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    Experiment 4 Wheatstone Bridge: R R R R

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    The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit used to measure unknown resistances. It consists of a voltage source and two voltage dividers connected in parallel. When the voltages across the two dividers are equal, the bridge is balanced. This allows the unknown resistance to be calculated based on the other three known resistances in the circuit. In the experiment, students will construct a Wheatstone bridge circuit and use it to measure an unknown resistance between 1-10kΩ by adjusting the calibrated variable resistor until balance is achieved. They will also measure the resistance of a photoresistor under different lighting conditions.

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    Experiment 4 Wheatstone Bridge: R R R R

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    F e
    220 views2 pages
    The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit used to measure unknown resistances. It consists of a voltage source and two voltage dividers connected in parallel. When the voltages across the two dividers are equal, the bridge is balanced. This allows the unknown resistance to be calculated based on the other three known resistances in the circuit. In the experiment, students will construct a Wheatstone bridge circuit and use it to measure an unknown resistance between 1-10kΩ by adjusting the calibrated variable resistor until balance is achieved. They will also measure the resistance of a photoresistor under different lighting conditions.

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    EE_2101_Experiment_04_Wheatstone_Bridge.pdf

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    The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit used to measure unknown resistances. It consists of a voltage source and two voltage dividers connected in parallel. When the voltages across the two dividers are equal, the bridge is balanced. This allows the unknown resistance to be calculated based on the other three known resistances in the circuit. In the experiment, students will construct a Wheatstone bridge circuit and use it to measure an unknown resistance between 1-10kΩ by adjusting the calibrated variable resistor until balance is achieved. They will also measure the resistance of a photoresistor under different lighting conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    220 views2 pages

    Experiment 4 Wheatstone Bridge: R R R R

    Uploaded by

    F e
    The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit used to measure unknown resistances. It consists of a voltage source and two voltage dividers connected in parallel. When the voltages across the two dividers are equal, the bridge is balanced. This allows the unknown resistance to be calculated based on the other three known resistances in the circuit. In the experiment, students will construct a Wheatstone bridge circuit and use it to measure an unknown resistance between 1-10kΩ by adjusting the calibrated variable resistor until balance is achieved. They will also measure the resistance of a photoresistor under different lighting conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    EXPERIMENT 4

    WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

    INTRODUCTION

    A bridge is a special class of circuits that can be used for measuring resistance, capacitance, or
    inductance. A resistance bridge is especially useful when a very accurate measurement of a resistance is
    required. The Wheatstone bridge or four arm bridge, invented by C. Wheatstone in 1843, is the most
    widely used resistance bridge for measuring resistance values above 1 Ω. Commercial Wheatstone bridges
    are accurate to about 0.1 percent, making the values of resistance obtained far more accurate than values
    obtained from many types of meters. For resistances below 1 Ω, a Kelvin Bridge can used [1].

    A Wheatstone bridge consists of a voltage source and two parallel voltage dividers, as shown in
    Figure 1. The bridge is said to be balanced when v12 = 0. For the balanced condition, the voltage v3 is
    divided in the path containing resistors Ra and Rb in the same ratio as in the path containing resistors
    Rc and Rx, which allows the unknown resistance Rx to be determined in terms of Ra, Rb and Rc.

    Rs 3
    Ra Rc
    Vs 1 2

    Rb Rx
    0

    Figure 1: Wheatstone Bridge Circuit.

    We can find Rx in terms of Ra, Rb and Rc as follows. Using the voltage divider relation,

    𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥
    𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑣 , 𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑣
    𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 + 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎 3 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 + 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 3

    For the balanced condition, v12 = 0, or v1 = v2 . Equating the above expressions for v1 and v2 gives

    𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥
    =
    𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 + 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 + 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐
    Multiplying both sides by (𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 + 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 ) and (𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 + 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎 ) gives 𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 (𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 + 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 ) = 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 (𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 + 𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎 ). Subtracting
    Rb Rx from both sides and solving for Rx gives

    𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑏 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐
    𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 = .
    𝑅𝑅𝑎𝑎

    In order to achieve balance for a specific unknown resistance Rx, let Ra and Rc have fixed, known
    values, and let Rb be a calibrated (adjustable) resistor. The procedure is to adjust Rb until v12 = 0, and
    then use the expression derived above to determine Rx.
    Lab Work

    1. Construct the Wheatstone bridge shown in Figure 1. Use resistor values Ra = 1 kΩ, Rc = 10 kΩ,
    and Rs = 10 kΩ Use a decade resistance box for Rb and a DC power supply adjusted to 5 volts.

    2. Measure the value of an "unknown" resistance supplied by your lab GTA 1 kΩ ≤ Rx ≤ 10 kΩ .


    In adjusting Rb using the decade resistance box, start with the coarsest scale and work toward the finest
    scale, while monitoring v12 with the DMM.

    3. Calculate the unknown resistance.

    4. Using the LCR meter, measure the resistance of a photo-resistor under at least three lighting
    conditions.

    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    [1] Wolf, Stanley, Guide to Electronic Measurements and Laboratory Practice. Prentice-Hall,
    Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1973.

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