Chapter 3

Destination Puducherry
 CHAPTER III
Destination Puducherry
Chapter Page
Particulars
No. No.
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Historical Background 44
3.3 Geographic Features 46
3.4 Demography 48
3.5 Administration 49
3.6 Economy 49
3.7 Education 50
3.8 Health 50
3.9 Road and Transportation 51
3.10 Electricity and Telecommunication 52
3.11 Accommodation and Tourism Services 53
3.12 Puducherry Tourist Arrivals 56
3.13 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of Puducherry 59
3.14 Conclusion 91
3.1 Introduction

Puducherry, the erstwhile French colony in India is a peaceful and spiritual city. It is

often described as ‘India's Little France’ and ‘The French Riviera of the East’. Though

French had left Puducherry, French flavor, as one could witness by the grand colonial

mansions, beautiful boulevards, placid promenades, spellings on sign boards and buildings,

names of roads and public places still pervades every nook and corner of Puducherry

(Government of Puducherry: Know Puducherry, 2014). Tourism is a major source of

revenue to Puducherry economy. Substantial portion of the population depend on tourism

and allied activities. The contribution of revenue generated from tourism and allied activities

to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is estimated to be around 20%. Puducherry is

gifted with a wide range of tourism attractions. The place has a special aura with lush green

fields and serene beaches. Above all, tranquility is the hallmark of Puducherry as glorified

by the abode of Sri Aurobindo. Puducherry is endowed with a fine blend of tourism

attractions that draw tourists from far and wide. It has something to offer to every tourist, be

they leisure tourists, adventure tourists, religious tourists and heritage tourists.

Puducherry enjoys competitive advantage, largely due to a pleasant climate, scenic

attractions, French architecture and heritage, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Auroville – an

international village, transport networks, safety and security, choice of accommodation and

above all an indomitable local hospitality extended by the receptive and accommodating

local community. To cap it all, the French have left behind an indelible legacy reflected in

the art, architecture, cuisine and language. Puducherry is a transit weekend tourist

destination easily accessible to people from Chennai, Bangalore, Mysore, Madurai,

43
Coimbatore, Trivandrum, Cochin, etc. Foolproof transportation and communication

facilities attract both short and long haul tourists to choose Puducherry as a destination for

leisure, business and spiritual pursuits.

A panoramic view of Puducherry’s historical, socio-cultural landscape is presented

in the following pages of this chapter.

3.2 Historical Background

Puducherry is the French interpretation of the original name ‘Puducheri’ meaning

‘new settlements’. The excavations at Arikamedu about 7 Kilometers south of the town

show that the Romans arrived Puducherry for trading activities in the 1st century A.D. The

trade of that era included dyed textiles, pottery and semi-precious stones. Puducherry’s

history can be traced back to 4th Century A.D., when it was part of Pallava Kingdom. Bahur

in Puducherry region is said to have been ruled by the last Pallava ruler Nripatungavarman.

Subsequently, control over this part of Puducherry passed on to the hands of the Cholas.

The Panchanatheeswara temple at Thiruvandarkoil has a number of interesting Chola

inscriptions assigned to the periods of Parantaka I (AD 907 - 953) and Rajaraja I (AD 985 -

1012), Rajendra I (AD 1012 - 1044), Rajendra II (AD 1052 - 1063), Kulottunga I (AD 1070

- 1120), Rajendra III (AD 1218 - 1246).

The region around Puducherry however intermittently came under the Pandya rule

for brief spells as attested by their inscriptions in places like Thirukkanji, Bahour,

Thiruvandarkoil and Thirubhuvanani. There are various references in the history to the word

Puduke, a port town on the coromandal coast. The identification of a Roman trading centre

44
in the vicinity of Puducherry adds credence to the close proximity of the terms Puduke and

Pondicherry. Although this theory has been supported by more than one writer, the equation

of Puduke with Puduvai, the name by which the town was well known in the early days,

seems to be more acceptable. According to the available evidence, Puducherry was earlier

an abode of scholars well versed in the Vedas and hence came to be known as Vedapuri.

During the days of Ottakoothar and Kambar in the 11th and 12th centuries respectively,

Puducherry was known with its shortened form Puthuvai. At the beginning of the 14th

century, a large part of the North Arcot and South Arcot districts including Puducherry

region came under the control of the feudatory family of Sambauvarayas, whose importance

grew from the period of Vikrama Cholan. The region surrounded by the present Thanjavoor

and South Arcot districts including Puducherry territory continued to remain under

Vijayanagar dynasty in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. During the last years of the

reign of Krishnadevaraya, the region was divided under three Nayakships of Genjee,

Thanjavoor and Madurai.

The present Puducherry region subsequently came under the Nayakship of Genjee

while Karaikal and its surroundings fell under the Nayakship of Thanjavoor. The first ruler

of the dynasty, which ruled Genjee was Krishnappa Nayaka followed by Achyuta

Veerabhadra Nayaka, subordinate to Sadasiva Maharaya (1542 - 67 A.D.), the Vijayanagar

King. The next ruler was Krishnappa Nayaka, a contemporary of Raghunatha Nayaka of

Thanjavoor, subordinate to the Vijayanagar ruler Venkata Nayaka II. The territories under

Krishnappa Nayaka were held by three feudal chiefs stationed at Devikota, Thiruvathi (near

Cuddalore) and Vellore. In the mean time, Krishnappa Nayaka started entertaining the idea

of becoming independent of Vijayanagar dynasty. This led to the invasion of Genjee in 1600
45
A.D., and then in 1607 A.D. by Venkata Nayaka II, the Vijayanagar Emperor. This was the

time when the Portuguese and the Dutch were trying to gain privileges from the Nayakas for

establishing trading posts in Devanampatnam and Krishnapatnam.

Puducherry’s French connection dates back to 1674 A.D., when the French East

India Company setup a trading centre in Puducherry. In 1663 A.D. the Dutch captured

Puducherry but it was returned to French in 1699 A.D. The acquisition of Mahe, Yanam and

Karaikal by the French occurred between 1742 A.D and 1763 A.D. Thereafter, Puducherry

changed hands between the French and the British several times. In 1764 A.D. the entire

town Puducherry was razed to the ground in a war between the British and the French.

