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    FanCart Acceleration 2017-1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Areej Rahman

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    FanCart Acceleration 2017-1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Areej Rahman
    465 views4 pages

    Original Title

    FanCart Acceleration 2017-1.pdf

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    465 views4 pages

    FanCart Acceleration 2017-1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Areej Rahman

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4
    At a glance
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    The document discusses Newton's three laws of motion through experiments with a fan cart. Newton's first law states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an external force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

    The experiments show that increasing the applied force or decreasing the mass of the cart results in a greater acceleration according to Newton's second law, F=ma. Doubling the force doubles the acceleration and tripling the force triples the acceleration.

    According to the experiments, increasing the mass of the cart decreases its acceleration for a given applied force. Doubling the mass halves the acceleration. Newton's second law, F=ma, explains this as acceleration is inversely proportional to mass if the applied force stays the same.

    McCarthy Physical Science 2017

    Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________


    Student Exploration: Fan Cart Physics (Write in
    Complete Sentences!)
    Vocabulary: acceleration, force, friction, mass, newton, Newton’s first law, Newton’s second
    law, Newton’s third law, velocity
    Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

    1. Imagine a horse pulling a cart. What would happen to the speed of the cart if several bags of

    cement were added to the cart? _______________________________________________

    2. Suppose several more horses were hitched up to the same cart. How would this affect the

    speed of the cart? __________________________________________________________

    Although these questions may seem simple, they form the basis of Newton’s second law of
    motion. The Fan Cart Physics Gizmo™ can be used to illustrate all three of Newton’s laws.

    Gizmo Warm-up
    The Fan Cart Physics Gizmo™ shows a common
    teaching tool called a fan cart. Place fan A on the cart
    and turn it on by clicking the ON/OFF button below.

    1. Look at the blue lines coming from the fan. In which

    direction is the air pushed? ____________________

    2. Press Play ( ) and observe the cart. In which

    direction does the cart move? __________________

    By blowing to the left, the fans exert a force on the cart that pushes it to the right. This
    illustrates Newton’s third law: A force in one direction results in an equal force in the
    opposite direction.

    3. The velocity (v) of the cart is its speed and direction. Click Reset ( ). Select the BAR

    CHART tab, and click Play. Does the velocity change or stay the same? _______________

    A change in velocity is called acceleration (a).


    Get the Gizmo ready:
    Activity A:
     Click Reset.
    Newton’s first law
     Remove all fans from the cart.

    Question: What happens to the cart when there is no force?

    1. Form hypothesis: What will the motion of the cart be like when there is no force at all?

    (There is no friction in this model.) _____________________________________________

    2. Predict: Suppose a cart with no fans has a starting velocity of 2 m/s. What will be the

    velocity of the cart when it reaches the wall? _____________________________________

    3. Experiment: Check that there are no fans on the cart. On the DESCRIPTION tab, set the
    Initial velocity of cart to 2.0 m/s. Select the BAR CHART tab, and click Play.

    What do you notice about the velocity of the cart? _________________________________

    4. Experiment: Click Reset. Place two fans on the cart, and point them in opposite directions.
    (Next to DIRECTION, click the button for one fan.) Turn both fans on, and click Play.

    What do you notice about the velocity of the cart? _________________________________

    5. Analyze: Select the GRAPH tab.

    A. What do you notice about the graph of position vs. time (x vs t)? _______________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    B. What does the velocity vs. time (v vs t) graph show? _________________________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    C. What do you notice about the graph of acceleration vs. time (a vs t)? ____________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    6. Draw conclusions: Newton’s first law states that an object in motion will travel at a constant
    velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. How do these experiments show this?

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________
    Get the Gizmo ready:
    Activity B:
     Click Reset.
    Newton’s second
     Set the Initial velocity of cart to 0.0 m/s.
    law
     Place three fans on the cart, all blowing to the left.

    Question: How do mass and force affect acceleration?

    1. Experiment: Turn on the fans. Click Play and watch the cart, then select the TABLE tab.

    A. Scroll to the bottom of the table. What is the final velocity of the cart? ____________

    B. How long did it take the cart to reach the end of the track? _____________________

    2. Calculate: Acceleration is a measure of how much the velocity of the cart changes each
    second. To calculate acceleration, divide the final velocity by the amount of time it took to
    reach that velocity. The units of acceleration are meters per second per second, or m/s2.

    A. What is the acceleration of the cart? (Include units.) __________________________

    B. Check your answer on the TABLE tab. Were you correct? _____________________

    3. Form hypothesis:

    A. How do you think changing the mass of the cart will affect its acceleration?

    ___________________________________________________________________

    B. How do you think the number of fans will affect the cart’s acceleration?

    ___________________________________________________________________
    4. Experiment: Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical values. For each
    of the situations below, record the acceleration of the cart.

    Load Number of fans turned on Acceleration


    3 fans, 0 mass units 1
    3 fans, 0 mass units 2
    3 fans, 0 mass units 3
    3 fans, 2 mass units 1
    3 fans, 2 mass units 2
    3 fans, 2 mass units 3
    Activity B (continued from previous page)

    5. Analyze: Look at the acceleration values.

    A. How did doubling the force affect the acceleration of the cart? __________________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    B. Compare the first and third lines of data. How did tripling the force affect the

    acceleration of the cart? _______________________________________________

    C. A cart with two mass units and three fans has twice the mass as a cart with just three

    fans. How did doubling the mass affect the acceleration of the cart? _____________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    6. Draw conclusions: Newton’s second law states that force is equal to mass times
    acceleration: F = ma. This law can be rearranged as a = F / m, or a = F ÷ m.

    How does this experiment demonstrate Newton’s second law? _______________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

    7. Challenge: The unit of force is the newton (N). One newton is the force required to
    accelerate a 1-kg object at a rate of 1 m/s2.

    Suppose each fan supplies a force of 2 N. Use Newton’s second law and the Gizmo to find
    the following.

    A. The mass of the cart: __________________________________________________

    B. The mass of a fan: ____________________________________________________

    C. The mass of one of the draggable mass units: ______________________________

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