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Advanced Statistics Lesson 4 Methods of Collecting Data Population and Sample

The document discusses methods of collecting data, population, and samples. It describes 5 methods of collecting data: direct or interview method, indirect or questionnaire method, registration method, observation method, and experimentation. It defines population as a collection of objects, events, or individuals with specified characteristics under consideration, while a sample is a subset selected from the population. The document provides examples of populations and explains the importance of samples representing the characteristics of the overall population.

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Kevin Mangligot
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
149 views

Advanced Statistics Lesson 4 Methods of Collecting Data Population and Sample

The document discusses methods of collecting data, population, and samples. It describes 5 methods of collecting data: direct or interview method, indirect or questionnaire method, registration method, observation method, and experimentation. It defines population as a collection of objects, events, or individuals with specified characteristics under consideration, while a sample is a subset selected from the population. The document provides examples of populations and explains the importance of samples representing the characteristics of the overall population.

Uploaded by

Kevin Mangligot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name:

Grade: Section: Date:

Methods of Collecting data, Population and Sample

Let Us Learn!
Today you will learn advanced statistics. At the end of this activity, you will know the
methods of collecting data, population and sample. Have fun in doing the task that will
lead in achieving the objective in this activity.

Let Us Study Now!


In this phase, you will learn the methods of collecting data, population and sample.

Methods of Collecting Data, Population and Sample


1. Direct or Interview Method – is a person- to- person interaction between an interviewer
and an interviewee. Tape recorded or written interviews will help the researcher obtain
exact information from the interviewee.

Advantages: Precise and consistent answers can be obtained by modifying or


rephrasing the questions especially to illiterate respondents or to children under
study.

Disadvantages: It is time, money, and effort consuming and it will be applicable only
for small population, except when conducting a census.

2. Indirect or Questionnaire Method- is an alternative method for the interview method.


Written responses are obtained by distributing questionnaires ( a list of questions
intended to elicit answers to a given problem, must be given in a logical order and not
too personal ) to the respondents through mail or hand-carry.

Advantages: Lesser time, money, and efforts are consumed.

Disadvantages: Many responses may not be consistent due to the poor construction of
the questionnaire. The meaning of the questions may be different from each
respondent. Inconsistent responses can no longer be modified, thus, it reduces valid
number of respondents.

3. Registration Method- is enforced by private organizations or government agencies for


recording purposes.

Advantages: Organized data from an institution can serve as ready references for
future study or for personal claims of peoples’ records.

Disadvantages: Problem arises only when an agency doesn’t have a Management


Information System and if the system or process of registration is not implemented
well.
4. Observation Method- is a scientific method of investigation that makes possible use of
all senses to measure or obtain outcomes /responses from the object of study.
Advantages: Observation method is usually applied to respondents that cannot be
asked or need not to speak, specially when behaviors of persons/culture of
organization/performance outcomes of employees/students are to be considered.

Disadvantages: Subjectivity of information sought cannot be avoided.


5. Experimentation- is used when the objective is to determine the cause and effect of a
certain phenomenon under some controlled conditions.

Advantages: There is objectivity of information since a scientific method of inquiry is


used. An equal number of respondents with relatively similar characteristics are being
examined to obtain the different effects of something applied to the experimental
group.

Disadvantages: It’s too difficult to find respondents with almost similar characteristics.
The whole method must be repeated if the desired outcome is not reached.
Data that are collected by these methods are usually referred to as raw data.
Respondents out from taped interviews, answered questionnaires, furnished registration
forms, recorded observations, and result from an experiment are considered raw data
since they are not yet recognized and presented in a form ready for interpretation. These
data can only be understood if appropriate forms of presentation are adopted. This will be
discussed further in the next chapter.
Population and Sample
In statistical usage, the word population is a finite or infinite collection of objects,
events, or individuals with specified class or characteristics under consideration, such as
students in a certain university, legitimate taxi drivers in Metro Manila, cellular phone
users, etc. When investigation of the entire population is difficult due to material
constraints like time, money, and efforts, a sample or group of samples is drawn to
represent the population under study. A sample therefore is a finite or limited collection of
objects, events, or individuals selected from a population. This sample is expected to
possess characteristics identical to those of the population, otherwise, the validity and
reliability of information regarding the population will be in question. A capital letter “N” is
used to denote population size whereas small letter “n” denotes sample size.
The symbols that denote some statistical tools to avoid confusion in their usage.
The Greek letter µ (read as miu), σ (sigma), σ 2 (sigma squared), and ρ(rho) are used for
parameters, that is, any numerical value describing a characteristic of a sample.
Let Us Assess Ourselves!
Answer the following questions:

1. What are the methods in collecting data?


2. What is the disadvantage of using registration method?
3. What do you call a finite or infinite collection of events or individuals with specified
class or characteristics under considerations.
4. What are the parameters used by the Greek in describing characteristic of a
population?
5. If you are going to collect data what method will you use and why? Explain

Let Us Reflect On This!


To have a reflection in the learnings that you have in this activity, please complete the
sentence below. When reading and studying the methods of Collecting data,
population and sample I learned that
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Writer: Bryan J. Animo, MT-I
Illustrator: Bryan J. Animo, MT -I
Template developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz, PDO II – LRMS, Davao del Norte

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