Chapter 8 Bad Habit

CHAPTER 8
BAD HABIT
The objectives of this chapter are students:

Know vocabulary related to procrastination based on the reading text
Know about to infinitive
Know how to use to infinitive in a sentence
Know how differentiate to infinitive and gerund
1
Reading
Pre-reading
1. Have you ever heard about the word
procrastination?
2. Look at the picture and the clue, can you guess the
meaning?
Seize the Day

Picture this scenario: It’s Sunday evening at 7 P.M. your sister Alice comes to you with her term
paper,
which is due to tomorrow. It’s written in longhand, but it has to be typed. Alice doesn’t type well.
Here is the conversation that takes place:
Alice: Steve, can you type my paper? It’s due to tomorrow.
Steve: No, Alice, I can’t. My friends will be here in half an hour, and I’m very busy. I can’t stop to
type
your paper now.
Alice: But, Steve, I need you to. I can’t do it myself. It’ll take me
all night. Steve: Why didn’t you ask me before this?
Alice: I forgot to. I really did plan to ask. Steve, you have to do it. I’ll fail if I don’t turn it in
tomorrow. Please?
Steve: No, Alice, I don’t have to. Now you go and sit down and start typing.
Does this situation sound familiar? It illustrates the problem of procrastination, which I asked
psychiatrist Robert Stevens to talk about.
Taylor: Thank you for joining us. Today I want to ask you if there’s such a thing as
a
procrastination syndrome.
Stevens: Well, I don’t know if we could go so far as to call it a syndrome, but for
many
people procrastination is a very serious problem.
Taylor: Can we start with the definition of procrastination?
Stevens: Of course. To procrastinate is literally to put things off until tomorrow.
It’s a postponing of events until a later time. But unlike the word
“postpone”, which has a neutral sense, the word “procrastinate” definitely
has a negative sense to it. There are occasionally good reasons to
postpone things, but never to
procrastinate. Procrastinating has the sense of avoidance.
Taylor: All right. Now what causes people to procrastinate? Laziness?
Stevens: That’s a popular idea, but I would have to say that laziness is relatively
minor
cause. No, I think fear is really the most important force that motivates
people to put off doing something until later.
Taylor: Fear? Not laziness? You’ll have to explain that to me a bit.
Stevens: Well, it’s actually somewhat related to the expectation syndrome. A lot of
people
do what the others expect in order to live up to their expectations.
Procrastinators are afraid to fail. They are afraid to make mistakes, or
maybe
they don’t want to be rejected. They let fear take control of them, and they
put
off any actions.
Taylor: What would be an example of that?
Stevens: Well, let’s see… suppose someone- a young woman we’ll call Blanche- has
been planning a party. She mentioned the party to people she knows but
has put off making any actual invitations. Either consciously or subconsciously,
she expects to fail, so she delays calling people until the very last
moment. Her friends no
doubt expected her to have called them, and when she didn’t, they forgot
about
the event and made other plans. It’s too short notice for most of them to be
able
to come. Blanche’s fear has caused things to turn out like this.
Taylor: Uh-huh. Well, what if someone is a procrastinator and wants to change?
What
would you advise that person to do?
Stevens: Well, there are three principles I recommend for my clients. The first is
never to put off until tomorrow what needs to be done today. Not to
avoid painful or difficult things is the second. The third is contained in
the Latin phrase carpe diem- “seize the day.” I try to consider everything
that comes before me as opportunity. I don’t advise people to take
unnecessary or foolish risk, but I do
advise them not to put off living. They may not get another chance.
Taylor: Well, Dr. Stevens, thanks for another stimulating discussion.
What does each sentence mean? Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. I can’t stop to type your paper now.
a. I can’t stop the activity of typing.
b. I can’t stop another activity in order to type your letter.
2. There are occasionally good reasons to postpone things, but never to procrastinate.
a. It’s never acceptable to postpone things.
b. It’s sometimes acceptable to postpone things.
3. It’s too short notice for most of them to be able to come.
a. Most will not be able to come.
b. Most will be able to come.
Grammar: to Infinitive
Infinitives as subject
S V O
To procrastinate causes a lot of problems.
Not to go ahead Proved a mistake.
Infinitives as object
S V O
Not everyone wants to procrastinate.
He Decided not to go ahead
Verb + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

S + verb Noun/ pronoun Infinitive
They forbid Me to use the machine.
She always shows Reluctance to finish a job.
I expect You to be diligent.
A. Make sentences with to infinitive as the subject

