and sit

    CS (conditioned stimulus) cabinet

    CR (conditioned response) come and sit


    Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4-
    years-old. Now, every time he hears the song,
    “da-duh, dah-duh, da-duh…) he gets anxious.
    NS (neutral stimulus): “da-duh”

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) scary movie

    UCR (unconditioned response) fear / anxiety

    CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh”

    CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety


    Pavlov's Dog in the Office
    Pavlov’s Dog – the Office

    NS (neutral stimulus): “computer sound”

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) offer of mint

    UCR (unconditioned response) put hand out

    CS (conditioned stimulus) “computer sound”

    CR (conditioned response) put hand out


    Lemonade Activity*
    More Classical Conditioning Terminology

    extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS

    Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song?

    CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh”

    CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety


    More Classical Conditioning Terminology

    Reappearance of an extinguished
    spontaneous response after a rest period
    recovery
    CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh”

    CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety

    Time Passes

    CS (conditioned stimulus) “da-duh”

    CR (conditioned response) fear / anxiety


    More Classical Conditioning Terminology

    generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses

    Remember Pavlov’s dog example?

    CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork


    Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells,
    alarm clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED.

    CR (conditioned response) salivation


    More Classical Conditioning Terminology

    learned ability to distinguish between a CS


    discrimination and other similar stimuli

    Remember Pavlov’s dog example?

    CS (conditioned stimulus) tuning fork

    CR (conditioned response) salivation


    The dog only salivates when he hears that particular
    tuning fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks,
    or music. The dog has DISCRIMINATED.
    More Classical Conditioning Terminology

    extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS

    Reappearance of an extinguished
    spontaneous response after a rest period
    recovery
    generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses

    learned ability to distinguish between


    discrimination a CS and other similar stimuli
    Can I Get A Volunteer to Be
    Conditioned?*
    “Water in the Face Demo”

    NS (neutral stimulus): The word “CAN”

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) Spray

    UCR (unconditioned response) Wincing at spray

    CS (conditioned stimulus) The word “CAN”

    CR (conditioned response) Wincing at “CAN”


    1878-1958 key name

    John WATSON
    •founder of Behaviorism
    •conducted the famous &
    controversial “Little Albert”
    experiment
    • Little Albert Video
    Turn off sound!
    Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment

    NS (neutral stimulus): furry things

    UCS (unconditioned stimulus) loud noise

    UCR (unconditioned response) startled

    CS (conditioned stimulus) furry things

    CR (conditioned response) startled


    Comparing
    Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning
    • Behavior affected is • Behavior affected is
    usually INVOLUNTARY usually VOLUNTARY

    • Key events are • Key events are


    PRESENTED to the PRODUCED by the
    learner learner
    • Events CAUSE the • Events CONTROL the
    behavior behavior

    • The learner does not • The learner has a


    have a choice choice
    Pigeon ping-pong
    Schedules of Reinforcement
    (pigeon pecking behavior)

    Shaping pigeon turning


    behavior
    Training a puppy to roll over
    • Shaping a dog's behavior - the clicker
    technique
    Unit 5: Learning

    Topic: Operant Conditioning

    You might also like