Finally, the French gained control over Puducherry town in 1814 A.D., and they started

rebuilding the town. Since then, Puducherry remained a French colony till 1954 A.D. when

it was merged with the Indian Union on 1st November, 1954. But only in 1963, Union

Territory of Puducherry became officially an integral part of India de jure. Puducherry is the

capital town (Administration headquarters of the Union Territory of Puducherry) and has

three enclaves, namely Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam located in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and

Andhra Pradesh States respectively (Ramasamy, (1987) and Rahman, (2006)).

3.3 Geographic Features

Puducherry is bounded on the east by Bay of Bengal and on the other three sides by

the South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. Karaikal is about 150 Kilometers south of

Puducherry on the east coast while Mahe is situated on the west coast of India in the

Malabar region of Kerala. Yanam is situated on the east coast adjoining East Godavari

district of Andhra Pradesh. Puducherry, the capital city of the Union Territory is spread
46
across 293 Square Kilometers. It lies between 11.43’ and 12.30’ north latitude and 79.36’

longitude in the east. Karaikal region is spread around 161 Square Kilometers and lies

between 10.49’ and 11.01’ northern latitude and 79.43’ and 79.52’ eastern longitude.

Another enclave Yanam is spread around 20 Square Kilometers and is located between

16.42’ and 16.46’ northern latitude and 82.11’ and 82.19’eastern longitude. The Mahe

region is a 9 Square Kilometers area located between 11.42’ and 11.43’ northern latitude

and 75.33’ eastern longitude.

Puducherry region is a flat country of average elevation of 15 meters above sea-

level, intersected by the deltaic channels of River Gingee and the Pennaiyar forming the two

main drainage basins, interspersed with lagoons, lakes and tanks. Karaikal region forms part

of the fertile Cauvery delta and is covered completely by a thick mantle of alluvium. Mahe

is a small area bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea, on the north by the River Ponniyan

and on the other sides by a stretch of hills of medium height which are linked to the Western

Ghats by a series of hillocks. River Mahe which flows towards the west, divides the region

into two parts. Yanam region is bounded on the east by river Godavari which discharges

itself into the Bay of Bengal after flowing about 14 Kilometers towards south-east.

47
 (Source: Maps of India)

Exhibit 3.1: Union Territory of Puducherry with the Three Enclaves

The average maximum temperature is around 34°C and the average minimum

temperature is around 24°C for all the four regions of Union Territory of Puducherry.

Summer season lasts for four months between March to June. The months of October and

November constitute the north east monsoon season. Weather from December to February is

relatively cool. The average annual rainfall is around 127 cms (Rahman, 2006).

3.4 Demography

As per the 2011 population census 12,44,464 people live in and around Puducherry.

The city spreads to an area of 294 Square Kilometers with density of population of 2598 per

Square Kilometer in 2011 as compared to 892 per Square Kilometer in the year 1961. The

population has grown by 337% between 1961 and 2011. The decadal growth rate stands at

27.2%. The sex ratio has increased from 1001 at 2001 to 1038 at 2011 in the Union Territory

48
of Puducherry. The birth rate as on 2011 in the Union Territory of Puducherry is 16.5 per

1000 population and death rate is 7 per 1000 population. The literacy rate has increased

from 81.24 in 2001 to 86.54 in 2011. Majority of Puducherry people speak Tamil, Telugu,

Kannada and Malayalam (Puducherry Census, 2011).

3.5 Administration

The Union Territory of Puducherry is administered by a council of ministers elected

by the public. Lieutenant Governor is chief administrator of the Union Territory of

Puducherry. Puducherry legislative assembly consists of thirty members, and is also

represented by two members of the parliament, one in the Lok Sabha and other in the Rajya

Sabha. Puducherry consists of five Municipalities and ten Commune Panchayats. All laws

and legislative regulations are subject to the final ratification by the Ministry of Home

Affairs, Government of India.

3.6 Economy

The Gross State Domestic Product of Puducherry in 2010-11 was estimated to be

Rs.12, 929.06 Crores at the current prices. Work Participation Rate (WPR) in Puducherry

was 35.2 % as per the 2011 census. The Per Capita income for the year 2010-11 has been

estimated at Rs. 98,719 and Rs.79,333 at current and constant prices respectively. There are

77 Large Scale, 185 Medium Scale and 8326 Small Scale Industries with a total investment

of Rs. 2511.33 Crores. The total land area under agriculture is 31,437 Hectares. Food grains

production was 53,410 metric tons during 2010-11 (Government of Puducherry: Socio-

economic Indicators, 2011).

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3.7 Education

It is heartening to note that Puducherry has, of late, emerged as an educational hub

with a steep increase in the number of schools, colleges and professional education

institutions like medical and engineering colleges. The spurt in quality education facilities

helped the state achieve 86.55 % literacy rate (2011 census). There are at present 548 pre-

primary schools, 301 primary schools, 108 middle schools, 180 high schools and 118 higher

secondary schools in Puducherry. Further, 21 arts, science and commerce colleges, one

research institution, eight medical colleges, three dental colleges, nine nursing colleges, two

para-medical colleges, one veterinary college, one agriculture college, two law colleges, 27

engineering and technology colleges, 77 educational colleges, seven polytechnic colleges,

two Catering and Hotel Management colleges and a Central University place Puducherry

ahead of other states in India in terms of density of educational institutions. There are also a

number of French institutions such as French consulate, French schools, the French institute,

and L’Alliance Francaise (Government of Puducherry: Education - School and Collegiate,

2011).

3.8 Health

Health care facilities constitute an important indicator of socio-economic

development of a region. It is also an important parameter for tourism development as well.

