Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Engineering design development of 52,5 KiloWatt peak solar

photovoltaic system for industrial Rooftop building
To cite this article: D J Damiri et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1402 033087

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

Engineering design development of 52,5 KiloWatt peak solar

photovoltaic system for industrial Rooftop building

D J Damiri*, S Legino and S Amboro

STT PLN, Jakarta, Indonesia

*djdhamiri@gmail.com

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to develop on-grid engineering design of 52,5 KW
photovoltaic system on Industrial Rooftop Building. The development of solar photovoltaic
system is to satisfy high demand of electrical energy for industry, offices, and public with
minimum cost. Taking consideration of green energy, solar energy might be chosen as an
alternative to generate electric power by utilization of Rooftop on industrial building. This
research was conducted using broad database of meteorological data i.e. global daily horizontal
solar irradiance. Additionally, Rooftop photovoltaic development, layout plan, photovoltaic
array connection, Single Line Diagram and structure support photovoltaic module were
developed using Helioscope and PV Syst software. Based on 6 months’ period simulation, annual
energy produced on Rooftop is 1043.88 kWh/kWp, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) 1301.96
kWh/m2, actual Global Horizontal Irradiance 5.6%, and performance ratio (PR) 80.30 % and
capital Rooftop photovoltaic project forecast. This results can be used for industrial and big
office in west Indonesian recommendation to develop solar energy system on Rooftop building

1. Introduction
Electrical power demand is going on increasing day by day especially for industrial industry, offices are
greatly increased but the increase in demand for electricity is not accompanied by the additional power
supply, it is responsible for industrials to make the power generating with good efficiency, continuity
and low cost. Taking One of consideration is using green energy from renewable energy resources as
their primary source backup One of the best alternatives is choosing Non-conventional sources is Solar
energy. The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8 x 1011 MW, which is
many thousands of times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all commercial energy
sources [1]. It is estimated that the global capacity for concentrating solar energy production will reach
147 GW in 2020, 337 GW in 2030 and 1089 GW in 2050 [2].
Most of industry area especially at cikarang industrial area, west java Indonesia have potential to
generate electrical power plant system by developing photovoltaic power plant at Rooftop building and
house. Moreover, solar energy applied in industrial environments is an effective and environmentally
friendly technology, since panels and photovoltaic (PV) equipment, as well as thermal solar collectors,
can be placed on the roofs of buildings, where they function efficiently, without hindering normal
activity and with low maintenance both, to meet the growing demand for energy in cities and, to reduce
greenhouse gasses emissions [3]. Research is needed to achieve more efficient, profitable and
sustainable of photovoltaic electrical power plant for industrial Rooftop area with regard to use of

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

renewable energy in industrial power plant is of utmost interest based on regulation number 49 th, 2018
from Indonesia’s ministry of energy and human resource about the uses of Photovoltaic on Rooftop.
Roof top Photovoltaic generation system has advantages the easier and cheaper to integrate with
existing electricity system, Photovoltaic modules or panels are made of semiconductors that allow
sunlight to be converted directly into electricity. These modules can provide you with a safe, reliable,
minimum cost of maintenance and environmentally photovoltaic source can be cost of electrical
generation Because of improved technology and reduction in photovoltaic (PV) cost, solar energy is
expected to play a substantial role in the future global energy mix, both in the developed and developing
countries [4,5]. Beside utilize existing land for generation by using Rooftop to generate photovoltaic it
can be reducing land investment costs, and can also reduce load one existing industrial electrical network
system.
The purpose of this research is to develop on-grid engineering design of 52,5 KW photovoltaic
system on industrial Rooftop building started with analysed Geographical location of the site,
calculation potential generation power by using helioscope and PV Syst, develop photovoltaic material
dan component engineering design, photovoltaic performance parameter and capital Rooftop
photovoltaic project forecast to satisfy high demand of electrical energy for industry, offices, and public
with minimum cost. Electricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) systems is important, reliable and
has the potential to play a significant role in CO2 emissions mitigation [6,7]. It is widely accepted that
PV will become one of the major future sources of electricity generation considering the potential for
cost reduction of PV systems and grid-parity expected in Southern and Northern Europe around 2020
[8]. The growing energy demand in developing nations has triggered the issue of energy security. This
has made essential to utilize the untapped potential of renewable resources. Grid connected PV systems
have become the best alternatives in renewable energy at large scale. Performance analysis of these grid
connected plants could help in designing, operating and maintenance of new grid connected systems
[9].

