Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs

Fact Sheet No. 7.229 Gardening Series| Trees and Shrubs

by J.E. Klett, C.R. Wilson and S. Carter*

Plants that will prosper in Colorado’s in xeric conditions, many plants need at Quick Facts
climate without benefit of ample irrigation least two growing seasons to establish.
require careful selection. This is especially Water during establishment, then gradually • Select trees and shrubs for
true of woody trees and shrubs that reduce irrigation. xeric landscapes based on
are more expensive investments than Adequate soil drainage plays an both adaptation to Colorado’s
herbaceous plants, both in terms of money important role in preventing soils from climate and the ability to
and time to grow. water logging, which leaves no room for prosper in reduced water
As a long-term investment, select and oxygen. Conduct a subsoil drainage test by situations.
plant trees and shrubs only after careful digging an 18 x 18 inch hole, filling it with
evaluation of the site’s soil, drainage and water and timing how long it takes to drain. • Assess site soil, drainage
exposure to heat and wind. While some Water that stands in the hole for more irrigation method and
xeric plants tolerate reduced water, they than 30 minutes indicates poor drainage. If exposure before selecting
may not function well in soils low in amending the soil doesn’t solve drainage trees and shrubs.
oxygen. Many of the state’s dense clay problems, drain tile or planting on berms
soils have minimal room to accommodate (mounds) of well-drained soil brought to • Apply adequate water
enough water and oxygen to meet plant the site may be other solutions. Build berms during the first years of plant
root needs. Preparing soils by adding to a minimum height of 24 inches. establishment, then gradually
organic amendments prior to planting can Some trees and shrubs may perform reduce irrigation.
often overcome water-oxygen concerns poorly in hot south or windy west
• Woody plants are a long-term
during initial establishment. Reduced water exposures and are better sited in cooler
using trees and shrubs are best planted in east or north exposure. investment.
areas separate from lawns, unless lawns are The following list of durable trees
also a reduced water use type. Regardless of and shrubs will prosper in reduced water
how durable woody plants are for survival situations. For more specifics, check with
your local extension office for the best
plants for your area and microclimate.

See tables 1-4

for tree and shrub
recommendations

*
J.E. Klett, Colorado State University Extension landscape
horticulturist and professor, department of horticulture
and landscape architecture; C.R. Wilson, Extension ©Colorado State University
horticulture agent, Denver County. Revised from original Extension. 10/99. Revised 12/16.
fact sheet authored by J.R. Feucht. 7/2009. Updated
12/2016 by S.Carter, horticulture Extension agent, Tri- www.ext.colostate.edu
River Area.
Table 1. Large trees for xeriscapes.
Height/
Plant name Spread (ft) Growth Rate Comments
Acer negundo 40 x 30 F Fast growing shade tree for harsh sites. ‘Sensation’ is a seedless male
Boxelder tree that doesn’t attract boxelder bugs, yellow to red-orange fall color.
Catalpa speciosa 50 x 35 M Large, heart-shaped leaves with fragrant white flowers in June followed
Western catalpa by long, thin seed pods.
Celtis occidentalis 45 x 45 M Irregular habit when young maturing to rounded crown. Distinctive
Common hackberry knobby bark. Trees shed leaves during drought. Red-purple berries.
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 35 to 55 x M Many varieties available that vary in size.
Thornless honeylocust 25 to 45 Thornless and many varieties podless. Fine textured foliage turns
yellow in fall.
Gymnocladus dioicus 55 x 35 S Large compound leaves. Females bear seedpods that remain on
Kentucky coffeetree trees through winter. Ridged bark, stout branches and coarse
winter texture.
Juniperus scopulorum 30 x 15 S Native evergreen with blue-green foliage. Berry-like cones that
Rocky Mountain juniper are dark blue in the second year. Prefers full sun. Many varieties.
Koelreuteria paniculata 30 x 30 M Compound leaves emerge red turn to green. Yellow clusters of
Goldenrain tree flowers in summer are followed by lantern-like fruit.
Pinus aristata 35 x 20 S Native evergreen with dark pine green needles bearing white
Bristlecone pine flecks.
Pinus ponderosa 60 x 30 M Native evergreen with long, yellow-green needles in clusters
Ponderosa pine of two or three. Plate-like bark is cinnamon to dark brown.
Quercus macrocarpa 70 x 60 M Fiddle-shaped leaves borne on stout, corky-ridged branches.
Bur oak Adapts to alkaline soils. Distinctive fringed acorns.
Robinia pseudoacacia 35 x 25 M Compound leaves emerge with purple tint. Dark purple
‘Purple Robe’ locust fragrant flowers in May to June. Very susceptible to locust borer.