The image of any tourism destination depends to a large extent on the hygiene and sanitation

conditions. Thus, Government of Puducherry ensures proper maintenance of hygiene and

sanitation at all the tourist places of interest. The Union Territory of Puducherry is also

endowed with good health care facilities compared to the rest of the country. It has eight
50
hospitals in four regions, a dental, chest, physical medicine and rehabilitation center, five

community health centres, 39 primary health centres, 81 sub centers and 15 employee state

insurance dispensaries with 2168 beds. For every 2790 persons per doctor, for every 1015

persons one nurse, Puducherry state is better placed with respect to per capita distribution of

healthcare facilities (Government of Puducherry: Health and Family Welfare, 2011).

3.9 Road and Transportation

Road Network is another important ingredient that gives fillip to tourism as the much

emphasized accessibility to tourist centers is possible by an effective road network and

transport facilities. It is a significant determinant that transforms the destination image and

perceptions of tourists. Building new roads and maintaining the existing roads in and around

Puducherry is one of the priorities of the government. In order to provide basic facilities for

the residents and tourists, road network is strengthened constantly. Puducherry is well

connected with road and transportation network with its neighboring states. Government of

Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh operate bus services to

Puducherry. Puducherry is connected to the Indian Railways network via nearby Villupuram

junction (about 45 Kilometers away). Spice Jet flies from Puducherry to Bengaluru twice a

week on Thursday and Saturday. The total length of the roads under the control of Public

Works Department is 684 Kilometers consisting of 65 Kilometer national highways, 38

Kilometer state highways, 25 Kilometer major district roads, 280 Kilometer other district

roads and 275 Kilometer rural roads. Total length of the roads under the control of

Municipalities is 777 Kilometers and 1787 Kilometers under Commune Panchayats

(Government of Puducherry: Road and Transport, 2011).

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(Source: Maps of India)

Exhibit 3.2: Puducherry Road Network Map

3.10 Electricity and Telecommunication

Puducherry’s power requirements are met by the nearby Neyveli Lignite

Corporation’s power generation and transmission plants. During the year 2011-12, the per

capita consumption of electricity was 1864.5 KWh. As regards Communication facilities,

both public and private telecom companies are actively present in operating fixed and

mobile telephony with broadband internet connection facilities. Excellent telecom facilities

stimulate growth of tourism, travel and hospitality sectors in Puducherry. Apart from Bharat

Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), all other major private players like Airtel, Aircel,

Docommo, MTS, Reliance, TATA, Uninor, Vodafone, etc., have their networks. There are

52
about 1.21 Lakh telephone connections, 31 telephone exchanges and 97 post offices

(Government of Puducherry: Electricity and Telecommunication, 2011).

3.11 Accommodation and Tourism Services

Being a popular tourist destination, Puducherry is comfortably placed with respect to

accommodation facilities. All put together, there are 135 accommodation facilities, viz., one

five star hotel, eight three star hotels, thirteen resorts, ten heritage hotels, 50 budget hotels,

two boutique hotels, four business class hotels, four government guest houses, 52 private

guest houses, and a home stay facility which cater to the needs of tourists day in and day

out. Further, there are hundred and six stand alone restaurants located in Puducherry.

Table 3.1 shows the growth of hospitality sector year wise during 1995 and 2012. A

threefold increase in hotel rooms and beds could be seen, from 1,467 and 2,400 in 1995 to

3,965 and 7,696 in 2012 respectively. There has been a steep increase in the number of rooms

and beds excepting in 2004. In 2004, the total number of rooms and beds was 2,109 and

3,554 as against 2,203 and 3,843 rooms and beds in 2003. The fall in the supply of rooms

was due to temporary closure of some hotels for renovation and modernization work in

order to reposition their properties. On the whole, it may be understood that there has been

an impressive growth of hotel rooms and beds during 1995 and 2012. Given the growth in

the tourist arrivals in the recent past and huge demand during the weekends, there is ample

space for the accommodation sector to grow further.

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 Table 3.1: Puducherry’s Number of Hotel Rooms and Beds

Year No. of AC and No. of Beds

Non AC Rooms
1995 1,467 2,400
1996 1,473 2,412
1997 1,558 2,845
1998 1,654 2,989
1999 2,044 3,560
2000 2,091 3,649
2001 2,163 3,779
2002 2,203 3,843
2003 2,203 3843
2004 2,019 3,554
2005 2,454 4,707
2006 2,507 5,144
2007 2,892 5,893
2008 3,114 6,341
2009 3,322 6,422
2010 3,539 6,986
2011 3,680 7,196
2012 3,965 7,696

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) Annual Reports)

While some of the major hotels have their own travel desks / services, stand alone

small and medium sized travel agencies have mushroomed in Puducherry who were

primarily air / rail ticket booking outfits. These agencies, over the years, have diversified

into forex business and car rentals. There is a huge demand for high end tourist coaches.

New product development and innovative methods of tourism promotion can further boost

up tourism in Puducherry. The growth potential of tourism industry, throws open enormous
54
opportunities for investors in the travel and tourism business. Puducherrians often travel to

visit friends and relatives (VFR) in Europe, especially France and hence air ticketing and

other associated services have become the core business activity of many travel agency

firms. The package tour operators do have a good time and leading companies like Thomas

Cook, SOTC, Cox and Kings, Makemytrip.com, etc., have their franchisee units and in all

there are thirty two travel agency outfits and cab operators, eight money exchangers, twelve

travel agency firms and cab operators in and around Puducherry. Twenty massage centres,

fifteen Ayurveda healthcare clinics, ten fitness centres and eleven yoga centres in

Puducherry and Auroville cater to the fitness needs of the tourists and general public.

