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    Seven Theories of Climate Change

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    Md. Abrar Mahir, 170021028
    The document discusses seven theories of climate change: 1) Anthropocentric global warming theory which argues that human activities that increase greenhouse gases cause climate change. 2) Bio-thermostat theory which suggests plants and soils can sequester more carbon as CO2 increases, balancing temperatures. 3) Cloud formation and albedo theory that increased CO2 leads to more aerosols and clouds that reflect solar radiation. 4) Human forcing besides greenhouse gases such as urban heat islands and deforestation that impact temperatures. 5) Ocean current theory where weak ocean currents allow the upper ocean to accumulate heat over decades, warming the globe. 6) Planetary motion theory that variations in Earth's orbit

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    Seven Theories of Climate Change

    Uploaded by

    Md. Abrar Mahir, 170021028
    209 views16 pages
    The document discusses seven theories of climate change: 1) Anthropocentric global warming theory which argues that human activities that increase greenhouse gases cause climate change. 2) Bio-thermostat theory which suggests plants and soils can sequester more carbon as CO2 increases, balancing temperatures. 3) Cloud formation and albedo theory that increased CO2 leads to more aerosols and clouds that reflect solar radiation. 4) Human forcing besides greenhouse gases such as urban heat islands and deforestation that impact temperatures. 5) Ocean current theory where weak ocean currents allow the upper ocean to accumulate heat over decades, warming the globe. 6) Planetary motion theory that variations in Earth's orbit

    Original Title

    HUM 4621 Lecture 07

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    The document discusses seven theories of climate change: 1) Anthropocentric global warming theory which argues that human activities that increase greenhouse gases cause climate change. 2) Bio-thermostat theory which suggests plants and soils can sequester more carbon as CO2 increases, balancing temperatures. 3) Cloud formation and albedo theory that increased CO2 leads to more aerosols and clouds that reflect solar radiation. 4) Human forcing besides greenhouse gases such as urban heat islands and deforestation that impact temperatures. 5) Ocean current theory where weak ocean currents allow the upper ocean to accumulate heat over decades, warming the globe. 6) Planetary motion theory that variations in Earth's orbit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    209 views16 pages

    Seven Theories of Climate Change

    Uploaded by

    Md. Abrar Mahir, 170021028
    The document discusses seven theories of climate change: 1) Anthropocentric global warming theory which argues that human activities that increase greenhouse gases cause climate change. 2) Bio-thermostat theory which suggests plants and soils can sequester more carbon as CO2 increases, balancing temperatures. 3) Cloud formation and albedo theory that increased CO2 leads to more aerosols and clouds that reflect solar radiation. 4) Human forcing besides greenhouse gases such as urban heat islands and deforestation that impact temperatures. 5) Ocean current theory where weak ocean currents allow the upper ocean to accumulate heat over decades, warming the globe. 6) Planetary motion theory that variations in Earth's orbit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    Seven Theories of

    Climate Change

    HUM
    4621:
    Lecture
    07
    Climate and Climate Change

    Atmosphere – the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or


    another planet.

    Weather – what is happening right now in the atmosphere. It’s a


    combination of Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Cloudiness,
    Visibility, Wind and Atmospheric pressure.
    Or
    Weather – is the condition of the outside air or atmosphere at a
    particular time and place

    Climate – is the statistics of the environment over time. It can


    include seasonal cycle, extreme events, year to year variations

    Overall weather pattern of precipitation and air temperature in an


    specific area over time.

    01
    Climate and Climate Change

    Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of


    climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an
    extended period (decades or longer).

     Climate change may result from:


     natural factors, such as changes in the sun's intensity or slow
    changes in the Earth's orbit around the sun;
     natural processes within the climate system (e.g. changes in
    ocean circulation);
     human activities that change the atmosphere's composition
    (e.g. through burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (e.g.
    deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, desertification, etc.)