Table 2. Small trees for xeriscapes.

Height/
Plant name Spread (ft) Growth Rate Comments
Acer grandidentatum 25 x 25 S Small tree or large shrub. Tolerant of dry and alkaline soils.
Bigtooth maple (Wasatch maple) Dark green leaves turn red-yellow fall color.
Acer tataricum 20 x 20 M Single or multi-stemmed tree. Pink to red winged seeds in
Tatarian maple summer with yellow fall color. Tolerates alkaline soils. ‘Hot Wings’
is a newer variety with distinctive red fruits and reddish fall color.
Crataegus ambigua 20 x 15 M Lightly thorned tree with finely cut, glossy green leaves. Clusters
Russian hawthorn of white flowers followed by bright red fruits.
Crataegus crus-galli inermis 15 x 15 M Thornless horizontal branches bear glossy leaves, white flowers
Thornless cockspur hawthorn and persistent red fruit.
Pinus edulis 25 x 15 S-M Native, bushy evergreen with gray-green, stiff needles. Bears
Pinyon pine small, rounded cones with edible seeds.
Prunus armeniaca 20 x 20 M Glossy, heart-shaped leaves cover a broad, spreading tree. Early,
Apricot white-pink blossoms, rarely bares fruit due to spring frosts.
Pyrus ussuriensis 25 x 20 M White flower clusters produced before dark green leaves that
Ussurian pear turn yellow in fall. ‘Prairie Gem’ is a dense tree with an upright,
oval form and strong branching.
Quercus gambelii 20 x 12 M Native large shrub or small tree with irregular spreading branches
Gambel oak dark green leaves and tan acorns.

Table 3. Evergreen xeriscape trees.