2. Material and methods

2.1. Solar power plant

Photovoltaic modules or panels are made of semiconductors that allow sunlight to be converted directly
into electricity. These modules can provide you with a safe, reliable, maintenance-free and
environmentally friendly source of power for a very long time. A successful implementation of solar
PV system involves knowledge on their operational performance under varying climatic condition [10].
Roof plan can help quantify the roof area available for the PV power plant. The plan should indicate the
location (including longitude and latitude), height, and slope of the roof itself, as well as any additional
structures present on the roof. Identify any possible conflicts in usage of the roof, such as a helipad or
communication antennae, and contact relevant bodies to ascertain if any special permission is required
to use and/or alter usage of the roof space [11]. The research object roof top Solar PV station of 52,5KWp
on-grid located in one of biggest industry in cikarang industrial park, located at latitude 6.3 ° S and
longitude 107.1 ° E, west java Indonesia. Figure.1, represents a roof top Solar PV station of 52,5KWp
and design on grid with electrical power from State Electricity Enterprise.
A Rooftop solar PV installation comprises of PV panels assembled in arrays, mounting frames to
support the panels and secure them to the roof, wiring, inverters, and other components depending on
the type of installation. The roof site must be able to accommodate all of these components, which
requires examining the following aspects [11].

2.1.1. Accessibility. The roof must be accessible to carry out installation and maintenance. It must be
possible to lift the solar system components onto the roof and for personnel to physically access the site
to install and maintain the system.

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

2.1.2. Roof configuration. A roof plan can help quantify the roof area available for the PV power plant.
The plan should indicate the location (including longitude and latitude), height, and slope of the roof
itself, as well as any additional structures present on the roof.

2.1.3. Roof materials and structure. For existing buildings, first find out when the roof would need
replacement. If a roof is nearing the end of its life span, it is more cost-effective to install the Rooftop
PV system once the new roof is in place. It is also easier to integrate a system into the design of a new
roof.
Helioscope software used to design accessibility, arrange solar cell position and determinate numbers
of solar cell, design Rooftop photovoltaic generation design with REC Twinpeak 2S 72 Series 350 Wp
solar cell module, cable tray model and size position and elevation orientation. Roof configuration solar
cell module showed on figure 2.

Figure 1. Rooftop photovoltaic design location.

Figure 2. Technical model design for Rooftop photovoltaic power generation.

Model designed development used Helioscope software showed that coverage area for generating plant
for 1170 m2, need 150 solar cell module with 5 °elevation angle on 0° nort azimuth orientation and 5

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

°elevation angle on 180° south azimuth orientation. Design specifications of design model development
showed on table 1.

Table 1. Specification of Rooftop Photovoltaic design development.

Design Capacity 52,5 kWp
Distance between solar cell 0.4 m
Number Of Modules 150 pcs
4 string on North
Modul Layout placement
4 string on South
Photovoltaic Module parameter
a. Nominal power (P-MPP) 350 Wp
b. Nominal voltage (V-MPP) 38.9 V
c. Nominal current (I-MPP) 9A
d. Open circuit voltage (VOC) 46.7 V
e. Short circuit current (ISC) 9.72 A
f. Photovoltaic module efficiency 17.4 %

2.2. Roof material and structure development design method

Main material photovoltaic component and supporting component design for 52 kWp Rooftop
Photovoltaic development showed at figure 3.

Figure 3. Rooftop photovoltaic component development.

Photovoltaic module used REC Twinpeak 2S 72 Series 350 Wp, SMA Sunny Tripower 20000TL
Inverter, Kipp & Zonnen RTI Rooftop Pyranometer sensor and SMA Cluster Control. 50 splay
considered to treatment and photovoltaic reliability monitoring. SMA Sunny Tripower 20000TL-30
Inverter has 98,4% efficiency and 20000 W AC power maximum used to change ac to dc voltage and
connected to utility network. This Sunny WebBox inverter connect to RS485 serial to record voltage
and AC power every 5 minute and can be monitored by computer system. All materials used in Rooftop
PV generation plan represented on figure 4.

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

Figure 4. Material and equipment.

The rack structure model for PV module supporting placement designed with Structure Analysis
Program (SAP) software and showed on figure 5

Figure 5. Rack PV module model.

Development model considered Dead Load (DL), Live Load (LL) (22.4 kg per pv-module), Wind Load
measured from wind velocity is120 km/h. Supporting rack designed that support structure can be
restraining 80kg/m wind load.