55
3.12 Puducherry’s Tourist Arrivals
Table 3.2: Domestic and Foreign Tourist Arrivals in Puducherry

Year Domestic Growth (in %) Foreign Growth (in %) Total Growth (in %)
Tourists Tourists

1992 3,11,585 10,727 3,22,314

1993 3,05,490 (-) 01.95 10,865 (+) 01.28 3,16,355 (-) 01.84
1994 3,24,184 (+) 06.11 10,950 (+) 0.782 3,35,134 (+) 05.93
1995 3,36,312 (+) 03.74 11,475 (+) 04.79 3,47,787 (+) 03.77
1996 3,73,128 (+) 10.94 11,860 (+) 03.35 3,84,988 (+) 10.69
1997 4,01,278 (+) 07.54 20,536 (+) 73.15 4,21,814 (+) 09.56
1998 4,07246 (+) 01.48 18,245 (-) 11.15 4,25,491 (+) 0.871
1999 4,49,429 (+) 10.42 22,878 (+) 24.22 4,72,307 (+) 11.00

2000 5,27,274 (+) 17.32 23,878 (+) 03.89 5,51,152 (+) 16.66

2001 4,76,804 (-) 09.57 22,115 (-) 07.38 4,98,919 (-) 09.47

2002 4,80,522 (+) 0.780 20,094 (-) 09.13 5,00,616 (+) 0.340

2003 5,00,139 (+) 04.08 25,559 (+) 27.19 5,25,698 (+) 05.01

2004 5,58,445 (+) 11.66 32,053 (+) 25.40 5,90,498 (+) 12.32

2005 5,74,011 (+) 02.78 36,009 (+) 12.34 6,10,020 (+) 03.30

2006 6,52,245 (+) 13.69 46,273 (+) 28.50 6,98,518 (+) 14.50

2007 7,98,528 (+) 22.43 57,682 (+) 24.66 8,56,210 (+) 22.57

2008 8,27,799 (+) 03.66 60,309 (+) 04.55 8,88,054 (+) 03.72

2009 8,51,192 (+) 02.82 54,038 (-) 10.39 9,05,230 (+) 01.92

2010 8,35,872 (-) 01.80 50,964 (-) 05.69 8,86,836 (-) 02.03

2011 8,97,896 (+) 07.43 52,298 (+) 02.62 9,50,284 (+) 07.15

2012 9,81,714 (+) 09.33 52,931 (+) 01.21 10,34,645 (+) 07.82

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) Annual Reports)

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3.12.1 Share of Foreign Tourist Arrivals

It is evident from Table 3.3 that while the number of foreign tourist arrivals to

Puducherry has increased in absolute terms from a little over 10,727 in 1996 to 52,931 in

2012. It is a matter of concern, however, that the share in the total foreign tourist arrivals has

come down from 0.057% in 1996 to 0.008% in 2012. The decline in the share of Puducherry

reveals that the destination has gradually been slipping out of the itinerary of the foreign

tourists visiting India. Therefore, Government of Puducherry has to sit up and take stock of

the situation. It is high time that appropriate marketing strategies are formulated to increase

the share of the foreign tourists in such a fashion that Puducherry’s share in India’s foreign

tourist arrivals increases.

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 Table 3.3: Puducherry’s Share of Foreign Tourists

Foreign Tourist Arrivals Share of

Puducherry
Year India Puducherry (in %)
(in Millions) (in Thousands)
1992 1.86 10,727 0.057
1993 1.76 10,865 0.061
1994 1.86 10,950 0.058
1995 2.12 11,475 0.054
1996 2.29 12,118 0.018
1997 2.37 20,774 0.011
1998 2.36 18,501 0.012
1999 2.48 22,983 0.010
2000 2.65 23,878 0.011
2001 2.54 22,115 0.011
2002 2.38 20,094 0.011
2003 2.73 25,559 0.010
2004 3.46 32,053 0.010
2005 3.92 36,009 0.010
2006 4.45 46,273 0.009
2007 5.08 57,682 0.008
2008 5.37 60,309 0.008
2009 5.17 54,038 0.010
2010 5.78 50,964 0.008
2011 6.31 52,298 0.009
2012 6.58 52,931 0.008

(Sources: (1). Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) Annual Reports

(2). Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India Annual Reports)

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3.13 Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of Puducherry

Small is beautiful. The quintessence of Puducherry is that it is a small place with the

advantages of a big place. French culture in its various manifestations can be seen in every

nook and corner of Puducherry. Puducherry is known for cultural assimilation and

community harmony. The famous revolutionary Tamil poet Subramania Bharathi composed

much of his patriotic songs and writings in Puducherry. The great spiritual leader Swami

Vivekananda visited Puducherry and was impressed with its culture, climate and the

hospitality of the place. During the 280 years of French rule, Puducherry witnessed

substantial developments in the fields of trade, commerce, cultural exchange, art, etc. French

language enjoys unique place in the hearts and minds of the people since people of

Puducherry take pride in learning French. French festivals are celebrated and authentic

French cuisine is on the menu of all the leading hotels. Besides, there are a good number of

exclusive French restaurants which serve wide ranging French delicacies. It is a unique

heritage city with a range of tourism products on offer to the discerning domestic and

foreign tourists.

Puducherry is an unspoiled tourist destination known for its scenic beauty and

tranquility. It is a much sought after destination for international tourists, more specifically

for Europeans. It is known for spirituality, French heritage and Tamil culture. The French

colonial buildings majestically epitomize the influence of French art and architecture

preserved as a token of love and pride. Besides, the clean streets and huge mansions

embodying French architecture, the French institutions and the Sri Aurobindo Ashram are

some of the core tourism attractions. Sri Aurobindo Ashram is the epitome of spiritual

59
pursuits ever since Sri Aurobindo made Puducherry his permanent home. The city has a

chequered history of trade relations with Roman Empire. The regional kings contributed

remarkably to the art and architecture of the ancient temples and other monuments of

Puducherry.

Thus, the unique selling proposition of Puducherry is the French culture left behind

by the erstwhile French. With the diversity in tourism attractions, Puducherry has emerged

as a finest tourist destination, largely due to its strategic location, salubrious climate,

friendly and peace loving people. No wonder, Puducherry justified the description of Riviera

of the East! The most important tourist attractions of Puducherry include Sri Aurobindo

Ashram, Auroville (an international township), Boulevard area, Arikamedu, Heritage

buildings, French architecture, beaches, temples, churches, public gardens, parks, museums,

lakes, backwaters, fairs and festivals (Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation:

Tourist Delight, 2012).

