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Assignment 1 - Gene Regulation - Edpuzzle Video With Questions

The document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes. It explains that some genes are expressed through transcription but not translation. It defines key terms like regulatory sequences, operons, and corepressors. It then describes the lac and trp operons as examples of positive and negative gene regulation. The lac operon induces expression of beta-galactosidase in the presence of lactose. The trp operon represses expression of tryptophan synthesis genes in the presence of tryptophan. Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex, involving transcription factors from outside the nucleus.

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Thuy Dinh
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100 views

Assignment 1 - Gene Regulation - Edpuzzle Video With Questions

The document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes. It explains that some genes are expressed through transcription but not translation. It defines key terms like regulatory sequences, operons, and corepressors. It then describes the lac and trp operons as examples of positive and negative gene regulation. The lac operon induces expression of beta-galactosidase in the presence of lactose. The trp operon represses expression of tryptophan synthesis genes in the presence of tryptophan. Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex, involving transcription factors from outside the nucleus.

Uploaded by

Thuy Dinh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1 - Gene Regulation - Edpuzzle video with questions

- "Express" a gene

+ Replicate a gene or in other words, make two copies of it.


*** Some genes do not code for proteins.
Example : A gene for rRNA will be expressed by being transcribed to RNA. But that
transcript will not be translated. So, technically, gene expression need not, in
some cases, lead to a protein being made.
- Terminology
+ A regulatory sequence (for example : a promoter,…) is found just "above" or
before a gene
+ An operon is a unit of DNA contain genes controlled by a promoter.
+ A corepressor is a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch
an operon off and binds allosterically to the site (for example : Tryptophan and
lactose) .

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes can alter enzyme production (gene expression) in


response to their environment.  
- Operon
+ The lac operon (Positive control)
There are three genes, lac Z, Y and A, placed right next to each other (Each makes
protein and then breaks down the lactose). There is a regulatory sequence called the
promoter before them. In the middle of them is an operator, work as an on-off switch
with a repressor fit into.
No lactose present:
 Because the operator is in off position, can’t make the gene.
Lactose present: Lactose fits in the repressor, changing the shape of the repressor,
makes it no longer fits in the operator
 Because the operator is in on position, make gene: RNA polymerase can fit in the
promoter, making protein -> then those proteins will break down the lactose.
When the lactose gone, the repressor go back to its original shape, now the operator
is in off position.
*** So the purpose of the lac operon is so that the cell can metabolize lactose into
glucose (if short on glucose) and it does so by making and enzyme beta-
galactosidase which breaks lactose into glucose for glycolysis.
 
*** So the lac operon (remember this is bacteria in your system doing this)
induces gene expression for beta-galactosidase enzyme but is always OFF (called
an inducible operon) until the environment changes and the inducer - the lactose -
inactivates the repressor.

+ The trp operon (Negative control)


There are five genes, from trp A-trpE, placed right next to each other. Each makes
protein and then makes the tryptophan. There is a regulatory sequence called the
promoter before them. In the middle of them is an operator, work as an on-off switch
with a repressor fit into
 Tryptophan present : Because the operator is in off position, can’t make the
gene.
No tryptophan present : the repressor changes shape
 Because the operator is in on position, make gene : RNA polymerase can fit in the
promoter, making protein -> then those proteins will make tryptophan.
When tryptophan present, the repressor go back to its original shape, now the operator
is in off position.

- (Wrong answers) Correct statements about gene regulation :


1) lactose binds to the repressor, changing its shape (an allosteric interaction)
the presence of lactose inactivates the repressor
transcription can go ahead when the repressor is not bound to the operator
2) gene regulation in eukaryotes
+ more complex than in prokaryotes
+ involve transcription factors from outside the nucleus

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