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    CL336: Advanced Transport Phenomena: Written Quiz - 1

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    Likhith
    1) The particle can be approximated as a tracer if the particle radius is much smaller than the ratio of two time scales - the viscous relaxation time scale and the flow time scale. Physically, this means the particle responds nearly instantaneously to changes in the fluid velocity. 2) Under the fast diffusion limit where concentration gradients are small, the species will be consumed within a time scale set by the reaction rate constant divided by the initial concentration. 3) By varying the reaction rate constant k in experiments and measuring how the penetration length changes, one can determine if transport is dominated by diffusion or convection - diffusion will give a penetration length proportional to the square root of the diffusion coefficient over k, while

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    CL336: Advanced Transport Phenomena: Written Quiz - 1

    Uploaded by

    Likhith
    55 views2 pages
    1) The particle can be approximated as a tracer if the particle radius is much smaller than the ratio of two time scales - the viscous relaxation time scale and the flow time scale. Physically, this means the particle responds nearly instantaneously to changes in the fluid velocity. 2) Under the fast diffusion limit where concentration gradients are small, the species will be consumed within a time scale set by the reaction rate constant divided by the initial concentration. 3) By varying the reaction rate constant k in experiments and measuring how the penetration length changes, one can determine if transport is dominated by diffusion or convection - diffusion will give a penetration length proportional to the square root of the diffusion coefficient over k, while

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    1) The particle can be approximated as a tracer if the particle radius is much smaller than the ratio of two time scales - the viscous relaxation time scale and the flow time scale. Physically, this means the particle responds nearly instantaneously to changes in the fluid velocity. 2) Under the fast diffusion limit where concentration gradients are small, the species will be consumed within a time scale set by the reaction rate constant divided by the initial concentration. 3) By varying the reaction rate constant k in experiments and measuring how the penetration length changes, one can determine if transport is dominated by diffusion or convection - diffusion will give a penetration length proportional to the square root of the diffusion coefficient over k, while

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views2 pages

    CL336: Advanced Transport Phenomena: Written Quiz - 1

    Uploaded by

    Likhith
    1) The particle can be approximated as a tracer if the particle radius is much smaller than the ratio of two time scales - the viscous relaxation time scale and the flow time scale. Physically, this means the particle responds nearly instantaneously to changes in the fluid velocity. 2) Under the fast diffusion limit where concentration gradients are small, the species will be consumed within a time scale set by the reaction rate constant divided by the initial concentration. 3) By varying the reaction rate constant k in experiments and measuring how the penetration length changes, one can determine if transport is dominated by diffusion or convection - diffusion will give a penetration length proportional to the square root of the diffusion coefficient over k, while

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    of 2

    CL336 : Advanced Transport Phenomena

    Written Quiz - 1 (total points: 20)

    1. The motion of a tiny heavy particle (radius much smaller than the flow length scale so that
    it can be taken as a point particle) is well approximated by the following equations:

    dx dv
    = v; m = ζ(u − v).
    dt dt
    Here, x and v are the particle position and velocity vectors, while u is the fluid velocity
    field, given by (in two dimensions):

    u = {−U0 cos(kx)sin(ky)ex , U0 sin(kx)cos(ky)ey }

    where U0 is the amplitude of the spatially periodic but steady 2D flow. For a spherical
    particle, the mass m = (4/3)πr3 ρ (where r is the particle radius and ρ is the particle
    density) and the Stokes drag coefficient ζ = 6πµr (where µ is the fluid viscosity).

    (a) Find a condition on how small the particle radius should be (in terms of a non-
    dimensional group of parameters) so that the particle can be approximated as a tracer,
    i.e., v ≈ u. (3)
    (b) Represent the nondimensional group identified above in terms of a ratio of two time-
    scales. What is the physical meaning/origin of these two time-scales? (2)

    2. Consider the following unsteady, reaction-diffusion problem in a 1D slab of thickness H,


    where the two walls are subject to no-flux conditions. The initial concentration of the
    species in the slab is uniform and has a value C0 ; the species gets consumed by a second-
    order reaction as time progresses. The governing equations are

    ∂c ∂2c
    = D 2 − kc2 ,
    ∂t ∂x
    ∂c
    = 0 at x = 0, H,
    ∂x
    c = C0 at t = 0.

    (a) Obtain the condition(s) on the parameters so that the concentration can be assumed to
    be uniform throughout the evolution (fast diffusion limit in which the equation reduces
    ∂2c
    to ∂x2 ≈ 0). (3)
    (b) Under this fast-diffusion limit, estimate the time it would take for most of the species
    to be consumed by the reaction (2)

    3. You are engaged in an experiment to understand the nature of transport of a reacting species,
    called A, inside a biological cell. You observe that A is released at one end of the cell and is
    transported across the cell. However, A is simultaneously consumed by a first order reaction
    with rate constant k. Therefore, the steady-state concentration (c) of A depletes well before
    it can reach the other end of the cell. Your current experiment is not precise enough to
    measure the detailed concentration profile, but you can estimate the distance to which the
    2

    species penetrates across the cell (penetration length). You are able to tune or control the
    value of k in different experiments. Can you describe an experimental method, based on
    scaling analysis of the appropriate equations, to identify whether the transport across the
    cell is occurring by diffusion (random molecular thermal motion) or by convection (directed
    transport by motor proteins)? For simplicity, assume one-dimensional steady-state transport
    in a semi-infinite domain. (10)

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