3.13.1 Aurobindo Ashram

Puducherry is not only known for its deep rooted French culture but also famous

worldwide as an abode of Sri Aurobindo, the great saint. Many miracles happened in the life

of Sri Aurobindo after his arrival and during his life time in Puducherry. It was the turning

point of his life as well as the freedom movement of India. His philosophy and discourses

have influenced scores of disciples. All his literary contributions are widely acknowledged

across the world.

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 (Source: Sri Aurobindo Ashram)

Exhibit 3.3: Sri Aurobindo and Mother Mira Alfassa

His magnum opus ‘THE SAVITHRI’ is regarded as a thought provoking text of

spirituality. His Samadhi or memorial is located in the Ashram where Sri Aurobindo and

the Mother worked relentlessly for creating a society free from violence and prejudice and

hence became the places of salvation. Both of them strove hard for spreading universal

peace and harmony through their philosophies and strived for the refinement of human life.

Thus, Sri Aurobindo Ashram has emerged as the chief attraction for all tourists regardless of

their caste, creed, colour, religion, region, etc. Other places associated with the life of the

two spiritual leaders are situated in the vicinity of the Ashram (Maitra, 2001).

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 (Source: Sri Aurobindo Ashram)

Exhibit 3.4: Frontage of Sri Aurobindo Ashram

Sri Aurobindo established the present ashram in 1926. It is located on Rue de la

Marine. The Ashram eventually became a major center of Vedic and Philosophical studies

in India. The Ashram nurtures the ideal of unity in diversity and promotes world peace by

emphasizing the preaching of world religions. The Ashram houses the Samadhi (Memorial)

of Sri Aurobindo and Sri Ma (Mother). Besides, there are farms, gardens, cottages

industries, educational institutions, libraries and various other manufacturing units managed

by different wings of the Ashram towards self reliance. Ashram is open for public from 8.00

to 12.00 in the forenoon and 14:00 to 18:00 in the afternoon daily.

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 (Source: Sri Aurobindo Ashram)

Exhibit 3.5: Sri Aurobindo Memorial and Mother Mira Alfassa Samadhi (Memorial)

3.13.2 Auroville

Auroville, an international city was created in 1968 by the Aurovillians. Auroville

Township houses the world famous Matirmandir. It was the ultimate dream of Sri Maa, the

spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, to create a universal town where people from

different faiths, beliefs and ethical backgrounds live together. Though the entire Auroville

Township geographically falls in the jurisdiction of Tamilnadu, its proximity to Puducherry

town (12 Kilometers) makes Auroville an integral part of Puducherry. The foundation for

the creation of ‘Auroville Town’ with the financial, technical and emotional support was

laid by disciples from than 100 countries. The aesthetic environment speaks volumes about

the concept of township and universal brotherhood. The chief attraction of Auroville is the

Matirmandir, a globe shaped structure with a meditation hall at the centre of the structure.

The globe is decorated with gold coated plates. The gigantic structure is indeed imposing.

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Ambiance around the globe is so aesthetic that many a visitor revels at the inspiring and

beautiful structure. It is a modern architectural marvel as high as 30 meters with lotus

shaped foundation like urn. The Auroville Visitors’ Centre located in Auroville International

zone, can be accessed by obtaining entry pass from 09:30 to 17:30 hours daily (Ganapathi,

2008).

(Source: Auroville)
Exhibit 3.6: Auroville Master Map

3.13.3 Arikamedu

Arikamedu, an archeological site is another major attraction of Puducherry. It is

located four Kilometers south of Puducherry and on the right bank of Ariyankuppam river.

Arikamedu was the seat of ancient Roman trade centre. The history of Arikamedu dates

back to the second century B.C. The port town was inhabited by Romans in the beginning

64
and subsequently by Cholas and French. The Roman treasure trail and Arikamedu river

cruise can take novelty seekers down the history lane. Wine and stylish containers of wine

were the valuable imports from Rome during those days. Textile, precious stones, glass and

shell bangles were also exported between 2nd century BC and 14th century AD. The amazing

ruins of the 18th century French Jesuit Mission House in Arikamedu is an enchanting site

(Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation: Arikamedu, 2012).

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.7: Arikamedu Ruins

3.13.4 Boulevard Town

Boulevard is the old town area of Puducherry which is a planned town, known for

unique French heritage buildings and sites. A stroll on any lane of the boulevard where all

65
the roads crisscross perpendicularly testify the vision and town planning skills of the French.

No other town of India boasts of a boulevard of the type of Puducherry where an aerial view

presents the place in perfect geometrical lines. The boulevard area of Puducherry

geographically consists of two zones, namely the Tamil and the French towns. Boulevard

presents a blend of both French and Tamil architecture where one could see the houses in a

row that share architectural patterns that repeat themselves in infinite variations. The town,

provided a very conducive atmosphere to Sri Aurobindo’s spiritual and Subramanian

Bharathi’s* literary pursuits, besides attracting hordes of people from not only within the

country but also from abroad.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.8: Puducherry Town Map

* Subramanian Bharathi - Famous Indian Writer, Poet, journalist, Indian Independence

Activities and Social Reformer from Tamil Nadu, India.
66
A visitor to Puducherry is exposed to the unforgettable experience of style and elegance of

its French influence (The Hindu, June 2012).

3.13.5 Cultural and Heritage Resources

Cultural and heritage resources are the core attractions of Puducherry. It is a place of

cultural confluence that gives an entirely new experience and enjoyment to the tourists. It is

dominated by the Tamil speaking population with tolerance for other language speaking

communities. The city is a true manifestation of French heritage evident from the buildings,

festivals, cuisine, language, etc. The town built along the seashore and sand dunes is dotted

with the old French buildings and dominated by French culture. It is characterized by long

and wide streets with stately and colonial style of buildings. The residential buildings are

comparatively simple, solid and varied. These old heritage buildings have flat roofs, an inner

courtyard with garden and colonial porticos. The public buildings are usually surrounded by

large a fenced-in compound walls with comfortable staircases (Rahman, 2006).