Height/
Plant name Spread (ft) Growth Rate Comments
Cupressus arizonica 60 x 30 M Cone spaped evergreen tree with grayish to bluish green scale-like
Arizona Cypress foliage, does well in the Grand Junction area.
Juniperus monosperma 30 x 30 S Native shrubby evergreen with dark blue to purple or brown berry-like
One Seeded Juniper cones, and dark green scalelike foliage. Culturally significant. Grows at
5,000-7,000’ elevation.
Juniperus scopulorum 30 x 15 S Native evergreen with blue-green foliage. Berry-like cones that are dark
Rocky Mountain Juniper blue in the second year. Prefers full sun. Many varieties. Sea level to
9000’ elevation.
Juniperus utahensis 25 x 25 S Native short evergreen tree that is very long lived. Juvenile foliage is
Utah Juniper needle-like. This tree has a large taproot and doesn’t produce seed till
about 30 years old. Elevations of 3,000-8,000’.
Pinus aristata 35 x 20 S Native evergreen with dark pine green needles bearing white flecks,
Bristlecone pine arranged around the branches. Grows in elevations up to 11,700’ (tree
line).
Pinus edulis 25 x 15 S-M Native, bushy evergreen with gray-green, stiff needles. Bears small,
Pinyon pine rounded cones with edible seeds. 4,500-8,000’ elevation.
Pinus ponderosa 60 x 30 M Native evergreen with long, yellow-green needles in clusters of two or
Ponderosa Pine three. Plate-like bark is cinnamon to dark brown. Grows sea level to
about 9,000’ elevation.
Table 4. Shrubs for xeriscapes.
Height
Plant name Spread (ft) Flower color/month Comments
Amorpha canescens 3 x 4 Purple/Jul-Aug Silver-gray foliage, fine texture, fruit not important
Leadplant
Artemisia cana 5 x 3 Yellow/Aug-Sept Stiff, upright branches, slender gray leaves, native of Colorado
Silver artemesia mountain meadows
Artemisia tridentata 10 x 6 Yellow/Aug-Sept Silver, aromatic foliage; bark shreds with age, native
Big sage
Atriplex canescens 5x 4 Yellow/Jul-Aug Gray green leaves, upright spreading form, four winged fruit on
Saltbush female plants, tolerates alkaline soil
Berberis thunbergii 3 x 5 Yellow/Apr-May Dwarf and purple leafed forms available, site in good light, single
Japanese barberry spines, red persistent fruit
Berberis x ‘Tara’ Emerald 4 x 5 Yellow-Apr-May Rounded form, arching branches, prefers sun, red persistent
Carousel ™ fruit, orange to red fall foliage color appears early and lasts long,
Emerald Carousel barberry good for alkaline soils
Buddleia alternifolia 10 x 8 Violet/May-Jun Arching form, silver-gray foliage, fine texture, flowers on old wood,
‘Argentea’ - Silver attracts butterflies, extremely hardy
Fountain butterflybush
Caragana arborescens 12 x 10 Yellow/May-Jun Upright, olive-green branches, bears small spines, produces pea-
Siberian peashrub like pods, tolerant of poor soils and windy sites
Caryopteris x clandonensis 4 x 4 Blue-violet to Silver green foliage, upright branches, persistent dry tan fruit,
Blue mist spirea purple/Jul-Sept attracts bees
Cercocarpus ledifolius 20 x 12 Cream yellow/Apr Large shrub or small upright tree, evergreen foliage, seeds
Curlleaf mountain-mahogany not showy with twisted, feathery tails; Foothills native
Cercocarpus montanus 8 x 6 Cream yellow/Apr - Open spreading growth habit, gray-green leaves, feathery
Mountain-mahogany May, not showy twisted seed tails in late summer
Chamaebatiaria millefolium 5 x 6 White/Jun-Jul Fern-like gray green leaves, fine-textured and aromatic, rounded
Fernbush form
Chrysothamnus spp. 6 x 6 Yellow/Aug-Sep Open, rounded form, green to white stems, silvery green leaves,
Rabbitbrush reseeds
Cowania mexicana 6 x 6 Creamy Whiter Upright semi-evergreen shrub, gray-green leaves, feathery seed
Cliff rose Apr-May tails
Elaeagnus umbellata 15 x 15 Silvery flowers Large spreading shrub, green leaves with silvery undersides,
Autumn-olive Apr-May may sucker and spread
Ephedra equisetina 4 x 5 Not important Upright leafless stems are blue-green year round, red berries
Bluestem jointfir midsummer on female plants, vigorous spreader
Fallugia paradoxa 5 x 5 White/May-Aug Small leaves, fine-textured, whitish stems, rose-colored feathery-
Apache plume tailed seeds, some suckering
Fendlera rupicola 5 x 5 White/Jun Glossy foliage, new reddish bark turns gray with age, upright
Cliff fendlerbush irregular growth, fragrant flowers
Forestiera neomexicana 12 x 10 Yellow/Apr Erect arching branches, rounded form, blue-black fruit on female,
New Mexican privet yellow fall color
Hippophae rhamnoides 18 x 12 Yellow/Mar-Apr Upright, spreading shrub with slender thorns, narrow silvery
Sea-buckthorn leaves, orange fruit on females persists into winter
Holodiscus dumosus 4 x 4 White/May-Jun Upright spreading habit, fine-textured foliage turns red in fall,
Rock spirea rust colored seedheads in fall
Juniperus spp. Many sizes Not important Available in many foliage colors, forms and textures, see
Juniper Evergreen Shrubs fact sheet 7.414
Ligustrum vulgare 10 x 6 White/Jun-Jul Upright, rapid grower, dark green foliage, black fruit in late
‘Cheyenne’ , Cheyenne privet summer into winter, used for hedges, fragrant flowers
Pinus mugo Many sizes Not important Many forms and growth habits, see Evergreen shrubs fact sheet
Mugo pine 7.414
Potentilla fruticosa 4x4 Yellow/White/Pink Compact, spreading and upright forms, varied foliage color, full
Cinquefoil (potentilla) Jun-frost sun for best flowering
Prunus besseyi 6 x 6 White/Apr-May Upright rounded form, gray green leaves, purplish black fruit,
Sand cherry red fall color
Rhus glabra cismontana 6 x 6 Yellow/Jun-Jul Rounded, suckering shrub, red fall color, fuzzy maroon
Smooth sumac persistent fruit
Rhus trilobata 6 x 6 Yellow, May Dense rounded shrub, three-lobed leaves turn orange to red in
Threeleaf sumac fall, some red fruit
Rubus deliciosus 6 x 6 White/May-Jun Slender arching branches form vase-shaped habit, small purple
Boulder raspberry fruit in late summer
Shepherdia argentea 15 x 12 Yellow/Apr-May Dense spreading branches with spines, silvery-green leaves,
Silver buffaloberry yellow to orange-red berries on female plants
Symphoricarpos albus 4 x 4 White/Jun Arching, spreading habit with blue-green foliage, white blue-green
Snowberry foliage, white berries persist, suckers
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii 3 x 6 Pink/Jun Spreading growth habit with blue-green fine textured foliage,
‘Hancock’ red berries persist. excellent ground cover
Hancock coralberry
Syringa vulgaris 15 x 12 Purple/Apr-May Upright vase-shaped form, heart-shaped blue-green leaves
Common lilac
Viburnum lantana 12 x 10 White/May Broad rounded form, dark green, leathery foliage with deep set
Wayfaring tree viburnum veins, crimson fruit turns black in fall, burgundy red fall color

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