Equations and inequalities, Mixed Exercise 3

1 a 2kx − y = 4 (1) 3 b So the solutions are

4kx + 3y = −2 (2) ( − 115 , − 85 ) and (3, 1)
Multiply equation (1) by 2 to give
4kx − 2y = 8 (3)
4 a Rearrange x + y = 2 to give:
Subtract equation (2) from equation (3)
y=2–x
−5y = 10
x2 + x(2 − x) − (2 − x)2 = −1
y = −2
x + 2x − x2 − 4 + 4x − x2 + 1 = 0
2

−x2 + 6x − 3 = 0
b Using (1), 2kx + 2 = 4:
x2 − 6x + 3 = 0
2kx = 2
1
x= b Using the quadratic formula:
k
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2 Rearrange x + 2y = 3 to give: 2a
x= 3 − 2 y 6 ± 36 − 12
x=
Substitute into x 2 − 4 y 2 =
−33 : 2
(3 − 2 y )
2
− 4 y2 =
−33 6 ± 24
x=
2
9 − 12 y + 4 y 2 − 4 y 2 =
−33
6 ± 4× 6
−12 y = −33 − 9 x=
2
−12 y = −42
6±2 6
y = 72 x=
2
Substitute into x= 3 − 2 y : x= 3 ± 6
x =3 − 7 =−4
So the solution is x =−4, y = 7
2 Substitute into y = 2 – x.

3 a Rearrange x - 2y = 1 to give:
(
y =2 − 3 ± 6 )
x= 1+ 2 y y –1 ± 6
=
2
Substitute into 3 xy − y =
8:
3 y (1 + 2 y ) − y 2 =
8 5 a 9 3=
= 2
, so 3x (3 )2 y −1

3y + 6 y2 − y2 =
8 32( y −1)
⇒ 3x =
5 y2 + 3y − 8 =0
Equate powers:
b (5 y + 8)( y − 1) = 0 x 2( y − 1)
=
y= − 85 or y = 1 ⇒ x = 2y − 2
Substitute into x = 1 + 2 y .
When y = − 85 , x =−
1 165 =− 115
When y =1, x =1 + 2 =3

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
5 b =
x 2y − 2  k 
2 2
7 a kx 2 − x 1 + x  + (k + 1) x =
1
Substitute into x= y + 7 :  2 
(2 y − 2) 2 = y 2 + 7 k
kx 2 − x − x 2 + kx + x − 1 =0
4 y2 − 8 y + 4 = y2 + 7 2
kx 2 + 2kx − 2 =0
4 y2 − y2 − 8 y + 4 − 7 =0
3y2 − 8 y − 3 = 0 Using the discriminant for one
(3 y + 1)( y − 3) =
0 solution:
b2 − 4ac = 0
− 13 or y =
y= 3 2
(2k) − 4(k)(−2) = 0
4k2 + 8k = 0
Substitute into =
x 2y − 2 . 4k(k + 2) = 0
When y =− 3 , x =− 23 − 2 =−2 23
1 k is non-zero, so k = −2
When y = 3, x = 6 − 2 = 4
b Substituting into kx 2 + 2kx − 2 =0
gives:
The solutions are:
x= − 83 , y =
− 13 and x =
4, y =
3 −2 x 2 + 4 x − 2 = 0
− x 2 − 2 x − 1 =0
6 Rearrange x + 2y = 3 to give: x 2 + 2 x + 1 =0
x= 3 − 2 y
( x + 1)
2
2 2 0
=
Substitute into x − 2 y + 4 y =
18 :
 1
x= −
(3 − 2 y )
2
− 2 y + 4 y2 =
18
9 − 12 y + 4 y 2 − 2 y + 4 y 2 =
18 Substitute for x and k:
k
8 y 2 − 14 y + 9 − 18 =0 y = 1 + x = 1 – (−1)= 2
2
8 y 2 − 14 y − 9 =0 Therefore, the coordinates are (−1, 2).
(4 y − 9)(2 y + 1) = 0
y= 9
or y = − 12 8 The sloping ceiling can be modelled by
4
h = 152 − 15 x
Substitute into x= 3 − 2 y . If the ball hits the ceiling, then
2 − 5 x =
15 1
− 103 x 2 + 52 x + 23
When y =94 , x =3 − 92 =− 32
− 103 x 2 + 10
27
x−6 =0
When y =− , x =3 + 1 =4
1
2
−3 x 2 + 27 x − 60 =
0
− 32 , y =
The solutions are: x = 9
4

and x = 4, y = − 12 x 2 − 9 x + 20 =
0

Using the discriminant:

k b2 − 4ac = 81 − 80 = 1
7 a Rearrange − x + y = 1 and substitute
2 As 1 > 0, there are two solutions.
into the quadratic equation:
k Therefore, the model does predict that
y = 1+ x
2 the ball hits the ceiling.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
9 a 3 x − x > 13 + 8 11 a x 2 + x − 2 = 18
2 x > 21 2
x + x − 20 = 0
x > 10 12 ( x + 5)( x − 4) = 0
In set notation, the solution is x= −5 or x = 4
{x: x > 212 }
b (x – 1)(x + 2) > 18
b x − 5 x − 14 =
2
0 ⇒ x 2 + x − 20 > 0
( x + 2)( x − 7) = 0
x= −2 or x = 7

x 2 − 5 x − 14 > 0 when x < −2 x 2 + x − 20 > 0 when x < −5 or x > 4

or x > 7 In set notation, the solution is
In set notation, the solution is {x : x < −5} ∪ {x : x > 4}
{x : x < −2} ∪ {x : x > 7}
12 a 6 x − 2 x < 3 + 7
10 Multiplying out the brackets: 4 x < 10
x2 − 5x + 4 < 2 x − 8 x< 5
2

x2 − 5x − 2 x + 4 + 8 < 0
b (2 x − 1)( x − 5) =
0
x 2 − 7 x + 12 < 0
= x 12= or x 5
x 2 − 7 x + 12 =
0
( x − 3)( x − 4) =
0
=x 3= or x 4

2 x 2 − 11x + 5 < 0 when 1

2 < x<5

x 2 − 7 x + 12 < 0 when 3 < x < 4

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3
 20 13
12 c 5 <
x
Multiply both sides by x2
5x2 < 20x
5x2 − 20x < 0
Solve the quadratic to find the critical
values:
5x2 − 20x = 0
5x(x − 4) = 0
x = 0 or x = 4
The solution is 1 ≤ x ≤ 8

14 a k=
= , b 8,= c 5
Using the discriminant b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0 :
82 − 4 k × 5 ≥ 0
64 − 20k ≥ 0
64 ≥ 20k
64
20 ≥k
The solution is 0 < x < 4 k ≤ 165

d 15 a = 2, b = 4k, c = −5k
Using the discriminant b2 − 4ac < 0:
(4k)2 − 4(2)(−5k) < 0
16k2 + 40k < 0
8k(2k + 5) < 0
k = 0 or k = − 52
Intersection is 1
2 < x < 52

8 9
13 2
+1 ≤
x x
Multiply both sides by x2:
8 + x2 ≤ 9x
x2 − 9x + 8 ≤ 0
Solve the quadratic to find the critical
values:
x2 − 9x + 8 = 0
(x − 1)(x − 8) = 0 − 52 < k < 0
x = 1 or x = 8

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4
16 a y = x2 + 2x − 15 18 y = x2 + 4x − 12
y = (x + 5)(x − 3) x2 + 4x − 12 = 0
0 = (x + 5)(x − 3) (x + 6)(x − 2) = 0
x = −5 or x = 3 x = −6 or x = 2
When x = 0, y = −15 y = 4 − x2
4 − x2 = 0
(2 + x)(2 − x) = 0
x = −2 or x = 2

b x2 + 2x − 15 = 6 − 2x
x2 + 4x − 21 = 0
(x + 7)(x − 3) = 0
x = −7 or x = 3
When x = −7, y = 20
When x = 3, y = 0
The points of intersection are (−7, 20)
and (3, 0).

From the graph and the calculated

points of intersection, the required
values are
x < −7 or x > 3.

17 2x2 + 3x − 15 = 8 + 2x
2x2 + x − 23 = 0
−1 ± 185 1
x=
4
(
= 4 −1 ± 185 )
1
( )
4 −1 − 185 < x < 4 −1 + 185
1
( )

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5
Challenge

1 2kx2 + 5kx + 5k − 3 = 0 2 2x − k = 3x2 + 2kx + 5

2
Using the discriminant: 3x + 2kx − 2x + 5 + k = 0
b2 − 4ac ≥ 0 for real roots. 3x2 + (2k − 2)x + 5 + k = 0
(5k)2 − 4(2k)(5k − 3) ≥ 0 If the line and parabola do not intersect
25k2 − 40k2 + 24k ≥ 0 then there are no solutions.
−15k2 + 24k ≥ 0
3k(−5k + 8) ≥ 0 Using the discriminant:
3k(−5k + 8) = 0 b2 − 4ac < 0
2
k = 0 or k = 85 (2k − 2) − 4(3)(5 + k) < 0
4k2 − 8k + 4 − 60 − 12k < 0
4k2 − 20k − 56 < 0
k2 − 5k − 14 < 0
2
k − 5k − 14 = 0
(k − 7)(k + 2) = 0
k = 7 or k = −2

0<k≤ 8
5

The line and the parabola do not intersect

in the interval −2 < k < 7

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6