3.13.6 Art and Architectural Styles

A walk along the Puducherry Boulevard is so invigorating that one is greeted by the

imposing French colonial buildings, Franco Tamil, traditional Tamil and modern buildings.

The street facades are usually characterized by continuous wall to wall construction. As

regards to the residential houses, Puducherry has its own distinction. The facades are divided

into smaller panels with vertical plasters and horizontal cornices. The windows are usually

arched with wooden louvers shutters. The balconies are built over iron brackets. Parapets are

designed with terracotta pot designs. High ceilings and tall arched doors and windows with

67
louvers dominate the space inside the houses. Floors are polished and coloured with cement.

Belgian coloured glasses are fitted on the arched wooden frames above doors and porticos.

The entire street stretch is identical as each roof of the house merges with the other and the

connecting elements of the house are lean-to-roofs, cornices (horizontals), plasters and

engaged columns (verticals) and ornamental parapets. The Thinnai, otherwise called portico

marks the transition space through which one enters home. The open courtyard – Mutram

becomes the central space around which the various other rooms are functionally positioned.

The open Mutram is flanked by covered space on one side with wooden columns usually

meant for an interaction among the family or with intimate guests. The courtyard in the

immediate proximity to the kitchen is reserved for services and utilities. Dravidian

architecture is largely found in the houses and ancient temples of Puducherry. Islamic style

of architecture could be seen in some of the wealthy Muslim houses and mosques.

Interestingly, European architecture also made its presence in the popular churches of

Puducherry (The Hindu, June 2012).

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 (Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.9: Typical Puducherry House

The French government established the School of Arts and Crafts as early as in 1907

A.D in Puducherry. Puducherry had its share of painters of the time in Petrus, Jagannathan,

R.A.Rahim, P.Manikkam, Jayanthilal Parekh, Sirpi Jeyaraman, R.Janakiraman, Rajendiran,

Seema Devi and Aravind Akki. There were devadasies performing Bharathanatiyam – a

classical South Indian dance in the temples. Puducherry was not lagging behind in the

theatre arts. Estakier Vasappa, Thyagamey Perithu, Simmavarman, Vetriveeran, Sataya

Devi, Needhivarman, Prithiviraj, Ilampiraikkanni, Muttai, Thalaikol were renowned theatre

personalities of yester years. Puducherry had its own popular songs of the day like

Ampipaadal, Thembaangu, Thaalaatu Pattu and Ettrappattu. There was abundant folk music

and public places in the evenings were reverberating with dance and drama, where music
69
emanating from instruments like Pamapai, Uddukkai and Parai used to refresh and entertain

the general public ((Ramasamy, (1987) and Rahman, (2006).

3.13.7 Beaches

Beaches are prime attractions of Puducherry. Popular beaches of Puducherry are

Promenade beach, Paradise beach, and Auro beach. All the beaches are located a little away

from the city excepting Promenade beach. Promenade beach is the most popular beach in

terms of its location and accessibility. It is no exaggeration that no visitor of Puducherry

leaves the place without spending an evening in this beach. The city was planned by the

planers of those days that all the roads running from west to east lead to this beach. Colonial

French structures, a clean and spacious walking trail, granite stone benches, and of course, a

few restaurants, snacks and coffee vending machines dot this 1.5 Kilometer stretch of the

beach. Guide-cum tourist police have been posted to provide assistance to the visitors of

Promenade. The Department of Tourism has undertaken steps for landscaping and

beautification of the Promenade area with the financial support of the Union Tourism

Ministry.

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(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.10: Promenade Beach

The Serenity beach is a little drive towards the north of the city. This virgin and

clean beach with serene surroundings is an ideal place for recreation. Another important

beach called Paradise beach is located on the lagoons of Chunnambar river, 8 Kilometers

away from the town along Puducherry - Cuddalore road. Another new beach which is fast

growing and has become the most sought after beach is Auro beach. Located about 9

Kilometres away from the town along the picturesque East Coast Road (ECR), Auroville

beach is a must visit place of Puducherry. The shallow waters and moderate waves make the

beach a prefect place for recreation and relaxation. In contrast to the other beaches of

Puducherry, Auro beach has vast space on the sea shore for visitors to hang around and

indugle themselves in various leisure activities, besides ample parking place.

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(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.11: Auro Beach

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.12: Paradise Beach

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3.13.8 Back Waters and Lakes

The Chunnambar backwaters is one of the favorite places with a boat house to enjoy

and experience water sports. This boat house is located eight Kilometres away from

Puducherry town along Cuddalore road. The tree houses built on the banks of Chunnambar

river close to the boat house draw leisure tourists during weekends in a big way. Puducherry

government has created modern facilities in this lake for boating, backwater cruises,

trekking and Picnics. Facilities and amenities such as mechanized speed boats with divers,

rooms, restaurants, toilets, parking area, guide-cum tourist guards, children park, etc., make

the place a family picnic spot. Boating in the Chunnambar river is a thrilling experience as

the sail takes visitors to the Paradise Island and beach.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.13: Chunnambar Backwaters

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 This is the ideal place for sun bath and beach sports. Various kinds of recreational

activities are also organised. Tourists can rent boats of different types such as rowed boats,

paddled boats, motorized high speed boats, etc., to sail. Beach volleyball and other beach

sports are also conducted for the tourists.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.14: Ousudu Lake

Among the fresh water lakes, Ousudu Lake is largest lake in Puducherry, located

about 18 Kilometers from the town. This lake is preferred for boating and angling. Bahour

Lake is another prominent lake. Located about 20 Kilometers away from Puducherry town,

Bahour Lake is an ideal place for nature lovers who also indulge in boating and fishing. This

lake, amidst lush green agricultural lands and rural environs has huge potential for boat

74
cruises, rafting and water front resorts (Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation:

Backwaters and lakes, 2012).

