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Rs 25,000 Crore Bullet Train Contract Creates Record

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Nigeria 

(/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a sovereign


country in West Africa bordering Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the
east, and Benin in the west. Its southern coast is on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic
Ocean. It is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where
the capital, Abuja, is located. Lagos is the most populous city in the country and
the African continent, as well as one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world.
Nigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the
second millennium BC, with the Nok Civilization having been the first time the country had
been unified internally in the 15th Century B.C. The modern state originated with British
colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of
the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord
Frederick Lugard. The British set up administrative and legal structures while
practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally
independent federation on October 1, 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970,
followed by a succession of democratically-elected civilian governments and military
dictatorships, until achieving a stable democracy in 1999; the 2015 presidential election was
the first time an incumbent president had lost re-election.[6]
Nigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500
distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures.[7][8][9] The three largest ethnic
groups are the Hausa–Fulani in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together
comprising over 60% of the total population.[10] The official language is English, chosen to
facilitate linguistic unity at the national level.[11] Nigeria is divided roughly in half
between Muslims, who live mostly in the north, and Christians, who live mostly in the south.
[Note 1]
 The country has the world's fifth-largest Muslim population and sixth-largest Christian
population,[12] with a minority practicing indigenous religions, such as those native to
the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities.[13] Nigeria's constitution ensures freedom of religion.[14]
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the
world, with an estimated 206 million inhabitants as of late 2019.[15][16][17] It has the third-largest
youth population in the world, after India and China, with nearly half its population under the
age of eighteen.[18][19] Nigeria's economy is the largest in Africa and the 24th largest in the
world, worth almost $450 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing
power parity, respectively.[20][21][Note 2] Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing
to its large population and economy,[22] and is also considered to be an emerging market by
the World Bank;[23] it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent,[24][25]
[26]
 a middle power in international affairs,[27][28][29][30] and has also been identified as
an emerging global power.[31][32][33] However, its Human Development Index ranks 158th in the
world, and the country is classified as a lower middle-income economy, with a gross
national income per capita between $1,026 and

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