Crime
Crime
Crime
Actus Reus: the action was committed by the person and was not result of action of another person,
neglect, omission like a person who does not have a driving license but drives, and an accident
occurs so you are responsible
In order to prove that the person is guilty, you have to prove two things ,one is actus reus and
second is mens rea
Bahawalpur case in 1980- principal that if you have to give death penalty, then it is necessary to get
dead body of victim
Right to free trial is given under constitution, and if one who does not have resources then state will
provide
White collar crimes have more severe consequences, people are more concerned with murder etc
but are not concerned with corruption of the department,
Jahangir tareen case, sugar crisis and he being part of policy and got beneficial benefit
Every person is responsible for his actions and one is employee of the state
Statutory crime; driving is illegal if one has license else it is a crime, only Christians are allowed to
have alcohol and if a muslim is doing it it will be statutory crime, if selling at higher price, it will also
be a crime, smoking is not a crime but under 18, it will be
statutory crime
Section 275 of PPC that a habitual criminal on repeating crime will get enhanced punishment
Professional criminals:
Retrospective punishment:
Scope of criminology through definition: How we are defining crime, way to implement laws,
solution propsing to new problems,reformation centers
Issue of Blasphemy
Society continuously evaluates when to change the crime from deviation etc.
Green criminology- Issue of Balakot and examples, factories and businesses, water resources,