    02
    Climate and Climate Change

    Seven Theories of Climate Change

    1. Anthropocentric Global Warning Theory


    2. Bio-thermostat Theory of Climate Change
    3. Cloud Formation and Albedo
    4. Human Forcing Besides Greenhouse Gases
    5. Ocean Current
    6. Planetary Motion
    7. Solar Variability
    03
    Climate and Climate Change

    Seven Theories of Climate Change


    1. Anthropocentric Global Warning Theory
    2. Bio-thermostat Theory of Climate Change
    Carbon Sequestration
    The more CO2 there is in the air, the better plants grow and the more CO2
    they remove from the air and store in their leaves, branches, trunks, and roots, as
    well as in the soil beneath the plants – a suite of processes called “sequestration.”
    Works for natural balance.
    Carbonyl Sulfide
    Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a biologically produced sulfur gas emitted from soils.
    Diffuse Light
    higher levels of CO2 promote greater plant productivity, plants emit greater
    amounts of gases converted into aerosols called “biosols.”

    Iodocompounds + Dimethyl Sulfide + Other Aerosols


    04
    Carbon Sequestration

    05
    Climate and Climate Change
    3. Cloud Formation and Albedo
    The albedo refer to the reflectivity of a surface such as the snow, ice, sand or
    the clouds which reflect up to 85 percent of the solar radiation back out into
    the space.

    06
    4. Human Forcing Besides Greenhouse Gases
    transformation of Earth’s surface by clearing forests, irrigating deserts, and
    building cities.
    Urban Heat Islands
    Cities tend to be warmer than suburbs, and suburbs warmer than rural
    areas, because they have greater concentrations of energy-producing
    machines and vehicles and large amounts of concrete, asphalt, and other
    building and road materials that absorb solar energy and then re-emit thermal
    Energy.

    07
    Aerosols and ozone
    Anthropogenic aerosols and ozone have shorter lifetimes than greenhouse
    gases, and therefore their concentrations are higher in source regions and
    downwind.
    Deforestation
    releases CO2 into the atmosphere and prevents forests from sequestering
    carbon in the future. The pasture or crop land that replaces the forest lacks
    the shade created by a forest canopy and tends to be warmer.

    About 7,900
    square kilometers
    in 10 Years
    Brazilian Amazon

    08
    Climate and Climate Change

    Coastal development
    Anthropogenic activities in coastal areas such as logging, agriculture,
    construction, mining, drilling, dredging, and tourism all can increase or (more
    rarely) decrease surface temperatures of nearby bodies of water.
    Jet contrails
    jets often leave trails behind them, called contrails (short for “condensation
    trails”). Composed of water vapor, they precipitate the creation of low clouds
    that have a net warming effect.

    5. Ocean Current
    When the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) is relatively weak the earth-system
    typically has less net evaporation cooling and less deep ocean upwelling of cold
    water. At these times, energy accumulates in the ocean’s upper mixed layer and
    over a period of a decade or two the global ocean begins to warm.

    09
    Global Ocean Current

    10
    Ocean Current, Atlantic

    11
    Climate and Climate Change
    6. Planetary Motion
    planetary motion was first suggested by a Serbian astrophysicist, Milutin
    Milankovitch, and published in 1941. Earth’s orbit around the sun takes the form of
    an ellipse, not a circle.
    The shape or “eccentricity” of Earth’s orbit also varies on cycles of 100,000 and
    400,000 years due to the tug of other planets, specifically Jupiter and Saturn, on
    Earth. Earth also spins around an axis that tilts lower and then higher during a
    41,000-year cycle. More “tilt” roughly means warmer northern hemisphere in
    summers and colder winters; less “tilt” means cooler summers and milder winters.

    12
    13
    7. Solar Variability
    Active mixing of gases on the near-surface of the Sun,- changes in the number of
    sunspots,- causes changes in the radiant energy emitted. Solar flares, which are
    bursts of energetic particles and radiation from the surface of the Sun. These events
    cause an outflowing of charged particles – called “solar wind” – that reaches Earth
    and its atmosphere. Solar wind affects galactic cosmic rays, which in turn affect cloud
    formation. Changes in cloud formation are linked to variations in sea surface
    temperatures, wind patterns, and the oceans’ thermohaline circulation.

    14
    Welcoming Q & A !!

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