2.3. Performance analysis of the PV system

The performance parameters are developed by International Energy Agency (IEA) for analyzing the
performance of solar PV grid interconnected system [9,12]. Many performance parameters are used to
define the overall system performance with respect to the energy production, solar resource and overall
effect of system losses. The various parameters are the performance ratio, final PV system yield and

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

reference yield. Evaluation performance analysis parameter in this research are; output energy, energy
losses system, PV system evaluation performance ratio and capacity factor [4,13-15]. System Efficiency
measured from all solar cell array area [16].This Performance Parameter is average value of various
operation condition [4].

2.3.1. Global Horizontal Irradiance. Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is total sun radiation on
horizontal surface and it’s sum of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, and
reflection sun radiation from land [17]. The equation relationship of GHI, DNI, on horizontal surface
is:
GHI = DHI + DNI.cos (θZ) (1)
where;
DHI (Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance) = horizontal radiation that spreads (kWh/m2)
DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance) = normal radiation directly to the surface (kWh/m2)
cos (θZ) = radiation angle to the horizontal surface

2.3.2. Photovoltaic energy production. Total energy is defined as the amount of alternating current
power produced by the system over a period of time. The energy yield of a PV array is a meteorological
function of the location where it is installed [18]. This is the PV system energy output estimated as
[19,20]. Total energy per Hour, daily and monthly was obtained from the equation as follow.
EAC,h = ∑60
𝑡=1 𝐸𝐴𝐶, 𝑡 (2)

EAC,d = ∑24
ℎ=1 𝐸𝐴𝐶, ℎ (3)

EAC,m = ∑𝑁
𝑑=1 𝐸𝐴𝐶, 𝑑 (4)
Note
EAC,t = AC Energy Output on t minute
EAC,h = AC Energy Output on t hour
EAC,d = AC Energy Output on daily
EAC,m = AC Energy Output on month
N = days in 1 month

2.3.3. Performance ratio

Performance Ratio (PR) mentioned all effect from normal solar cell array power output losses and PR
value that shows how close the ideal performance during operation and compare PV system from PV
plan location, slope angle, orientation and nominal power capacity. The performance ratio is defined as
the ratio of the final energy output of the PV system, YF (kWh AC/kWp) with reference YR (kWh/kWp)
[21]. Performance ratio, RP is defined as the ratio of the final energy yield of the PV system, Yf, to the
reference yield, Yr [22].
𝑦𝑓
𝑅𝑝 = (5)
𝑦𝑟
In this equation, Yf is calculated as the ratio of the monthly yield (Wh) of the PV array, Eout, to the
installed array's rated output power (Wp), PSTC provided by the manufacturer. That is, Yf is given as:
𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑌𝑓 = (6)
𝑃𝑆𝑇𝐶

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

Yr is calculated by dividing the total monthly tilted PV surface irradiation (Wh/m2) Et by the
reference irradiance GSTC = 1000 W/m2. That is:
𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑌𝑓 = (7)
𝑃𝑆𝑇𝐶

𝐸𝑡
𝑌𝑓 = (8)
𝐺𝑆𝑇𝐶
100 𝑥 𝑌𝐹
PR =
𝑌𝑅
(%) (9)

2.3.4. Project cost

a) Levelized cost of energy

Model life cycle cost model for system energy developed by Department of Energy US dan regulated
in the National Bureau of Standards, 1980. This model considers total relevant total cost from sn energy
system begun from cost design, civil building, materials, components and operation cost’s. especially
initial investment costs, maintenance cost, the cost of replacing equipment in the future, security,
insurance and resale value. Thus, the life cycle costs of the energy system are formulated as follows
[23]:
LCC = EC + IC + SV + NFOMC + NRC + RC (10)
LCC : current value of life cycle cost
EC : current value of energy costs
IC : current value of investment costs
SV : current value of salvage
NFOMC : current value of recurring annual non-fuel operations and maintenance costs
RCC : current value of recurring fees or annual fees

“Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE)” is electrical energy generated costs from certain energy sources to
reach breakeven in certain time period. Usually the time period is determined based on the lifetime of
the generating system. LCoE calculation defined with following equation [24]:
𝐿𝐶𝐶
𝐼+ ∑𝑛
𝑡=1(1+𝑟)𝑡
LCoE = 𝐿𝐶𝐶 (11)
∑𝑛
𝑡=1(1+𝑟)𝑡

Note ;
It : investment costs for t-year period generator
LCCt : t-year period generator Life Cycle Cost
r : applicable interest rates
Et : t year generation of electrical energy produced (kWh)
n : age of use of the generator

3. Results and discussion

3.1. PV system design

52.5 kWp Rooftop photovoltaic electric generation has an installation scheme of 2 PV Array with a
capacity of 26.25 kWp, 2 Inverters with a capacity of 20 kWp each, 1 Cluster Control, 1 Irradiance
sensor and 1 AC Combiner box connected to the Main Distribution Panel (LVMDB) existing. As shown
in figure 6.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

Figure 6. Diagram scheme of 52,5 kWp Rooftop PV.

