This document outlines the standard operating procedure for determining total alkalinity in water and wastewater samples. It involves titrating an aliquot of the sample with sulfuric acid to pH 8.3 to determine phenolphthalein alkalinity, then continuing the titration to pH 3.7 to determine total alkalinity. The titrations are used to calculate the concentrations of alkalinity in the sample as mg/L of calcium carbonate. Interfering substances that could affect the titration or indicators are also noted.
This document outlines the standard operating procedure for determining total alkalinity in water and wastewater samples. It involves titrating an aliquot of the sample with sulfuric acid to pH 8.3 to determine phenolphthalein alkalinity, then continuing the titration to pH 3.7 to determine total alkalinity. The titrations are used to calculate the concentrations of alkalinity in the sample as mg/L of calcium carbonate. Interfering substances that could affect the titration or indicators are also noted.
This document outlines the standard operating procedure for determining total alkalinity in water and wastewater samples. It involves titrating an aliquot of the sample with sulfuric acid to pH 8.3 to determine phenolphthalein alkalinity, then continuing the titration to pH 3.7 to determine total alkalinity. The titrations are used to calculate the concentrations of alkalinity in the sample as mg/L of calcium carbonate. Interfering substances that could affect the titration or indicators are also noted.
This document outlines the standard operating procedure for determining total alkalinity in water and wastewater samples. It involves titrating an aliquot of the sample with sulfuric acid to pH 8.3 to determine phenolphthalein alkalinity, then continuing the titration to pH 3.7 to determine total alkalinity. The titrations are used to calculate the concentrations of alkalinity in the sample as mg/L of calcium carbonate. Interfering substances that could affect the titration or indicators are also noted.
1.0 SCOPE 1.1 To determine Phenolphthalein and Total alkalinity in water and wastewater.
2.0 PRINCIPLE 2.1 Alkalinity of water is the capacity of that water to accept protons. It may be defined as the quantities capacity of an aqueous medium to react with hydrogen ions to pH 8.3 (Phenolphthalein alkalinity) and then to pH 3.7 (Total alkalinity or methyl alkalinity)
3.0 INTERFERENCES 3.1 Natural color or the formation of a precipitate during titration may mask the color change of the indicator. 3.2 Waste materials present in waters may interfere by destroying the indicator.
4.0 APPARATUS 4.1 Burette
5.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION & PRESERVATION
5.1 Sample should be collected in a clean plastic container. 5.2 Fill the container completely and stopper them in such a way that there is no air above the sample. 5.3 Refrigeration at 40C is recommended.
6.0 Reagents 6.1 Sulphuric Acid 0.2 N: Dilute 5.6 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (sp.gr.1.84) to one litre with distilled water 6.2 Standard 0.02N H2SO4: Dilute 100 ml of 0.2 N Sulphuric acid to1000ml with distilled water. 6.3 Phenolphthalein indicator: Dissolve 0.5 g of Phenolphthalein in 100ml of 1:1 (v/v) alcohol/water mixture. 6.4 Mixed Indicator solution: Dissolve 0.02 g methyl red and 0.01 g Bromocresol green in 100 ml 95% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. 6.5 Standard 0.02N Na2CO3 solution: Dilute 1.0599g of (dried 260°C for 1hr) Na2CO3 to1000ml with distilled water STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TOTAL ALKALINITY
7.0 PROCEDURE 7.1 Pipette 50ml or suitable aliquot of sample into 250 ml conical flask. 7.2 Add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator, (if there is no pink color, phenolphthalein alkalinity is absent). 7.3 Titrate the pink color solution against 0.02N Sulphuric acid taken in the burette to the colorless end point (A). 7.4 To the titrated solution or to the solution containing Phenolphthalein indicator, add 2 to 3 drops of mixed indicator. 7.5 Titrate with standard 0.02 N Sulphuric acid. 7.6 End point color change from green to light pink color (B).
8.0 CALCULATION
Phenolphthalein alkalinity (as mg/l of CaCo3) = AXNX50X1000/V
Total alkalinity (as mg/l of CaCo3) = (A+B) x N x 50X1000/V Where A = ml of standard sulphuric acid used to titrated to pH 8.3 B = ml of standard sulphuric acid used to titrated from pH 8.3 to 3.7 N = Normality of acid used and V = Volume in ml of sample taken for test.
9.0 REFERENCE
Indian standard Method of sampling and test (Physical & chemical) for water and waste water IS 3025( Part 23) 1986 (Reaff.2003)
Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water APHA 23rd Edition (2017) 2320 B *********