No Verb Sentence with infinitive as the Meaning
subject
1 Learn To learn English through the internet Belajar bahasa Inggris melalui internet
is itu praktis.
practical.
2 Master To master English required self Menguasai bahasa Inggris
discipline. membutuhkan kedisiplinan diri.
3 Travel
4 Play
5 Make
6 Build
7 Bring
Here are some verbs that followed by an infinitive:

Afford Care Expect Mean Promise Volunteer
Agree Claim Fail Need Refuse Want
Appear Consent Hesitate Offer Seem Wish
Arrange Decide Hope Plan Have Wait
Ask Demand Intend Prepare Swear
Beg Deserve Manage Pretend Threaten
B. Make sentences with infinitive as an object
No Verb Sentence with infinitive as object Meaning

1 Agree Everybody agrees to leave soon Semua orang setuju untuk pergi
dengan
segera.
2 Need
3 Decide
4 Manage
5 Expect
6 Fail
7 Hope
8 Wish
9 Prepare
10 Wait
Here is the list of verbs + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

Advise Challenge Forbid Order Invite
Allow Convince Force Permit Teach
Ask Dare Hire Persuade Tell
Beg Encourage Instruct Remind Urge
Cause Expect Need Require Want
Warn
C. Make sentences with verbs + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

No Verb Sentence with verbs + noun/ pronoun + Meaning
to
infinitive
1 Advise She advised me to study hard. Dia menasehati saya untuk
belajar keras.
2 Allow
3 Ask
4 Beg
5 Cause
6 Challenge
7 Convince
8 Encourage
9 Expect
10 Teach
GERUND or INFINITIVE
Some verbs can be followed by either gerund or an infinitive. Sometimes, there is no difference in
meaning. Sometimes there is.
The verbs below are the verbs commonly followed by either gerund or infinitive which has no
difference in the meaning.
Begin Like Start Hate Love
Can’t stand Continue Prefer Can’t bear
Examples:
 Joe began to
sing. Joe began
singing.
 Mary liked to go to school when she was
a girl. Mary liked going to school when she was a
girl.
 Brenda loves to talk with her
friends. Brenda loves talking with her
friends.
D. Make sentence using the verbs on the list.
No Sentence using gerund Sentence using to infinitive
1
3
4
5
6
Verb + GERUND =/= Verb + to INFINITIVE
Remember Regret Stop Forget Try
Example:
 Wei remembered to go to the store on his way home from
school. This means that Wei did go to the store on his way home. He
didn't forget to go to the store.
Wei remembered going to the store on his way home from school.
This means that Wei went to the store at some time in the past
and he remembered doing it.
 Latasha regretted to tell the student that his essay was
deleted. This means that Latasha was sorry for the student because
the essay was deleted. In this case, regret refers to telling
someone bad news.
Latasha regretted telling the student that his essay was deleted.
This means that Latasha personally felt bad because she told the
student that his essay was deleted. She may feel bad because
something bad may have happened afterwards such as the student later
got angry and started yelling.
 Paul stopped to smoke.
This means that Paul was doing something but then he stopped doing it
to smoke.
Paul stopped smoking.
This means that Paul used to smoke (cigarettes, cigars, etc.) but he
doesn't smoke now.
 Jerome forgot to go to the bank.
This means that Jerome did not go the
bank. Jerome forgot going to the bank.
This means that Jerome went to the bank at some time in the past but he
doesn't remember doing it.
 Maria tried to close the window.
This means that Maria attempted (made a physical effort) to close
the window but she was unable to do it.
Because it was very cold in her home, Maria tried closing the
window. Maria then tried turning up the heat.
This means that Maria was attempting to solve the problem of being
cold. Try + gerund means to attempt to solve something. Because she
was cold, Maria first closed the window. However, she was still
cold, so she then
turned up the heat. Both actions, closing the window and turning up
the heat, were accomplished by Maria.
E. Make sentence from the above verbs
No Sentence using Meaning Sentence using to Meaning
gerund infinitive
1

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CHAPTER 8

The objectives of this chapter are students:

Seize the Day

Verb + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

A. Make sentences with to infinitive as the subject

Here are some verbs that followed by an infinitive:

B. Make sentences with infinitive as an object

No Verb Sentence with infinitive as object Meaning

Here is the list of verbs + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

C. Make sentences with verbs + noun/ pronoun + to infinitive

Verb + GERUND =/= Verb + to INFINITIVE

Remember Regret Stop Forget Try

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