Figure 7. 52,5 kWp Rooftop Photovoltaic Layout design simulation with Helioscope.

Rooftop Photovoltaic 52,5 kWp capacity design with 150 pcs PV module and each module designed
Distance between modules is 40 centimetres. Photovoltaic module divided into 2 directions, 4 string at
south and 4 string at north. Nominal power (P-MPP) of each Photovoltaic is 350 Wp with 38.9 V
Nominal voltage (V-MPP), 9 A Nominal current (I-MPP), 46.7 V Open circuit voltage (VOC), 9.72 A
Short circuit current (ISC) and 17.4 % PV modul efficiency.
PV Array connections for 1 string consist 19 modules. Figure 8. show schematic diagram for PV
array connection.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

Figure 8. PV Array connection for 19 modules in 1 strings.

Grounding system schematic diagram Design for Rooftop 52,5KWp is shown in figure 9.

Figure 9. Grounding system for PLTS 52.5 kWp.

Grand design for Rooftop 52,5 kilo Watt peak model is designed electrical transient analysis program
(ETAP) with one-line diagram scheme as result and represented on figure 10

Figure 10. One-line diagram Rooftop PV 52.5 kWp.

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4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

3.2. Rooftop PV Performance

2,5 KWp Rooftop photovoltaic performance measured with actual and helioscope simulation of Global
Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), energy production and Performance Ratio. GHI of Rooftop PV observed
in the April 2018 until December 2018 period. data processed based on Helioscope and PV Syst
simulation and compared actual measurement data and showed on figure 11.

Global Horizontal Irradiance

180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
kWh/m²

100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
PVSyst 108.1 107.9 138.2 142.9 147.4 138.8 150.4 163.1 156.9 150.8 126.1 130.8
Helioscope 107.5 107.6 138.0 142.8 147.2 138.9 150.0 162.7 156.2 150.2 126.0 130.7
Actual 134.9 145.9 130.1 144.3 153.7 169.1 170.0 118.2 135.8

Figure 11. Global horizontal irradiance from January to December 2018.

The simulation results and actual annual GHI generated by 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV from April 2018 to
December 2018 obtained as follows: Results of annual GHI estimates of is 1.307,2 kWh/m2. Helioscope
annual GHI result 1.304,7 kWh/m2 and actual measurement is1.301,96 kWh/m2.
Energy production on Rooftop PV analysed from period time is 55.390 kWh from PV Syst software,
56.502 kWh from Helioscope and 54.804 kWh from actual measuring PV. The Comparison energy
production showed on figure 12.

Montly Energy Production

8000
7000
6000
5000
kWh

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
PVSyst 4541 4578 5810 6037 6264 5924 6410 6903 6623 6366 5343 5520
Helioscope 4456 4519 5884 6204 6494 6212 6687 7134 6694 6329 5284 5464
Actual 5733 6236 5543 6001 6370 7082 7035 5103 5701

Figure 12. Monthly PV energy production.

Actual average Energy generated by 52.5 kWp Solar cell is 1.06 - 3.00%, lower than predicted by PV
Syst and Helioscope simulations.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

3.3. Performance ratio

The simulation results and annual actual Performance Ratio on 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV electrical energy
generation from April 2018 to December 2018 are obtained as follows: 80,71 % PV Syst simulation,
82,42 % from Helioscope simulation and 80,30 % from actual measurement. Figure 13 represent
Comparison of simulation results and actual Performance Ratio (PR),

Performance Ratio (PR)

86.00%
84.00%
82.00%
Persentase

80.00%
78.00%
76.00%
74.00%
72.00%
70.00%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pvsyst 80.01% 80.82% 80.08% 80.47% 80.95% 81.30% 81.18% 80.62% 80.40% 80.41% 80.71% 80.38%
Helioscope 78.95% 79.99% 81.22% 82.75% 84.03% 85.18% 84.92% 83.51% 81.63% 80.26% 79.88% 79.63%
Actual 81.00% 81.40% 81.20% 79.30% 79.00% 79.80% 79.00% 82.00% 80.00%

Figure 13. Performance ratio.