3.13.9 Gardens and Parks

The Botanical Garden, home to a wide range of plants and trees was developed in

1826 in an elaborate French style. With pruned trees, beautiful flower beds and gravel lined

paths and fountains, botanical garden is visited by excursionists and researchers in plant

sciences. The ambience of the entrance is reminiscent of French architecture.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.15: Puducherry’s Botanical Garden

The garden has a good collection of many exotic plants from different parts of the

world. It boasts of 1500 species of plants and by all means a prominent place in the list of

75
the best botanical gardens in South India. In order to entertain the visitors, a musical

fountain has been set up in the garden that enhances the value of visitor experience. A visit

to the garden and a walk in the well laid walking trail inside the garden rejuvenates one’s

spirits and energy levels. The Annual Flower Show organized in this garden is a big draw.

Seeds of various ornamental plants, medicinal/herbal plants, garden equipments, pesticides,

etc., are sold in the garden retail outlet at nominal prices.

Bharathi Park, a well maintained public park is another attraction of Puducherry for

nature lovers. Located in the White city area of Puducherry, flanked by Raj Nivas (the

official residence of the Lieutenant Governor) on the northern side, the popular museum of

Puducherry on the southern side, the stately Legislative Assembly of Puducherry on the

western side, Bharathi Park is a place where one could relax in the well maintained lawns.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.16: Bharathi Park

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 The main attraction of the park is Aayi Mandapam which is the official emblem/seal

of Puducherry Government. Aayi Mandapam is a pure white monument. It resembles the

Greeco-Roman architecture and was built by Napolean III, the Emperor of France. The

monument is believed to have been erected during the 16th century. Legend has it that a 16th

century courtesan razed down her home and replaced it with a reservoir to appease a passing

king angry at having mistaken her candle-lit residence for a holy place.

3.13.10 Monuments and Heritage Buildings

Puducherry has rich history and spells invariable heritage. Puducherry heritage owes

to various monuments. Among the several heritage buildings and monuments: Ayai

Mandappam, Ananda Ranga Pillai Mansion, The statue of Dupleix, Place du Governments,

19th Century Light House, French War Memorial, Ecole Francaise d’Extreme - Orient,

Cluny Embroidery, Alliance Francaise, INTACH Heritage Center, Lycee Francaise, Art

Gallery, State Assembly building, Raj Nivas, The Statue of Joan of Arc, Town Hall, Notre

Dame des Anges Church, Cercle de Puducherry, Ananda Ranga Pillai Library, French

Consulate, French Institute, Golconde, Maison Colombai, UCO Bank, Calve College,

Sushilabai School, Bharathi Museum, Villa Helena, Hotel de l’ Orient, Hotel de

Pondicherry, Le Dupleix, Maison Perumal, Hotel du Parc, Reve Bleu and Villa Bayound,

deserve a special mention (Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation: Heritage

Buildings and Monuments, 2012).

77
(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.17: Lieutenant Governor Bungalow

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.18: Hotel De L'Orient Heritage

78
(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.19: French Heritage Building

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.20: Puducherry’s Old Light House

79
(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.21: Puducherry’s Le Cafe Heritage Building

3.13.11 Temples, Churches and Mosques

Puducherry is known for peace. People of various faiths and religious beliefs coexist

and live harmoniously for centuries. Puducherry is also known for its unique art and

architecture. The temples in Puducherry are predominantly influenced by Dravidian style of

architecture. The temples dedicated to different Hindu Gods and Goddesses are similar to

the ancient temples in Tamilnadu. The mosques have been built in different parts of the city

as per the Islamic architecture. Many famous churches have also been constructed around

the city during the colonial rule of French. European architecture could be seen in the

churches built in Puducherry, as elsewhere in the country. The Church of the Sacred Heart

of Jesus is believed to have been constructed in 1700 by French Missionaries.

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(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.22: Immaculate Conception Cathedral

The church is unique for its painting in stained glass and marble decorations. Other

well known churches are the Church of Capuchins, Notre dame de, the Notre Dame des

Agnes, the Church of the Assumption and the Church of our Lady of Lourdes. Among all

the churches, the Church of Our Lady of Good Health, Church of Capuchins is the ancient

church built in Puducherry. This church was built on the lines of the Basilica in France.

Puducherry is also known for important mosques such as Jamai Mosque, Meeran Mosque,

Kuthbha Mosque and Mulla Mohhamed Mosque. All these mosques were built in different

periods. The architecture of these mosques is similar to the Islamic architecture of other

parts of India.

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 (Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.23: Meeran Mosque

Thus, Churches, Mosques and Temples of Puducherry are some of the principal

attractions for their religious significance as well as architectural splendors. True to the

accommodative spirit of the people, there are 350 temples in and around Puducherry. Some

of the temples were built by the Chola Kings between 10th and 12th centuries. Among the

important temples, Sri Gokilambal Thirukameswara Temple, the Varadaraja Perumal

Temple, Vedapureeswarar Temple, Ishwaran Temple, Sithaandha Temple and Manakkula

Vinayagar Temple, Kamatchiamman Temple and Kanniga Parameshwari Temple merit a

special mention.

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(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.24: Arulmigu Sri Manakula Vinayagar Temple

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.25: Arulmigu Sri Varadaraj Perumal Temple

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3.13.12 Museums

A trip to Puducherry is not complete without visiting Puducherry museums. There

are six important museums in Puducherry, viz., Puducherry Museum, Ananda Ranga Pillai

Museum, Bharathi Memorial Museum, Bharathidashan Museum, Children Museum and

Jawahar Toy Museum. The first four museums represent the history of Puducherry,

conserved and showcased through a rich collection of rare bronze and stone sculptures of

Pallava and Chola dynasties and artifacts recovered from Arikamedu.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.26: Mahakavi Bharathiar Museum

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(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.27: Bharathidashan Museum

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.28: Puducherry Museum Entrance

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 The Geology section exhibits a shell and fossil room and a collection of handicrafts,

coins, church relics and French furniture. The Children Museum presents the display of a

good collection of snail shells. The Jawahar Toy Museum is a place of great delight for

children with a good collection of over 120 dolls, each one dressed in different ethnic

costumes representing the cultural diversity of India (Puducherry Tourism Development

Corporation: Museums, 2012).

3.13.13 Fairs and Festivals

The community life and harmony in Puducherry are well pronounced by the

involvement and participation of people in the various fairs and festivals of the region.

These events are marked by huge public gatherings.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.29: Puducherry’s International Yoga Festival

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 Needless to say that during the times of festivals and fairs, Puducherry town wears a

festive look. People spend lot of time visiting the near and dear ones, gifting sweets and

exchanging greetings. International Yoga festival is organized by Government of

Puducherry during 4 - 7, January every year where Yogis and Yoginis from all over the

world assemble in Puducherry.

Pongal, the harvest festival celebrated in the month of January, followed by Maasi

Magam festival in March set the welcome tone for the Tamil New Year. Managani Festival

celebrated in July in Karaikal is dedicated to Karaikal Ammaiyar. Bastille Day is celebrated

on 14 July every year where Indo-French pageantry is a major attraction. Fete de

Puducherry, another festival specific to the French nationals in Puducherry is celebrated in

the fourth week of May. This festival is a cultural pageant, coinciding with the Liberation

Day and the Independence Day of Puducherry. Further, to cash in on the changing shopping

behaviour of the people on the growing consumerism, Govt. of Puducherry organizes

Puducherry Shopping festival every year during November - January. Though not of the

scale and size of Dubai Shopping festival, Puducherry Shopping festival is also patronized,

by not only local residents, but also by the people from the adjoining districts of Tamilnadu.

Shopkeepers and manufactures of various hues set up their shops. Many a household in and

around Puducherry look forward for this shopping festival to take advantage of the

discounts, deals and offers (Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation: Fairs and

Festivals, 2012).

87
 Some of the other important festivals tourists look forward to are: New Year

celebrations, Sri Aurobindo’s birth anniversary, Mother’s birth anniversary, Bakrid, Good

Friday, Chitrai Kali Vizha, Villanur Temple Car Festival, Vinayaka Chaturthi, Ayudha

Pooja, Vijayadasami, Deepawali, Karthigai and Christmas. The Department of Tourism

organizes festivals like World Tourism Day, National Children’s Festival, Adventure

Festival and Vysial Street Festival. Karaikal Carnival, Yanam Festival and Mahe Tourism

Festival are the major events organized in the other three enclaves of Puducherry Union

Territory.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.30: Maasi Magam Festival

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3.13.14 Shopping Paradise

Puducherry is a shoppers’ paradise as it offers a large collection of souvenir articles

representing different parts of India and nations across the globe. The various by-lanes of the

town are dotted with rows of boutique and souvenir shops dealing with a wide range of

goods. It is a favorite shopping destination which enjoys relatively low tax structure. That

apart, Puducherry has a few traditional doll-making units and textiles factories.

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.31: Jawaharlal Nehru Street -The Commercial district of Puducherry

Apart from the traditional crafts, leather products, wooden and stone carvings,

aromatics, fashion goods, pottery and handmade paper products are some of the

distinguished products usually picked up as souvenirs by the tourists. Exquisite decor

boutiques and export quality antique furniture galleries offer a wide range of collections.

89
Further, several State and National level handicrafts show rooms, jewellery and textile

exhibitions are organised during the peak tourist season. The commercial district of

Puducherry comprises of Jawaharlal Nehru Street (J.N.Street), Mahatma Gandhi Street

(M.G.Street), Anna Salai, Cathedral Street (Mission Street) and Romain Rolland Street

(Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation: Shopping, 2012).

3.13.15 Sunday Bazaar

(Source: Puducherry Tourism Development Corporation)

Exhibit 3.32: Sunday Bazaar

Sunday Bazaar is the term used in the local parlance which denotes the setting up of

a large number of makeshift shops along the Mahatma Gandhi Road and Nehru Street every

Sunday. The vendors sell almost everything connected with the day-to-day life and of course

and the trade on Sunday is a source of income to local small scale vendors. Tourists flock to

90
this bazaar for an experience and pick up buying goods at reasonable prices. Textiles,

readymade dresses and handicrafts are the most sought after things in the Sunday bazaar.

3.13.16 Puducherry’s Wines and Liquor

Wine and liquor in Puducherry are comparatively cheaper with a good choice of

brands. The availability of alcoholic products at lower prices draws a large number of

weekend tourists to Puducherry as also for fun and frolic. Several luxury hotels have

discotheques to attract the youth segment of tourists during the weekend.

3.14 Conclusion

Over the years, Puducherry has emerged as a leisure, recreation and weekend

destination of south India. The unique selling proposition of Puducherry (USP) is embedded

in the Tamil and French cultural heritage resources, art and architecture, Sri Aurobindo

Ashram, Auroville, Arikamedu, Beaches, Ousudu Lake and Chunnambar backwaters. All

these attractions together spell what Puducherry is all about from the tourism perspective.

Over the past decade, there has been a 60% rise in domestic tourist arrivals and 113%

increase in foreign tourist arrivals. More particularly, the average annual growth in tourist

arrivals in the last five years has been 3.6%, with over 3 lakh foreign tourists and 44 lakh

domestic tourists visiting Puducherry. It may be noted that between January and December

2011, there was an increase of 7.15% in tourist arrivals. In order to cash in on the growing

tourism market and to sustain the growth rate, Puducherry government has taken the

initiative to identify and develop new tourism projects and to aggressively promote

Puducherry tourism in the domestic and international markets. There are several projects in

91
the pipeline. The thrust now is on developing large tourism projects on Public Private

Partnership (PPP) mode. For instance, in the last five years, 30 new private hotels and

resorts have been set up and new restaurants have sprung up. The town has seen an

investment of Rs. 433 Crores in tourism infrastructure for the last five years. Needles to say

tourism is an important catalyst for bringing about significant economic development in

Puducherry, as the Union Territory primarily aims at harnessing the rich potential of tourism

resources through both short and long term allocation of funds.

92