Comparison of annual Performance Ratio values (April 2018 to December 2018), actual PR is lower
than 0.51% of predictions based on PV-Syst simulation is 2.64% lower from Helioscope simulation.
From results of comparison between the actual value of PR and simulation, of 52.5 kWp Solar Cell
Rooftop system operates well

3.4. 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV project cost estimation

Capital Expenditure estimated capital costs for the construction of the 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV project,
depend on Assumption 1 US $ = IDR. 13,550 per December 8, 2017, additional costs for changes to the
pyranometer specifications Includes the addition of an aluminium clamp supporting module. Table 3
described 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV project Cost Estimation

Table 2. 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV project cost estimation.

CAPEX
No Item Segmentation
Price
Price
1 PV Modul 20.175 ($) 20.175 ($)
2 Inverter & Accessories 10.194 ($)
3 Cabling
4 Electrical Board & Accessories Rp.
5 Module Support 484.000.000 25.526 ($)
6 Project Management
7 Transportation
Total 56.195 ($)
CAPEX /Wp ($) 1,07
CAPEX/Wp
14.503,55
(Rp)

Calculation "Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for 52.5 kWp Rooftop PV project can be described are
as followers:

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

 Total lifetime = 25 years (REC Power Output Warranty)

 OPEX = 1% CAPEX/Years (assumption)
 Annual degradation = -0.7%/year (REC Power Output Warranty)
 Energy production in the first year based on PV Syst) = 70320 kWh
 Energy production in the first year based on Helioscope) = 71361 kWh

LCoE for 52,5 kWp Rooftop PV is,

𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸𝑋+𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 25 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑈𝑆$)
a) LCoE PV Syst =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 25 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑘𝑊ℎ)
56194.5572+14048.6393 (𝑈𝑆$)
=
1610282 𝑘𝑊ℎ

= 4,36 Cent/kWh
= 590,78 Rp/kWh (assumption 1 US$ = Rp. 13.550)
𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐸𝑋+𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 25 𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 (𝑈𝑆$)
b) LCoE Helioscope = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 25 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠(𝑘𝑊ℎ)
56194.5572+14048.6393 (𝑈𝑆$)
=
1634167 𝑘𝑊ℎ
= 4,30 Cent/kWh
= 582,65 Rp/kWh (assumption 1 US$ = Rp. 13.550)

Calculation of the levelized cost of energy generation of electrical energy uses the principle of
effectiveness, efficiency and accountability of the overall cost of generating energy from electrical
energy produced by photovoltaic the output. The basic cost energy of Rooftop solar electricity
generation from 52.5KWP in this study is 4.30 cent dollar / KWH. Compared to electricity generation
cost according to the decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of
Indonesia in 2018 stated cost of generation i used as a reference for the purchase price of electricity from
generation for the West Java region is 6.81 cent / KWh [25]. So the price of the basic cost of Rooftop
solar energy generation compared to other generation is cheaper and the level of pollution, decay and
global warming level is lower limiting global warming to a maximum of 2 degrees Celsius until the year
2100 according Paris Agreement

4. Conclusion
Research subjected to develop on-grid engineering design of 52,5 KW photovoltaic system on Industrial
Rooftop Building. The development of solar photovoltaic system is to satisfy high demand of electrical
energy for industry, offices, and public with minimum cost. Taking consideration of green energy of
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, stated that limits global warming to a maximum until
the year 2100 is 2 degrees Celsius [26], solar energy might be chosen as an alternative to generate
electric power by utilization of Rooftop on industrial building. Design of the 52.5 KWp Rooftop in this
study was to create a solar-powered generation system on a roof building to reduce global warming and
support the use of conventional plants in meeting the lack of electrical energy supply in an industry in
in a simple, efficient and profitable way. The cost of PV system depends on the installed capacity.
However, because of benefit of system scale-up, the cost of PV per kW decreases as the installed
capacity increases. Therefore, cost per kW of installed capacity of a residential PV system is generally
higher when compared with the large-scale utility size PV [4] system It is hoped that through the Rooftop
design research of the 52.5 KWP PV power generation system, industry players can consider
economically, the feasibility of the system and the utilization of the building’s Rooftop in industrial
buildings has the potential for the development of solar power plants.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 033087 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033087

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